scholarly journals HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE FORMATION OF HIGH-DENSITY LOW-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
O. A. Kryzhantovska ◽  
◽  
T. S. Rumilec ◽  
T. T. Morozova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
High Density ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Small House ◽  
The Uk

The article discusses key issues related to the historical prerequisites for the formation of a high-density low-rise residential development. This is a complex and long process, the stages of which took place at different times and in different countries of the world. Today, such a building is very promising for modern rapidly growing cities, so it is important to track the history of its formation and the features of such planning decisions at different times. Such architecture can become a new vector in the development of modern cities, because low-rise residential buildings are much more comfortable than high-rise buildings. The article gives examples of low-rise city houses in different histories and in different countries. The aim of this work is to review the historical background of the formation of modern high-density low-rise buildings. The following historical examples of low-rise high-density buildings are considered: early single-family residential buildings of the ancient settlements of Mesopotamia and Egypt, residential buildings in Ancient Greece and Rome, blocked residential buildings for workers in the 19th century. In the UK, townhouses of the 1920s and 30s. In the USA, etc. The article shows the planning decisions and the appearance of low-rise high-density residential buildings. The main features of such houses are quarterly development, large-scale man, blocked development and the presence of a small house area.

scholarly journals Energy efficiency and economic analysis of retrofit measures for single-family residential buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3 Part B) ◽  
pp. 2071-2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Harmathy ◽  
Danijela Urbancl ◽  
Darko Goricanec ◽  
Zoltán Magyar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Single Family

The research elaborates various solutions using detailed economic evaluation and energy efficiency calculation and simulation technology for formulating applicable, energy and cost-efficient retrofit solutions of single-family residential buildings located in temperate climate areas. Primarily the annual energy demand for a reference existing single-family residential building was determined. The economic analysis was performed for six formulated refurbishment scenarios in order to determine which of the scenarios will demonstrate optimal performance both in energy and cost efficiency. A feasibility study was performed for the most efficient scenario, which included an economic evaluation of low temperature radiant heating systems were three energy suppliers (oil, natural gas and electricity for air to water heat pump) were compared. According to financial analyses the optimal scenario includes the replacement of windows, installation of 15 cm expanded polystyrene thermal insulation, low temperature radiant floor heating, with a payback period of ten years.

scholarly journals Morphological analysis: to evaluate the pattern of Residential building based on wind performance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wowo Ding ◽  
Yihui Yang ◽  
Wei You ◽  
Yunlong Peng
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Urban Canopy ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
High Density ◽  
Canopy Layer ◽  
Wind Environment ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Improve Design ◽  
Morphological Patterns

Yihui Yang, Wei You, Yunlong Peng, Wowo Ding*, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, No.22 Hankou Rd, Jiangsu 210093, P.R.China. E-mail:[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],Phone number:15850561165, 13852293251, +86 25 83593020, Keyword: Residential plot, Apartment pattern, performance evaluation, wind environment Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology     Residential morphological patterns are reflection of people's living habits and tradition, local climate and building regulations, so that one of those factors could be studied through in order to understand residential morphological patterns. Based upon our previous study, we do know that in China living habits and local climate mainly influence the shape of residential buildings and apartment patterns, but we do not know whether the pattern of residential plots determined by FAR and sunshine hours are suitable for wind environment related to residential environmental quality. Therefore, it is very significant to evaluate wind environment within residential plots based on the apartment pattern controlled by various building codes. Our study focuses on the pattern of Slab apartments in Nanjing, which are mainly used in China, and selects 40 residential slices with different plot shapes, plot FAR, building heights and sizes. Based upon MATLAB, we have got all geometrical data between buildings among these slices to identify the spatial pattern character of each residential plot. Through evaluating wind environment of these slices by simulation we can obtain wind speed, pressure and age of air and choose the pattern of age of air as the main evaluation factor of wind performance. Correlation analysis will be made between the apartment patterns and pattern of age of air, by doing so, each typical space between buildings will be evaluated. Our study will reveal the relevance of apartment pattern and wind environment, which can be used to support and improve design in the future.   References（95 words） Oke. T. R (1988) ‘Street Design and Urban Canopy Layer Climate’, Energy and Buildings11, 103-113. Wowo Ding, Youpei Hu, Pingping Dou (2012) ‘Study on Interrelationship between Urban Pattern and Urban Microclimate’, Architectural Journal 527, 16-21. Edward Ng, Chao Yuan, Liang Chen, Chao Ren, Jimmy C.H. Fung (2011) ‘Improving the wind environment in high-density cities by understanding urban morphology and surface roughness: A study in Hong Kong’, Landscape and Urban Planning101, 59-74. Youpei Hu (2014) ‘A Performance-Oriented Study on the Morphological Optimization in a High Density Area Concerning Urban Heat Island Effect’, Architectural Journal 557, 23-29.           *corresponding author

