scholarly journals THE CHOICE OF NEUROPROTECTIVE THERAPY OF COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTIONIN THE POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
S. S. Dubivska ◽  
Yu. B. Grygorov ◽  
Yu. V. Volkov ◽  
N. D. Bitchuk ◽  
D. S. Yefimov
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Deficit ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Preoperative Period ◽  
Preoperative Level ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Neuroprotective Therapy ◽  
Selection Of

We have carried out the selection of adequate neuroprotective therapy in patients with postoperative cognitive dysfunctions on the basis of calculating the index of total cognitive deficit. The study was carried out in patients of different age groups: young, middle and elderly. The state of cognitive function in patients with acute surgical pathology was determined before surgery and on the 1st, 7th, 30th day after surgery. Total cognitive deficit was calculated. In each age group on the seventh day of the study, there were patients with a restored state of cognitive function at the preoperative level. Some patients had minor changes in cognitive function. In some patients, cognitive impairment was observed in comparison with the preoperative period. The results of cognitive function changes in different periods of the study and in different age groups made it possible to develop treatment regimens. Significant changes were noted in 28 % (mean age 68.9 years) on the 7th day. Treatment is recommended based on the diagnosis of the degree and structure of cognitive dysfunction according to the analysis of the results on the 7th day after the operation. Taking into account the obtained results, we have developed and proposed a formula for calculating the total cognitive deficit. Our findings on cognitive function in surgical patients after surgery under general anesthesia have allowed us to develop a formula for calculating the index of total cognitive deficit. This allowed us to formulate a tactic for further adjustment of the existing cognitive deficit using neuroprotective therapy.

scholarly journals Influence of Patient Age on Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes Causing Invasive Disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Inostroza ◽  
Ana Maria Vinet ◽  
Gloria Retamal ◽  
Pedro Lorca ◽  
Gonzalo Ossa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sterile Site ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT All clinical S. pneumoniae specimens isolated from patients with invasive or sterile-site infections admitted to one regional general hospital in southern Chile were collected during a 5-year period (February 1994 to September 1999). A total of 247 strains belonging to 50 serotypes were isolated in this survey: 69 in patients under 5 years of age, 129 in patients 5 to 64 years old, and 49 from patients 65 years and older. Eight serotypes were identified in all age groups, while all other serotypes were found exclusively in one age group or in patients over 4 years of age. Serotype 3 was never found in patients under 5 years old, and serotype 14 was not found in patients >64 years of age. There was no difference in the serotypes causing infection in each one of the 5 years of the survey. Our results suggest that both bacterial virulence factors and host factors play an important role in the selection of S. pneumoniae serotypes causing invasive infection. Possible host factors include age-related differences in the immune response. Comparative studies with other areas of the world may help to further understanding of our observations in southern Chile.

scholarly journals Comparison of Time Taken to Assess Cognitive Function Using a Fully Immersive and Automated Virtual Reality System vs. the Montreal Cognitive Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Teen Wong ◽  
Ngiap Chuan Tan ◽  
Jie En Lim ◽  
John Carson Allen ◽  
Wan Sian Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Virtual Reality System ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Completion Times

Introduction: Dementia is increasingly prevalent globally. Existing questionnaire-based cognitive assessment tools may not comprehensively assess cognitive function and real-time task-performance across all cognitive domains. CAVIRE (Cognitive Assessment by VIrtual REality), a fully immersive virtual reality system incorporating automated audio-visual instructions and a scoring matrix was developed to assess the six cognitive domains, with potential to maintain consistency in execution of the testing environment and possibly time-saving in busy primary care practice.Aims: This is a feasibility study to compare the completion times of the questionnaire-based Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the CAVIRE in cognitively-healthy Asian adults aged between 35 and 74 years, overall, and in and across each 10-year age group (35–44; 45–54; 55–64; 65–74).Methods: A total of 100 participants with a MoCA score of 26 or more were recruited equally into the four 10-year age groups at a primary care clinic in Singapore. Completion time for the MoCA assessment for each participant was recorded. They were assessed using the CAVIRE, comprising 13 segments featuring common everyday activities assessing all six cognitive domains, and the completion time was also recorded through the embedded automated scoring and timing framework.Results: Completion time for CAVIRE as compared to MoCA was significantly (p < 0.01) shorter, overall (mean difference: 74.9 (SD) seconds) and in each age group. Younger, vs. older, participants completed both the MoCA and CAVIRE tasks in a shorter time. There was a greater variability in the completion time for the MoCA, most markedly in the oldest group, whereas completion time was less variable for the CAVIRE tasks in all age groups, with most consistency in the 45–54 year-age group.Conclusion: We demonstrate almost equivalent completion times for a VR and a questionnaire-based cognition assessment, with inter-age group variation in VR completion time synonymous to that in conventional screening methods. The CAVIRE has the potential to be an alternative screening modality for cognition in the primary care setting.

