The Concept of Religion in Meiji Popular Discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-62
Author(s):  
Makoto Harris Takao
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Conceptual History ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Popular Discourse ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract This article challenges claims that the Japanese neologism shūkyō (as a translation for “religionȍ) lacked an established nature prior to the twentieth century and had little to do with experiences of the urban masses. It accordingly problematizes the term as a largely legal concept, highlighting historical newspapers as underutilized sources that offer insight into Meiji popular discourse and attendant conceptualizations of “religion.” This article endorses a shift in both our chronological understanding of shūkyō's conceptual history as well as its sociocultural mobility. By expanding the milieu understood as being familiar with debates on a range of “religious” issues, this article thereby offers a counter-narrative in which regular use of shūkyō begins to clearly emerge from the mid-1880s, exponentially increasing with the following decades.

The Concept of Religion in Meiji Popular Discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-62
Author(s):  
Makoto Harris Takao
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Conceptual History ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Popular Discourse ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
Insight Into

This article challenges claims that the Japanese neologism shūkyō (as a translation for “religion”) lacked an established nature prior to the twentieth century and had little to do with experiences of the urban masses. It accordingly problematizes the term as a largely legal concept, highlighting historical newspapers as underutilized sources that offer insight into Meiji popular discourse and attendant conceptualizations of “religion.” This article endorses a shift in both our chronological understanding of shūkyō’s conceptual history as well as its sociocultural mobility. By expanding the milieu understood as being familiar with debates on a range of “religious” issues, this article thereby offers a counter-narrative in which regular use of shūkyō begins to clearly emerge from the mid-1880s, exponentially increasing with the following decades.

The Changing Face of Irish Ireland: Séamus Ó Grianna's and Éilís Ní Dhuibhne's Fictions of the Donegal Gaeltacht

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-380
Author(s):  
Ríona Nic Congáil
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Women's Movement ◽  
Irish Language ◽  
Shared Interest ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Historical Fact ◽  
Insight Into

Séamus Ó Grianna and Éilís Ní Dhuibhne, whose lifespans overlapped only briefly, rank among the most prolific Irish writers of the twentieth century. Their bilingualism, moreover, offers them access to two languages, cultures, and viewpoints. Their shared interest in the Donegal Gaeltacht during the revivalist period, and their use of fiction to explore and represent it, provide their readers with a remarkable insight into the changing ideologies of twentieth-century Ireland, and particularly Irish-Ireland, touching on broad issues that are linguistic, cultural, political, gendered, and spatial. This essay begins by analyzing the narrative similarities between Ó Grianna's Mo Dhá Róisín and Ní Dhuibhne's Hiring Fair Trilogy, and proceeds to examine how both writers negotiate historical fact, the Irish language, the performance of Gaelic culture, the burgeoning women's movement, and the chasm between rural and urban Ireland of the revival. Through this approach, the essay demonstrates that the fictions of these two writers reveal as much about their own agendas and the dominant ideas of the epoch in which they were writing, as they do about life in the Donegal Gaeltacht in the early twentieth century.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

The Anthropological Lens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Morton
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Social Accountability ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Local People ◽  
South Sudanese ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Encounters ◽  
Anthropological Literature ◽  
Insight Into

Sir Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard (1902-1973) is widely considered the most influential British anthropologist of the twentieth century, known to generations of students for his seminal works on South Sudanese ethnography Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande (OUP 1937) and The Nuer (OUP 1940). In these works, now classics in the anthropological literature, Evans-Pritchard broke new ground on questions of rationality, social accountability, kinship, social and political organization, and religion, as well as influentially moving the discipline in Britain away from the natural sciences and towards history. Yet despite much discussion about his theoretical contributions to anthropology, no study has yet explored his fieldwork in detail in order to get a better understanding of its historical contexts, local circumstances or the social encounters out of which it emerged. This book then is just such an exploration, of Evans-Pritchard the fieldworker through the lens of his fieldwork photography. Through an engagement with his photographic archive, and by thinking with it alongside his written ethnographies and other unpublished evidence, the book offers a new insight into the way in which Evans-Pritchard’s theoretical contributions to the discipline were shaped by his fieldwork and the numerous local people in Africa with whom he collaborated. By writing history through field photographs we move back towards the fieldwork experiences, exploring the vivid traces, lived realities and local presences at the heart of the social encounter that formed the basis of Evans-Pritchard’s anthropology.

scholarly journals Polluting pharmaceutical atmospheres: Compulsion, resistance, and symbolism of buprenorphine in Norway

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-285
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Bartoszko
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Opioid Substitution Treatment ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
The Social ◽  
Institutional Forces ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Opioid Substitution

This article offers a counter narrative to the current ethnographic studies on treatment with buprenorphine, in which notions of promised and experienced normality dominate. In some countries, introduction of buprenorphine led to a perceived “normalisation” of opioid substitution treatment, and this new modality was well received. However, in Norway the response has been almost the opposite: patients have reacted with feelings of disenfranchisement, failure, and mistrust. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Norway, this article offers comparative insight into local experiences and subjectivities in the context of the globalisation of buprenorphine. By outlining the ethnographic description of the pharmaceutical atmosphere of forced transfers to buprenorphine-naloxone, I show that the social history of the medication is as significant as its pharmacological qualities for various treatment effects. An analysis of the reactions to this treatment modality highlights the reciprocal shaping of lived experiences and institutional forces surrounding pharmaceutical use in general and opioids in particular.

ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Leftist Newspapers and Periodicals

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Price Information ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
Search Function ◽  
Advanced Search ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pdf Format ◽  
Database Content ◽  
Insight Into

ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Leftist Newspapers and Periodicals is a source for leftist publications (mostly newspapers), largely published in the twentieth century. Here, the user can access articles in PDF format from 156 national and international publications. Navigating this database and the documents therein can be easily done, but articles cannot be magnified or reduced, which may prove problematic with PDFs of old newspapers. Database content can be found through browsing or by using a basic and/or advanced search. The browse and basic search options here are understandable, but the advanced search is not self-explanatory and can possibly confuse the user. As a consequence, a new user of this database will probably benefit from instruction in its use from either the vendor or someone else familiar with this resource. However, when this search function is used properly it can produce numerous, on-point results for any query. The same is true of the basic search and browsing features, though they tend to produce larger lists of results that are less on-point than the advanced search. The vendor did not provide specific price information for this review, only indicating that pricing is determined by an institution's size and number of users. As this provides potential subscribers with very little insight into the cost of acquiring this resource, its advised that they contact ProQuest for a price quote tailored to their own institution. Its licensing agreement is the same as those used for all ProQuest databases and is average in its composition (though somewhat longer than average). The quality and quantity of content in this resource is notable, and it will certainly be of use to those looking for articles from leftist newspapers and periodicals. However, the definition of “leftist” here may be problematic for some users! Communist and Socialist publications are certainly available in this database, but those for Anarchists, Social Democrats, and other leftists are not.

A Welcome Conversation: Toward a New Historiography of Intellectual Property

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (03) ◽  
pp. 1113-1129
Author(s):  
Kali Murray
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
The Body ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Narrative Structures ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay considers what tools should be used to study the legal history of intellectual property. I identify three historiographical strategies: narration, contest, and formation. Narration identifies the diverse “narrative structures” that shape the field of intellectual property history. Contest highlights how the inherent instability of intellectual property as a legal concept prompts recurrent debates over its meaning. Formation recognizes how intellectual property historians can offer insight into broader legal history debates over how to consider the relationship between informal social practices and formalized legal mechanisms. I consider Kara W. Swanson's Banking on the Body: The Market in Blood, Milk and Sperm in Modern America (2014) in light of these historiographical strategies and conclude that Swanson's book guides us to a new conversation in the legal history of intellectual property law.

scholarly journals Del paternalismo a la protección de la maternidad: un proceso de inconvenientes | From paternalism to maternity protection: a process of inconvenience

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Rafael Díaz Moya
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Social Condition ◽  
Labor Protection ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Private Provision ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
Siglo Xx

Al exponer la trayectoria de la protección de la maternidad, partiendo de un tipo previsión privada a principios del siglo XX, encontramos una visión del concepto jurídico de la maternidad, inexistente hasta la Ley Dato y su Reglamento en 1900, caracterizado por una condición social de la mujer basada en la crianza de los hijos y el cuidado del hogar, hecho que se trasladaría al mundo laboral mediante la consideración jurídica de un ser inferior.  A través de una menor remuneración y mayor restricción educativa eran las formas patronales, en defecto de protección laboral por las Juntas locales de Reformas Sociales y de protección sindical por las pugnas entre la CNT y la UGT, para desembocar en una gran desigualdad de derechos que revertía en el incumplimiento de la legislación protectora de la acción social que intentaría evitar la II República especialmente con la inclusión de la protección del trabajo de la mujer como derecho constitucional.__________________________By exposing the trajectory of maternity protection, starting from a private provision at the beginning of the twentieth century, we find a vision of the legal concept of maternity, nonexistent until the Dato Law and its Regulations in 1900, characterized by a social condition of the woman based on the someone’s charge of the children and the care of the home, fact that would be transferred to the labor world through the legal consideration of an inferior being. Through lower remuneration and greater educational restriction were the employers' forms, in the absence of labor protection by the local Social Reform Boards and union protection by the disputes between the CNT and the UGT, to agree a great inequality of rights that reversed in the breach of the legislation protecting social action that the Second Republic tried to avoid, especially with the inclusion of the protection of women's work as a constitutional right.

scholarly journals Object Lessons: W. E. B. Du Bois and the Sturm und Drang of Race Childhood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freeden Blume Blume Oeur
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Young People ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Moral Exemplar ◽  
Sturm Und Drang ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
Object Lessons ◽  
Object Lesson ◽  
Recapitulation Theory

While originally referring to the use of material objects to convey abstract ideas, “object lesson” took on a second meaning at the turn of the twentieth century. This particular connotation—denoting a person and leader as moral exemplar—reveals fault lines between the thinking of W. E. B. Du Bois and G. Stanley Hall on young people. Through his own adoption of the German ideals of sturm und drang and bildungsroman, as well as “aftershadowing”—a recalibration of ideas and reflections on his own family genealogy, childhood, and intellectual lineages—Du Bois made ideological claims that were a counter-narrative to Hall’s recapitulation theory.

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