scholarly journals The Methodology for Designing Residential Buildings with a Positive Energy Balance—Case Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 5162
Author(s):  
Bartosz Radomski ◽  
Tomasz Mróz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Balance Case ◽  
Adopted Model ◽  
Positive Energy Balance ◽  
Technical Solutions

The article presents the results of the application of an original methodology for designing residential buildings with a positive energy balance in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. The methodology was verified using a computational example involving the selection of a compromise solution for a single-family residential building with a positive energy balance located in Warsaw, Poland. Three different models of decision-makers’ preferences were created, taking into account selected decision sub-criteria. Three technical solutions were identified, permissible according to the principles and guidelines for designing buildings with a positive energy balance. As a result of the performed calculations, the final order of the analyzed variants was obtained, from the most preferred to the least accepted solution. Variant 2 is definitely the most advantageous solution, being the best in a group of 20 to 26 evaluation sub-criteria—depending on the adopted model of the decision-maker’s preferences. Its ranking index Ri ranged from 0.773 to 0.764, while for the other variants it was much lower and varied from 0.258 to 0.268 for variant 1, and from 0.208 to 0.226 for variant 3. The methodology used for the case study proved to be applicable. The developed methodology facilitates the process of designing residential buildings with a positive energy balance, which is an extremely complex process.

scholarly journals New Directions in Mental Health Care Evaluation

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-78
Author(s):  
Isaac Marks ◽  
Joseph Connolly ◽  
Matthijs Muijen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Health Care Evaluation ◽  
Evaluative Research ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Care Evaluation

Mental health care evaluation is a priority area as mental health care services are changing rapidly, more than are most other medical services. Budgets are finite, and there is concern for value for money in meeting the needs of patients and families. A one-day workshop brought together leading figures in the USA and Europe to discuss how a unit and consortium might be established to give cohesion and catalyse evaluative research in this fragmented field in the UK. Sound scientific data are available which have not yet been widely disseminated or used in policy making. There are rich opportunities for cross-national projects. The USA has intriguing innovations in evaluative research in mental health, some on a large scale, and these are relevant to the UK.

Analysis on the Passive Design Optimization for Unit-Divided Apartment Building in Lhasa Based on Survey and Simulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
En Li ◽  
Jia Ping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Central Heating ◽  
Passive Design ◽  
Local Measurements

During a time when environmental issues are one of the biggest problems in the world, the development and growth of developing cities can no longer be discounted. As a typical developing city, the building energy consumption of Lhasa had a large scale increase with the living standard enhancement of people. Through the local measurements, the information as indoor air temperature, the evaluation of the thermal environment and so on was collected. The result shows the existed residential buildings used the direct gain system and the attached solar space system spontaneously. However, the indoor thermal environment still needs to be improved. Considered that Lhasa was classified into central heating area, it will face the problem of huge increasing of the heating energy. The basic models of direct solar gain system were established for studying the affecting rules of passive design elements. The last result gives suggestion for the local residential building design.

scholarly journals Development and Verification of Prototypical Office Buildings Models Using the National Building Energy Consumption Survey in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3611
Author(s):  
Hye-Jin Kim ◽  
Do-Young Choi ◽  
Donghyun Seo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Policy Enforcement ◽  
Building Stock

