Energy, nitrogen partitioning, and methane emissions in dairy goats differ when an isoenergetic and isoproteic diet contained orange leaves and rice straw crop residues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fernández ◽  
T. Romero ◽  
J.V. Martí ◽  
V.J. Moya ◽  
I. Hernando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Nitrogen Partitioning ◽  
Dairy Goats

scholarly journals Inclusion of lemon leaves and rice straw into compound feed and its effect on nutrient balance, milk yield, and methane emissions in dairy goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (7) ◽  
pp. 6178-6189
Author(s):  
T. Romero ◽  
I. Pérez-Baena ◽  
T. Larsen ◽  
J. Gomis-Tena ◽  
J.J. Loor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Dairy Goats

Production and utilization of crop residues for ruminant feeding in Aliero Lga Of Kebbi State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
M.A. Muftau ◽  
A.A. Kwaido ◽  
M.S. Ayuba ◽  
N. Kadi ◽  
A. Tambuwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Self Production ◽  
Land Size

An investigation of the production and utilization of crop residues for ruminant feeding in five villages within Aliero Local Government Area of Kebbi State was carried out using a structured questioner which was administered to 75 respondents. The data collected was analyzed by using simple statistical tool such as frequency distribution and percentage. The study revealed that 47.95% of the respondents were farmers with more than half (52.41%) had 5-8 members in their family. Mixed farming is common to all the respondents with cereal and legumes crops combination alongside with cattle, sheep, and goats rearing. Some crop residues such as maize stover, rice straw, etc are available all year round since they are generated both at rainy and dry season in the study area. Maize/sorghum/millet stovers and groundnut/cowpea straws plays a major part in ruminant feeding in the study area. The level of cultivation, production and utilization of crop residues as observed in this study depends on the land size, season of production and flock size amongst others. Most of the respondents (39.74%) source their crop residues from self-production and the type of crop residues are those from groundnut/cowpea straws, maize/millet/sorghum stovers and rice straws. The present study revealed the potential of crop residues not only as ruminant feeding but also as a means of livelihood among the respondents. Keywords: Production, Utilization, Crop residues, Livestock.

scholarly journals KECERNAAN NDF DAN ADF YANG MENDAPAT SUPLEMENTASI UREA MOLASSES MULTINUTRIENT BLOCK (UMMB) DARI BEBERAPA JENIS LIMBAH PERTANIAN DAN RUMPUT LAPANG PADA SAPI PERANAKAN ONGOLE (PO)

ZOOTEC ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Giandi Grahadi Turangan ◽  
B. Tulung ◽  
Y.R.L. Tulung ◽  
M.R. Waani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Peanut Straw

NDF AND ADF DIGESTIBILITY WHICH GET THE SUPPLEMENTED UREA MOLASSES MULTINUTRIENT BLOCK (UMMB) OF SOME CROP RESIDUES TYPE AND LOCAL GRASS ON ONGOLE CROSSBRED CATTLE. A research evaluating dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility of crops residues and local grass supplemented urea molasses multinutrient block (UMMB) on Ongole crossbred cattle (PO). Four male PO cattle, 12 – 18 months of age with ± 100 kg of body weight were used in this experiment. Latin Square Design 4 x 4 with 4 cows and 4 treatments was used. The treatments were : R1 : UMMB + local grass, R2: UMMB + Corn straw, R3: UMMB + Rice straw, and R4: UMMB + peanut straw. The results showed that there were significant effect (P<0.01) of treatments on NDF and ADF digestibility. C1 showed that NDF and ADF digestibility of local grass (68.44% and 61.37%) were higher (P<0.05) compared to crop residues (corn straw 65.25% and 58.59%, rice straw 62.63% dan 52.80%, and peanut straw 67.53% and 59.81%) respectively. C2 showed that NDF and ADF digestibility of legume straw was higher than grasses straw; and C3 showed that  NDF and ADF digestibility of rice straw was lower than corn straw. The results have concluded that : 1. NDF and ADF digestibility of local grass were higher compared to crop residues. 2. NDF and ADF digestibility of legume straw (peanut straw) was higher than grasses straw  (corn straw and ricce straw);3. NDF and ADF digestibility of  corn straw was higher than peanut straw.Key words: NDF and ADF digestibility, crop residues, UMMB, ongole crossbred cattle

The effects of steam treated sugarcane pith as a feed ingredient on performance of lactating dairy goats

