scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PRE-PLANTING TREATMENT OF SEEDLINGS WITH BACTERIAL STRAINS ON THE VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION OF GARDEN STRAWBERRIES

Author(s):  
A. A. Belyaev ◽  
A. A. Shakhristova

   In field experiments of the strawberry queen bee, it was found that pre-planting treatment of the root system of seedlings with bacterial biopreparation Phytop 8.67, at a concentration of 1×105 CFU/ml, as well as its tank mixture with humic preparation Phoenix, 0.05% gave the greatest efficiency – stimulation of vegetative reproduction of plants by 3.9-4.9 rosettes /plant (by 24-32 %) relative to control was observed. At the same time, it should be noted that the effect of the tank mixture Phytop 8.67, 1×105 CFU/ml + Phoenix, 0.05 % statistically significantly (P<0.05) exceeded all other options for stimulating vegetative reproduction of plants.

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-293
Author(s):  
Barbara Łacicowa ◽  
Zofia Machowicz

The results obtained in pot and field experiments have shown that <i>Helminthosporium sorokinianum</i> is able to infect bean plants. The cotyledons and roots of shoots during the first three weeks of growth are attacked the most frequently. Dark brown spots occur on the above-mentined organs. The infection of roots and cotyledonsof shoots is responsible for gangrene both before and after germination. Infected plants which remain alive only show symptoms of infection in the root system. The infection of roots by <i>H. sorokinianum</i> in older plants is detromental to growth and causes a decrease in the vield obtained from bean plants.


2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 442-442
Author(s):  
C.A. Dowsett ◽  
T.K. James

Chilean flame creeper is a summer active perennial vine growing to 5 m or more It has an extensive rhizomatous root system and has proved very difficult to control with herbicides Both the above and below ground stems are soft without any tough outer skin or bark For these studies plants were grown in 50 litre tubs in Waikato and Southland and four replicate tubs were destructively harvested at monthly intervals to measure the root structure and top growth Plant material for both studies was sourced from an infestation at Mangaweka The rhizomes appeared to be entirely replaced with none of the remaining original root fragments sprouting in the second year Also the growing rhizomes initiated secondary rhizomes before they emerged It appears that this is the reason this species is difficult to control as the herbicides were not translocating into the secondary rhizomes The growth of Chilean flame creeper from Waikato and Southland was markedly different After 4 months growth the Waikato plants averaged 151 mm of primary rhizome and nine emerged shoots while Southland plants averaged 116 mm of rhizome and three emerged shoots At this time however plants grown in both locations had tertiary rhizomes


Author(s):  
Mahdi A Yahia ◽  
Mohammed M Hassan ◽  
Muntasir A M Elamien ◽  
Nasreldin K Abdalla ◽  
Ahmed M E Rugheim ◽  
...  

A series of laboratory and field experiments were undertaken at the laboratories and experimental farm of Environment, Natural Resources and Desertification Research Institute, NCR and Shendi Research Station experimental farm, ARC, Sudan at season 2015-2016, to evaluate efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus megatherium var. Phosphaticum (BMP), Rhizobium leguminosarum (TAL1399) and the herbicide imazethapyr (pursuit) against Orobanche crenata infesting faba bean. Treatments were laid out in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) in laboratory experiment and in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in the field experiments with four replicates. Results of laboratory experiments showed that T. harzianum and Imazethapyr each alone or in combination significantly reduced O. crenata germination. Field results revealed that, application of T. harzianum, Imazethapyr and Imazethapyr + BMP+TAL1399 significantly delayed the days of O. crenata emergence in Shendi and Soba sites. T. harzianum alone or in combination with bacteria or imazethapyr significantly reduced number of O. crenata emergence and increased faba bean plant height as compared to the corresponding control in Shendi and Soba sites. T. harzanium alone or in combination with T. harzanium + BMP+TAL1399 significantly increased faba bean biomass, pod/plant and grain yield and 100 seed weight insignificantly as compared to the infested control in Shendi and Soba sites.


2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 3813-3819
Author(s):  
Piotr Szulc ◽  
Katarzyna Ambroży-Deręgowska ◽  
Iwona Mejza ◽  
Daria Szymanowska ◽  
Joanna Kobus-Cisowska ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo A. Palta ◽  
Xing Chen ◽  
Stephen P. Milroy ◽  
Greg J. Rebetzke ◽  
M. Fernanda Dreccer ◽  
...  

There is little consensus on whether having a large root system is the best strategy in adapting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to water-limited environments. We explore the reasons for the lack of consensus and aim to answer the question of whether a large root system is useful in adapting wheat to dry environments. We used unpublished data from glasshouse and field experiments examining the relationship between root system size and their functional implication for water capture. Individual root traits for water uptake do not describe a root system as being large or small. However, the recent invigoration of the root system in wheat by indirect selection for increased leaf vigour has enlarged the root system through increases in root biomass and length and root length density. This large root system contributes to increasing the capture of water and nitrogen early in the season, and facilitates the capture of additional water for grain filling. The usefulness of a vigorous root system in increasing wheat yields under water-limited conditions maybe greater in environments where crops rely largely on seasonal rainfall, such as the Mediterranean-type environments. In environments where crops are reliant on stored soil water, a vigorous root system increases the risk of depleting soil water before completion of grain filling.


Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Soteres ◽  
Don S. Murray

Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to describe the root system of honeyvine milkweed [Cynanchum laeve(Michx.) Pers.], and to study factors affecting the growth of plants from root fragments of shallow, ascending roots. The root system of a typical plant was composed of lateral roots radiating from a sparsely-branched, vertical taproot. Laterals tended to concentrate in a boundary area between a loamy surface soil and a zone of clay accumulation, this boundary area being below the zone of cultivation. Vertical taproots were found to a depth of 2 m, with sections collected at this and shallower depths demonstrating the ability to produce aerial shoots. In laboratory studies, root sections were killed either by freezing for 2 h or by drying at either 20 or 30 C for 24 h. The optimum temperature for shoot development from root sections was between 20 and 30 C. Shoot emergence and growth from buried root sections were generally unaffected by either depth of planting or root length. As many as 45 daughter shoots were produced from a single plant originating from seed, and 27 daughter shoots were developed from a root section 131 days after planting. The maximum distance daughter shoots were observed from original plants 131 days after planting was 111 cm.


2017 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Maria Jastrzębska ◽  
Joanna Karcz ◽  
Ewa Karwowska ◽  
Alicja Fiedorczuk ◽  
Andrzej Olszyna

This study aims to describe the influence of adding graphene oxide to TiO2-noble metal (Me=Ag, Au or Pd) composite nanoparticles on their bioactivity (formation of RGO/TiO2-Me nanocomposite system). The obtained nanocomposite flakes and reference TiO2-Me nanoparticles were characterized using SEM, HRTEM and XPS spectroscopy, N2 sorption analysis and helium pycnometer. The analysis of the antibacterial properties of synthesized nanocomposites revealed a growth inhibiting effect of TiO2-Ag particles on gram positive bacteria such as: Staphylococcus aureus, Sarcina lutea and Bacillus subtilis. In the case of nanocomposite flakes containing RGO the visible changes in bacteriostatic properties were observed, including unexpected reversal of the antimicrobial activity of silver-containing nanoparticles into the stimulation of growth of applied bacterial strains. The stimulation of growth was not observed for TiO2-Au and Pd nanoparticles deposited on the surface of RGO.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingsheng Qi ◽  
Jeffrey C. Berry ◽  
Kira Veley ◽  
Lily O’Connor ◽  
Omri M. Finkel ◽  
...  

AbstractBackgroundDrought is a major abiotic stress that limits agricultural productivity. Previous field-level experiments have demonstrated that drought decreases microbiome diversity in the root and rhizosphere and may lead to enrichment of specific groups of microbes, such as Actinobacteria. How these changes ultimately affect plant health is not well understood. In parallel, model systems have been used to tease apart the specific interactions between plants and single, or small groups of microbes. However, translating this work into crop species and achieving increased crop yields within noisy field settings remains a challenge. Thus, the next scientific leap forward in microbiome research must cross the great lab-to-field divide. Toward this end, we combined reductionist, transitional and ecological approaches, applied to the staple cereal crop sorghum to identify key beneficial and detrimental, root associated microbes that robustly affect drought stressed plant phenotypes.ResultsFifty-three bacterial strains, originally characterized for association with Arabidopsis, were applied to sorghum seeds and their effect on root growth was monitored for seven days. Two Arthrobacter strains, members of the Actinobacteria phylum, caused root growth inhibition (RGI) in Arabidopsis and sorghum. In the context of synthetic communities, strains of Variovorax were able to protect both Arabidopsis and sorghum from the RGI caused by Arthrobacter. As a transitional system, we tested the synthetic communities through a 24-day high-throughput sorghum phenotyping assay and found that during drought stress, plants colonized by Arthrobacter were significantly smaller and had reduced leaf water content as compared to control plants. However, plants colonized by both Arthrobacter and Variovorax performed as well or better than control plants. In parallel, we performed a field trial wherein sorghum was evaluated across well-watered and drought conditions. Drought responsive microbes were identified, including an enrichment in Actinobacteria, consistent with previous findings. By incorporating data on soil properties into the microbiome analysis, we accounted for experimental noise with a newly developed method and were then able to observe that the abundance of Arthrobacter strains negatively correlated with plant growth. Having validated this approach, we cross-referenced datasets from the high-throughput phenotyping and field experiments and report a list of high confidence bacterial taxa that positively associated with plant growth under drought stress.ConclusionsA three-tiered experimental system connected reductionist and ecological approaches and identified beneficial and deleterious bacterial strains for sorghum under drought stress.