In the early 2000s, the Korean government mandated the construction of only zero-energy residential buildings by 2025 and for non-residential buildings from 2030. Two decades since the start of building energy policy enforcement, Korean experts believe that it is time to evaluate its impact. However, few studies have systematically and extensively examined the energy consumption characteristics of the non-residential building stock. In this study, a framework development is implemented for defining non-residential prototypical office buildings based on Korea’s first large-scale non-residential building survey result from the Korea Energy Economics Institute (KEEI). Then, a detailed building energy model of the defined prototypical building is constructed to verify the model’s energy estimation against observed energy consumption. As an application of the model, a case study for energy policy evaluation utilizing the constructed prototypical building model is presented. Every researcher and county may have their own circumstances when gathering definition data. However, by using the best available representative data, this suggested framework may result in informed decisions regarding energy policy development and evaluation. In addition, the mitigation of greenhouse gases from buildings may be expedited.

scholarly journals Evidence-Based Development of Doctoral Education: The Landscape of Doctoral Students' Experience Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-113
Author(s):  
S. V. Zhuchkova
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Doctoral Education ◽  
Doctoral Programs ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Career Trajectories ◽  
Education Data ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
The Uk

Regular surveys of doctoral students on their career trajectories, satisfaction with the program and the learning process, with the organization of supervision, etc. are widespread in leading foreign universities. The results of such surveys are used to improve programs and assess the effect of the introduced measures. In Russia, however, there is a lack of empirical data on the doctoral students’ experience, which makes it impossible to identify and address the reasons for the low performance of the Russian doctoral education observed over the past few years. To support the discussion about the need for such monitoring surveys in Russia, this article presents the results of an analysis of open information from the websites of about 150 foreign institutions that organize doctoral student surveys at the national, cross-university, and institutional levels. The presented review shows how actively doctoral education data collection takes place in the USA, Canada, Australia, and the UK, where there are one or more large-scale projects stimulating the collection of data from several universities, and how the results of such research are used by universities, employers, and applicants. On the example of topics related to the motivation for entering doctoral programs, to the career trajectories of doctoral students, and to the organization of supervision, it is discussed how the described research practices can be used for the evidence-based development of Russian doctoral education.

Toward Efficient Residential Buildings in Hot and Humid Climates

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Al Qubaisi ◽  
Ali Al Alili
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Codes ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
Hot And Humid Climates ◽  
Systems Simulation ◽  
Building Standards

The design, construction, and operation of highly efficient residential buildings in hot and humid climates represent a unique challenge for architects, contractors, and building owners. In this paper, a case study on the performance of a residential building located in hot and humid location is presented. The building is a single-family house, which is modeled as a multi-zone building. The transient systems simulation program (TRNSYS) is used to simulate the building under Abu Dhabi’s typical meteorological year conditions. The results are presented in terms of the annual energy consumption and the indoor thermal comfort. The Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) is used to model the thermal comfort. In addition, the results of applying local building codes, Estidama, and international building codes, ASHRAE 90.2 and LEED, on the building’s performance are compared. The results will help in finding the effectiveness of these building standards in reducing the energy consumption of residential building in hot and humid regions.

‘Bringing it All Back Home’ - Using RDD Telephone Methods for Large-scale Social Policy and Opinion Research in the UK

1998 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Dominic McVey ◽  
Nick Moon ◽  
Iain Noble
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Telephone Surveys ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Health Related Behaviour ◽  
Opinion Polls ◽  
Random Digit Dialling

Despite the extent of telephone ownership in the UK rising to levels comparable with those in the USA the use of telephone methods here, although growing, remains at a consistently and significantly lower level, even where the use of such methods might solve specific research problems. The major reason for this is the hitherto presumed inability to apply two stage Random Digit Dialling (Mitofsky-Waksberg) sampling methods. The authors review the position in the UK and the deficiencies of telephone sampling methods used there hitherto. They present proposals for a new method of implementing RDD in the UK and thus true probability sampling for telephone methods. In addition they present data from a number of surveys carried out to test the proposed methods, in particular a survey of health related behaviour and beliefs among adults aged 16-74 in England and a number of opinion polls. They also review briefly other polls carried out during the 1997 General Election campaign. They review the effectiveness of the proposed method and the possible future for telephone surveys in the UK.

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