Symposium review: The uterine microbiome associated with the development of uterine disease in dairy cows

In this review, updated and precise definitions of the most common postpartum uterine diseases in dairy cows are provided. An aberrant uterine environment at inappropriate stages of the reproductive cycle inflicts damage to gametes and zygotes, impairing the reproductive performance of dairy cows. This involves major economic losses for the milk production unit. Consequently, an accurate diagnosis of postpartum uterine diseases is indispensable for practitioners to set up a prompt and efficient treatment. This review furthermore emphasizes on the new perspectives regarding diagnosis and treatment of subclinical endometritis, a highly prevalent uterine disease that is often overlooked by practitioners while causing major reproductive problems. Based on a more profound clinical understanding of the postpartum uterine disease complex, practitioners will be able to better use the available diagnostic tools and therefore apply a more efficient therapeutic approach.

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Association of bovine uterine involution disturbances with serum neuropeptide concentrations

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2020.1854-1857 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1854-1857

Author(s):

Aida Abultdinova ◽

Isatay Jakupov ◽

Joachim Roth ◽

Klaus Failing ◽

Axel Wehrend ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Serum ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Normative Values ◽

Uterine Disease ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Uterine Involution ◽

Significant Difference

Background and Aim: Puerperal diseases influence fertility and should be diagnosed as soon as possible. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of serum concentrations of substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and interleukin (IL)1β in the early diagnosis of uterine involution disturbances. Materials and Methods: Blood serum samples of 86 dairy cows from six different farms were harvested within the first 20 days after calving from cows with uterine involution disturbances and healthy controls, respectively. Serum concentrations for SP, VIP, and IL-1β were determined using commercially available ELISA test kits. Statistical analyses included timely changes in blood serum levels and group comparisons of healthy cows and cows with uterine disease. Results: SP concentrations increased significantly within 20 days after calving (p<0.04) with no significant difference observed between the groups. Moreover, no significant differences were found between VIP and log IL-1β. Conclusion: Results showed that none of the examined serum parameters seems suitable as indicator of uterine involution disorders. Due to the timely changes in serum concentrations of SP after calving, a correlation to diseases might not be precluded. Further research is needed as regards the establishment of normative values concerning this parameter.

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Uterine inflammation affects the reproductive performance of dairy cows: A review

Agronomía Mesoamericana ◽

10.15517/ma.v29i2.29852 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 449

Author(s):

Roger Eduardo Molina-Coto ◽

Matthew C. Lucy

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Post Partum ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Uterine Disease ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Multiple Challenges ◽

The Moment ◽

Uterine Diseases

Incidence of post- partum uterine disease is an important concern in dairy cattle, because it affects its reproduction. Therefore, the objective of this review of literature was to generate a multifactorial overview about uterine diseases, and the reproductive performance of dairy cows, from a zootechnical approach. Dairy cows face multiple challenges around parturition. Immune suppression around calving, exposition to trauma and uterine bacterial contamination, metabolic diseases, lactation, and changes in management make dairy cows susceptible to uterine diseases. Most cows are able to eliminate uterine infection after calving, however, some cows keep uterine disease. Uterine disease may show clinical signs, but also silent signs that affect fertility as well. Poor reproductive performance is not caused by those signs by themselves, but due to alterations in ovarian and uterine function. Also, the problem of this silent signs is that farmers become aware of the disease when it has already caused negative effects on the reproductiveperformance. Sometimes, uterine disease is still present at the moment of the first service after calving. Uterine diseasemake it harder for cows to get pregnant because it affects the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, being another cause for infertility, increasing the cull rate and decreasing incomes from the dairy industry.

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Preventing Postpartum Uterine Disease in Dairy Cattle Depends on Avoiding, Tolerating and Resisting Pathogenic Bacteria

10.20944/preprints201908.0140.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Iain Sheldon ◽

Paula C C Molinari ◽

Thomas J R Ormsby ◽

John J Bromfield

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Tissue Damage ◽

Genital Tract ◽

Tissue Repair ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Transition Period ◽

Metabolic Stress ◽

Uterine Disease ◽

Defensive Strategies ◽

Pathogen Burden

Up to forty percent of dairy cows can develop metritis or endometritis when bacteria infect the uterus after parturition. However, it is unclear why other cows exposed to similar pathogens do not develop uterine disease. We suggest that resilient dairy cows prevent the development of uterine disease using the three complimentary defensive strategies of avoiding, tolerating and resisting infection with pathogenic bacteria. Avoidance maintains health by limiting the exposure to pathogens. Avoidance includes intrinsic behaviors to prevent exposure to pathogens or infected animals, perhaps signaled by the fetid odor of uterine disease. Tolerance improves health by limiting the tissue damage caused by the pathogen burden. Tolerance depends on controlling the tissue damage that pathogens cause in the endometrium by neutralizing bacterial toxins, enhancing tissue repair, and inducing adaptive metabolic responses. Resistance improves health by limiting the pathogen burden. Resistance relies on the immune system generating an inflammatory response in the endometrium to eliminate pathogenic bacteria. People who manage dairy cows can also help prevent uterine disease by using extended lactations, avoiding trauma to the genital tract, maintaining hygiene, and supplying appropriate nutrition during the transition period and after parturition to counter the metabolic stress of lactation. Developing new ways to prevent uterine disease depends on increasing our understanding of the mechanisms of avoidance, tolerance and resistance to pathogens in the postpartum uterus.

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Evaluation of peripartal calcium status, energetic profile, and neutrophil function in dairy cows at low or high risk of developing uterine disease

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2012-5812 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 95 (12) ◽

pp. 7158-7172 ◽

Cited By ~ 188

Author(s):

N. Martinez ◽

C.A. Risco ◽

F.S. Lima ◽

R.S. Bisinotto ◽

L.F. Greco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Neutrophil Function ◽

Uterine Disease ◽

Calcium Status

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Symposium review: Modulating adipose tissue lipolysis and remodeling to improve immune function during the transition period and early lactation of dairy cows

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2017-13340 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 101 (3) ◽

pp. 2737-2752 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

G. Andres Contreras ◽

Clarissa Strieder-Barboza ◽

Jenne De Koster

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Immune Function ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Transition Period ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Symposium Review ◽

Adipose Tissue Lipolysis

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Association of bovine uterine involution disturbances with serum neuropeptide concentrations

10.21203/rs.2.17210/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Aida Abultdinova ◽

Issatay Jakupov ◽

Joachim Roth ◽

Klaus Failing ◽

Axel Wehrend ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Serum ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Normative Values ◽

Uterine Disease ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Uterine Involution ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Puerperal diseases influence fertility and should be diagnosed as soon as possible. The present study aimed to evaluate the applicability of serum concentrations of substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and IL‑1β in the early diagnosis of uterine involution disturbances. Blood serum samples of 86 dairy cows from 6 different farms were harvested within the first 20 days after calving from cows with uterine involution disturbances and healthy controls, respectively. Serum concentrations for SP, VIP and IL‑1β were determined using commercially available ELISA test kits. Statistical analyses included timely changes in blood serum levels and group comparisons of healthy cows and cows with uterine disease. Results: SP-concentrations increased significantly within 20 days after calving (P < 0.04) with no significant difference between the groups. No significant differences could be shown for VIP and logIL-1β. Conclusion: None of the examined serum parameters seems suitable as indicator of uterine involution disorders. Due to the timely changes in serum concentrations of SP after calving, a correlation to diseases might not be precluded though. Further research is needed with regard to the establishment of normative values concerning this parameter.

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