Author(s):  
М. М. Маренич ◽  
С. О. Юрченко

В лабораторних і польових дослідах досліджували вплив різних концентрацій біологічно активних речовин, протруйників та їх композицій на лабораторну і польову схожість насіння, розвиток рослин на початкових стадіях розвитку. Встановлено, що застосування протруйників може не зменшувати енергію проростання насіння, але біологічно активні речовини стимулювали цей показник. Застосування гумінових стимуляторів росту сприяло як збільшенню показника енергії проростання, так і інтенсифікації процесів росту та розвитку рослин. Обробка насіння радостимом сприяла збільшенню польової схожості на 2–4 %, а у варіантах з лігногуматом натрію – на 5–6 %. Застосування у рекомендованих дозах для обробки насіння сприяло збільшенню польової схожості на 7–9 % для «Гуміфілда» і на 10–15 % для «1R Seedtreatment». У варіантах з радостимом абсолютно суха маса надземної частини рослин зросла на 13,8–20,6 %, а маса кореневої системи – на 16–25 %. Обробка насіння лігногуматом сприяла збільшенню маси надземної частини і кореневої системи відповідно на 17–19,5 % і 12,7–31 %. У варіантах з гуміфілдом зростання надземної частини становило в середньому 24,8 %, а кореневої системи – 26,3 %, а в разі застосування більшої удвічі дози «1R Seedtreatment» – відповідно 37,5 і 40,6 %! На варіантах, де застосовувалася суміш   «Максим Стар 025 FS», 1,5 л/т + «Гуміфілд» 0,5 л/т в середньому зафіксували збільшення маси надземної частини на 13,9 % та кореневої системи на 15,4 %, а на варіантах із сумішшю «Максим Стар 025 FS», 1,5 л/т + 1R 1,0 л/т – 25,6 і 26,2 % відповідно. Зроблено висновок про доцільність комбінування сумішей для допосівної обробки насіння з метою зменшення негативного впливу протруйників на показники енергії проростання та польової схожості рослин. In laboratory and field experiments we studied influencing of different concentrations of biologically active substances, disinfectants and their compositions on laboratory and field seed germination, development of plants on the initial stages of development. We found that application of disinfectants can not diminish germination energy of seed, but biologically active substances stimulated this index. Humic growth stimulators contributed  both increase of germination energy index and intensification of plants growth and development processes. Treatment of seed by the «Radostim» contributed  the increase of the field seed germination on 2–4 %, and in variants with «Lignogumat of sodium» – on 5–6 %. Application in the ordered doses for the seed treatment contributed in the increase of the field seed germination on 7–9 % for «Gumifild» and on 10–15 % for «1R of Seedtreatment». In variants with «Radostim» absolutely dry mass of above-ground part of plants grew on 13,8–20,6 %, and mass of the root system – on 16–25 %. «Lignogumat» contributed in the increase of mass of above-ground part and root system accordingly on 17–19,5 % and 12,7–31 %. In variants with «Gumifild» growth of above-ground part was  on average 24,8 %, and root system – 26,3 %, and in the case of application of greater twice dose of «1R  Seedtreatment» – accordingly 37,5 and 40,6 %. On variants where mixture «Max Star 025 FS», 1,5 l/t + «Gumifild» 0,5 l/t was used on average fixed the increase of mass of above-ground part on 13,9 %,  root system – on 15,4 %, and on variants with mixture «Max Star 025 FS», 1,5 l/t + «1R» 1,0 l/t it was 25,6 and 26,2 % accordingly. We came to the conclusion about expedience of combining of mixtures pre-sowing seed treatment with the purpose of diminishing of the negative influencing of disinfectants on the indexes of germination energy and field seed germination of plants.


2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Klimek-Kopyra ◽  
Tomasz Głąb ◽  
Tadeusz Zając ◽  
Agnieszka Stokłosa ◽  
Bogdan Kulig

Root competition for below-ground resources between edible plants may provide for long-term sustainability of agriculture systems. Intercropping can be more productive than a pure crop due to taking advantage of the morphological differences between species. In pure cropping, all biophysical interactions between plants occur through soil conditions. In intercropping, competition for water and nutrients is of major importance, but if the roots of one species occupy the zone just underneath the roots of the other crop, they can better use the resources of the root zone of the crop. The root system demonstrates a high degree of plasticity in its development in response to local heterogeneity of the soil profile and plant density. This study aimed at determining: (i) the morphological characteristics of the root systems of linseed, pea and vetch depending on the method of sowing; (ii) the root distribution in various soil types and at different soil profile depths (0–15 cm, 15–30 cm). Two three-year field experiments were conducted on two soil types in south Poland: soil A – Luvic Phaeozem (s1) and soil B – Eutric Cambisol (s2). These results show that linseed was more aggressive toward both legumes in mixture, but it produced lower yield compared to pure cropping. The environmental stress of plants in mixtures increased the relative weight of roots, which resulted in decreasing the root-shoot ratio (RSR).


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