scholarly journals Dietary Modifications during Pregnancy through Decades

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. e43-e48
Author(s):  
Yamini Bhatt ◽  
Kalpana Kulshrestha
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Diet Recall ◽  
Dietary Modifications ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe present study aimed to explore the modifications in diet during pregnancy over three generations in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. For the selection of the sample, the respondents were categorized in 3 age groups: 20 to 34 years; 35 to 55 years; and ≥ 56 years. Structured diet recall interviews were scheduled for the collection of data. The subjects were asked about their dietary habits during pregnancy and food items that they included and excluded during that period. Most food items mentioned included were milk, fruits, and nutritional supplements. The exclusion of fruits like banana and papaya, of rice, and of leafy green vegetables (LGVs) was mainly observed. Among the age group of ≥ 56 years, the respondents with no changes in their diet during pregnancy were more from rural areas (92%) than from urban areas (62.26%), while in the age group of 20 to 34 years, 25% of the respondents with no change in their diet lived in rural areas, and 8.06% lived in urban areas. There has been an increase in the population with dietary modifications through generations; however, the overall changes are still not satisfying. The present study shows that there is a high need for nutritional education during pregnancy, especially in rural areas.

scholarly journals The Comparison of Accelerated Corneal Crosslinking Treatment for Progressive Keratoconus in the Pediatric and Adult Age Groups: One-Year Results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Berhuni ◽  
Cem Ozturkmen
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Preoperative Period ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the short-term results of accelerated crosslinking (A-CXL) treatment for progressive keratoconus in the pediatric and adult age groups. Materials and methods: The records of the 62 eyes of 40 patients who had undergone the A-CXL procedure (9 mV/cm2, 10 min) for progressive keratoconus between January 2015 and January 2019 were evaluated retrospectively. The patients were divided into 2 groups as the pediatric group (aged 17 years or less) and the adult group (aged 18 years or more) for statistical analysis. Pre- and post- 12th month A-CXL best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), maximum keratometry (Kmax), sim K1, sim K2, corneal thickness at the thinnest point (thCT), and corneal astigmatism (CA) values of the patient groups were recorded. Results: The 29 eyes of 16 patients were included in the pediatric group and the 33 eyes of 24 patients were included in the adult group. The mean age was 13.50±3.05 years in the pediatric group and 23.58±4.37 years in the adult group. A significant improvement in BCVA and a significant decrease in thCT values were present in both groups 12 months after the surgery compared to the preoperative period. A decrease was present in the Kmax, sim K1, sim K2 and CA values in the pediatric group, but was not statistically significant. The decrease in Kmax, sim K1 and sim K2 values compared to the preoperative period was significant in the adult group, but the decrease in CA values was not significant. When the two groups were compared at the end of 12 months, only the sim K1 value was significantly lower in the adult group, and there was no significant difference between the other measurements. Conclusions: Better visual acuity improvement, a higher flattening rate, and less progression occur after 12 months with A-CXL treatment for progressive keratoconus in the adult age group compared to the pediatric age group.

scholarly journals Predictors of Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults by Age Group: Based on the 2017 National Survey of Older Korean Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9600
Author(s):  
Jinheum Kim ◽  
Eunjeong Cha
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Young Old

Owing to a growing older adult population, dementia is emerging as an important health issue. Given that maintaining cognitive functions is crucial for the prevention of dementia, this study aimed to identify the predictors of cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults, through a secondary data analysis of the 2017 National Survey of Older Koreans. A total of 9836 participants were classified into three age groups—young-old (65–74 years), old-old (75–84 years), and oldest-old (≥85 years)—and were separately analyzed using multiple linear regression models. The final model explained 28.0%, 35.0%, and 37.0% of variance in cognitive function in the three age groups, respectively. The most potent predictors of cognitive function in the young-old were electronic device-based activities, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and nutrition management; the predictors for the old-old group were electronic device-based activities, IADL, and dementia screening, and those for the oldest-old group were frequency of contact with acquaintances, traveling, and religion. Thus, age group-specific interventions are needed to effectively promote cognitive function among older adults. Digital literacy education, use of community-based elderly welfare programs, opportunities for social interactions, and physical activities can help older adults in maintaining a functional status and muscle strengthening.

scholarly journals Factors Impacting On Patient Compliance with Medical Advice: Empirical Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Krot ◽  
João Pedro Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Patient Compliance ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Medical Advice ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Group Satisfaction

Abstract The purpose of this paper to identify factors which have a bearing on compliance with medical advice in various age groups. The survey was conducted, using the CAWI method, on a representative sample of 1000 respondents who declared having used healthcare services in the previous six months. Control of competences is one of the strongest factors which is common for the oldest and youngest groups. Interestingly, trust in the integrity and honesty of doctors is significant for the youngest patients, i.e., the higher is the level of trust, the lower is the tendency to non-comply. Another type of trust is related to the benevolence of doctors and is significant to patients of the middle age group. Satisfaction is a significant predictor in the two oldest groups of patients. High levels of satisfaction seem to deter people from non-adherence to recommended treatment regimens. The results of the present study provide knowledge about the nature and diversity of factors behind patient compliance in various age groups.