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 144-144
Author(s):  
Morteza Chaji ◽  
AbbasAli Naserian ◽  
Reza Valizadeh ◽  
Ferydon Eftekhari Shahroodi ◽  
Omid Hashami
Keyword(s):  
Slow Rate ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Steam Pressure ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Pressure Treatment ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Microbial Ecosystem ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
By Products

Sugarcane bagasse and pith, by-product which the residue after rind removal, are highly lignified by products of the sugar and paper industries, are the most abundant by-product in Iran. The use of by-product in animal nutrition is necessity since it may increase the availability of feed for animal and avoid accumulation that contributes to environmental problems. The main nutritional constraints for these crop residues as animal feeds are their slow rate of digestion and low nitrogen content (Liu et al., 2000). Steam-pressure treatment cleavage the bounds between lignin and the other component of the cell wall, in order to improve it’s degradability by enzymes of the rumen microbial ecosystem. The aim of this study were to evaluate the effect of increasing dietary steam treated pith content on feed intake, milk yield and composition of lactating dairy saanen goats.

Improving the feeding value of straws with Pleurotus ostreatus

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Khan ◽  
S. Hussain ◽  
N. Ahmad ◽  
S. Alam ◽  
M. Bezabhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Feeding Value

The high content of lignin in cell walls is the major limiting factor in the digestion and utilisation of cereal crop residues by ruminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the white rot fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus (P. ostreatus), to degrade lignin and to enhance the rumen degradability of maize stover, rice straw, wheat straw and their mixture in equal proportion on a dry-matter (DM) basis. Four samples of each substrate were incubated aerobically in triplicate with P. ostreatus for 0 (Control), 21, 28 and 35 days under solid-state conditions (temperature, 24°C; humidity, 70 ± 5%). The changes in chemical composition, DM and nutrient losses, and rumen fermentation characteristics using in vitro DM digestibility (DMD) and the in vitro gas-production (GP) technique were measured. The results showed that incubation with P. ostreatus decreased (P < 0.001) the contents of neutral detergent fibre and lignin with a concomitant increase (P < 0.001) in the contents of ash and crude protein. The losses of nutrients differed (P < 0.001) among the straw types, with rice straw and maize stover showing the largest (P < 0.05) lignin degradation compared to wheat and mixed straws. The DMD and 72-h cumulative GP increased (P < 0.001) consistently with increasing fungal incubation period and for all substrates the highest values of DMD and GP were measured after 35 days of incubation with P. ostreatus. The lignin degradation was strongly associated with hemicellulose degradation (r = 0.71) across the various straws. Results of the present study demonstrated that incubation of low-quality crop residues with P. ostreatus under solid-state conditions upgrades their feeding value by reducing the content of lignin and increasing the content of crude protein and ruminal degradation.

scholarly journals Tillage, Green Manure And Residue Retention Improve Aggregate-Associated Phosphorus Fractions Under Rice-Wheat Cropping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Sukhjinder Kaur ◽  
Om Parkash Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Fractions ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Western India

Abstract The sustainability of rice-wheat system (RWS) in north-western India is threatened due to the deterioration of soil health and emergence of new challenges of climate change caused by low nutrient use efficiency and large scale burning of crop residues. Phosphorus and phosphatase activities in the soil aggregates affected by different residue management practices remain poorly understood. Thus, soil samples were obtained after a five year field experiment to identify the effect of tillage, green manure and residue management on aggregate-associated phosphorus fractions. In rice, the main plot treatments were combinations of wheat straw and Sesbania green manure (GM) management: (1) puddled transplanted rice (PTR) with no wheat straw (PTRW0), (2) PTR with 25% wheat stubbles (12-15 cm long) retained (PTRW25), (3) PTR without wheat straw and GM (PTRW0+GM), and (4) PTR with wheat stubbles (25%) and GM (PTRW25+GM). Three sub-plots treatments in the successive wheat crop were (1) conventional tillage with rice straw removed (CTWR0), (2) zero tillage (ZT) with rice straw removed (ZTWR0) and (3) ZT with 100% rice straw retained as surface mulch (ZTWR100). Results of the present study revealed that all phosphorus fractions were significantly higher in PTRW25+GM followed by ZTWR100 compared with PTRW0/CTWR0 treatment within both macro- and micro-aggregates. The total phosphorus (P), available P, alkaline phosphatase and phytin-P were significantly higher under ZTWR100 than CTWR0. Principal component analysis identified NaOH-Po, NaHCO3-Pi and HCl-P as the dominant and reliable indicators for evaluating P transformation within aggregates under conservation agriculture based practices.

scholarly journals Methane emissions in triple rice cropping: patterns and a method for reduction

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1675
Author(s):  
Masato Oda ◽  
Huu Chiem Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Emission Pattern ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
The Third ◽  
Heading Stage

The Mekong Delta paddies are known as hotspots of methane emission, but these emissions are not well studied. We analyzed methane emission patterns based on monitoring data from typical triple rice cropping paddies collected over 5 years. We found that the total emissions in a crop season doubled in the second crop, tripled in the third crop, and reset after the annual natural flood of the Mekong River. The emission peaks occurred around 0 to 3 weeks after starting irrigation, then gradually decreased. This suggests that methane was generated by the soil organic matter, because the small rice plants provide little carbon for methanogenesis. In general, the main source of emitted methane is rice-derived carbon by current-season photosynthates and the emission peaks at the rice heading stage. However, the contribution of the rice-derived carbon is negligible in the hotspot paddies while total emission is high. The increase in emission levels from the first to the third crop can be explained by the accumulation of rice residue from the preceding crops, especially rice straw incorporated into the soil. The reset of emission levels after annual flood means that the rice straw is decomposed without methanogenesis in water with dissolved oxygen. Thus, the annual emission pattern shows that decomposing rice straw in paddy surface-water is an effective method to reduce methane emissions.

scholarly journals Methane emissions in triple rice cropping: patterns and a method for reduction

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1675
Author(s):  
Masato Oda ◽  
Huu Chiem Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Emission Pattern ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
The Third ◽  
Heading Stage

The Mekong Delta paddies are known as hotspots of methane emission, but these emissions are not well studied. We analyzed methane emission patterns based on monitoring data from typical triple rice cropping paddies collected over 5 years. We found that the total emissions in a crop season doubled in the second crop, tripled in the third crop, and reset after the annual natural flood of the Mekong River. The emission peaks occurred around 0 to 3 weeks after starting irrigation, then gradually decreased. This suggests that methane was generated by the soil organic matter, because the small rice plants provide little carbon for methanogenesis. In general, the main source of emitted methane is rice-derived carbon by current-season photosynthates and the emission peaks at the rice heading stage. However, the contribution of the rice-derived carbon is negligible in the hotspot paddies while total emission is high. The increase in emission levels from the first to the third crop can be explained by the accumulation of rice residue from the preceding crops, especially rice straw incorporated into the soil. The reset of emission levels after annual flood means that the rice straw is decomposed without methanogenesis in water with dissolved oxygen. Thus, the annual emission pattern shows that decomposing rice straw in paddy surface-water is an effective method to reduce methane emissions.

scholarly journals Possible Use of Crop Residues Supplemented with Urea and Molasses in Goat Diets

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
C. R. Upreti ◽  
B. S. Kuwar ◽  
S. B. Panday
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
P Balance

In this experiment, 20 castrated male Khari and halfbred (Khari x Jamunapari) goats of 6 to 8 months of age were divided into 4 dietary groups comprising of five goats in each. The experiment was conducted for 150 days during the winter season. Animals of first diet group (D1) were fed with fodder leaves (Khanyu) + concentrate @ 1% body weight, second diet group (D2) consisted of fodder leaves ( Khanyu) + chaffed rice straw and 2% molasses top dressed rice straw @ 20% of dry matter (DM) requirement + concentrate @ 1% of body weight, third diet group (D3) had fodder ( Khanyu) + chaffed rice straw and 2% urea-molasses top dressed rice straw @ 20% of DM requirement + concentrate @ 1% body weight, and diet group 4 (D4) consisted of fodder (Khanyu) + chaffed rice straw, 4% urea treated, ensiled and 2% molasses top dressed rice straw @ 20% of DM requirement + concentrate @ 1% body weight were fed to the animals. A digestibility trial for 7 days was carried out at the end of the experiment. Daily feed intake, and urine and faeces excreted by the animals were recorded. Body weight change was recorded at 15 days interval. The average daily weight gain was not significantly different (P&gt;0.05) between diet groups. However, animals under D2 obtained highest growth rate (44.9 g/d) followed by D3 (44.0 g/d), and D1 (34.8) and the lowest average daily gain (ADG) was obtained in D4 (28.9 g/d). Significantly higher (P&lt;0.05) coefficient of digestibility for DM, CP, ADF, hemicelluloses, and cellulose was found in D3. Nitrogen, Ca, and P balance were high and positive in all diets groups. From this evidence, it can be suggested that rice straw could be used for goat feeding without affecting the growth rate provided it was pre-treated either with 2% molasses or 2% urea-molasses solution. <i>Nepal Journal of Science and Technology</i> Vol. 7, 2006

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