scholarly journals Comorbid Conditions, Mental Health and Cognitive Functions in Adults with Fibromyalgia

2020 ◽  
pp. 019394592093742
Author(s):  
Sophie Taylor ◽  
Penny Furness ◽  
Simon Ashe ◽  
Sarah Haywood-Small ◽  
Kim Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Middle Adulthood ◽  
Comorbid Conditions

This study examined age group differences across adulthood in comorbid conditions, mental health, and cognitive function in people with fibromyalgia. Participants completed an online survey about how fibromyalgia affects their everyday life. Chi square analyses were conducted to examine associations between age groups and (a) comorbid conditions and (b) severity of anxiety and depression. ANOVA analyses examined age group differences on aspects of self-report cognitive function. The greatest prevalence of comorbid conditions was found in middle adulthood. Early adulthood was associated with more cases of severe anxiety with the lowest number of cases being in the oldest age group. Middle adulthood was associated with worse self-report pain compared to the youngest age group. Older adults showed better self-report cognitive function compared to younger adults. Distinct age profiles based on comorbid conditions, mental health, and symptom severity across adulthood in fibromyalgia have been demonstrated.

Expression of the part–whole semantic relation by 3- to 12-year-old children

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie E. Litowitz ◽  
Forrest A. Novy
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Semantic Relation ◽  
Developmental Theory ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Verbal Responses ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Two Age Groups

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the expression of the part–whole semantic relation by children 3 to 12 years of age. Controlling both task format (structured vs. open-ended) and dimensions associated with experimental stimuli (part-word vs. part-object; known whole vs. unknown whole), the verbal responses of two age groups of children were analysed. While results revealed the part–whole semantic relation expressible by even the youngest children, age-group comparisons indicated that the older children preferred its use significantly more often. The part–whole semantic relation was also observed to take several linguistic forms (partitive, spatial, possessive), the selection of which varied as a function of age, task format, and type of experimental stimuli. Findings are discussed relative to issues concerning research methodology, the elicitation and assessment of children's semantic knowledge, and cognitive developmental theory.

The Problem of Age-Groups: A Statistical Approach

PMLA ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 596-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlev W. Schumann
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Methodological Principle ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Wilhelm Dilthey ◽  
Literary Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Selection Of

In a previous article I criticized at some length the various approaches to the problem of cultural generations or age-groups in German thought from Goethe to the present day. As pointed out there, it was Wilhelm Dilthey who really developed this concept as a methodological principle. In this connection he once recommended the application of statistical methods to literary research. In spite of the great amount that has otherwise, particularly in recent years, been written on the subject in Germany, this suggestion of Dilthey's has never been followed up. To be sure, some authors, e.g. Hans von Müller, have given us long and laboriously compiled catalogues of authors listed according to their birth dates and on that basis periodized in age-groups. But neither the selection of names nor the dividing lines between the groups are based on any objective principle. Müller imposes a self-devised system of periodization on a self-selected list of representative writers. Nor is such subjectivity limited to this particular case. The entire methodological idea of age-groups based on birth dates has therefore widely fallen into disrepute as an unsound subjective fantasy. In my above-mentioned paper I expressed the hope of enhancing the validity of the age-group principle by trying to establish a truly objective basis. This problem had first presented itself to me in connection with studies in very recent German “Geistesgeschichte” and had led me to a statistical approach even before I was aware of Dilthey's demand for such.

Pediatric Restless Legs Syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1365-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Picchietti ◽  
Robert A. Arbuckle ◽  
Linda Abetz ◽  
Jeffrey S. Durmer ◽  
Anna Ivanenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Restless Legs

The specific aims of this study were to collect and analyze detailed symptom descriptions from patients with pediatric restless legs syndrome, ages 6 to 17 years, as well as assess symptom impact and the usefulness of drawings. Trained qualitative interviewers conducted face-to-face audio-recorded interviews of children and adolescents who met criteria for definite restless legs syndrome. Thirty-three patients in 3 age groups used 16 different categories of descriptors for restless legs sensations, with a mean of 3 or more categories used per patient in each age group. “Need to move/kick,” “pain/hurts,” “uncomfortable/cannot get comfortable,” and “like bugs or ants/crawling” were the most common descriptors. Two-thirds reported daytime sensations, and nearly half had arm involvement. They described impact on sleep, cognitive function, and affect. Drawings provided useful diagnostic information. These detailed empirical data will be useful in clinical practice, as well as in the development of formal diagnostic tools and severity measures.

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