Influence of Rumen Fluid Source and Fermentation Time on In Vitro True Dry Matter Digestibility

In a study that included C4 tropical grasses, C3 temperate grasses and C3 pasture legumes, in vitro dry matter digestibility of extrusa, measured as in vitro dry matter loss (IVDML) during incubation, compared with that of the forage consumed, was greater for grass extrusa but not for legume extrusa. The increase in digestibility was not caused by mastication or by the freezing of extrusa samples during storage but by the action of saliva. Comparable increases in IVDML were achieved merely by mixing bovine saliva with ground forage samples. Differences were greater than could be explained by increases due to completely digestible salivary DM. There was no significant difference between animals in relation to the saliva effect on IVDML and, except for some minor differences, similar saliva effects on IVDML were measured using either the pepsin–cellulase or rumen fluid–pepsin in vitro techniques. For both C4 and C3 grasses the magnitude of the differences were inversely related to IVDML of the feed and there was little or no difference between extrusa and feed at high digestibilities (>70%) whereas differences of more than 10 percentage units were measured on low quality grass forages. The data did not suggest that the extrusa or saliva effect on digestibility was different for C3 grasses than for C4 grasses but data on C3 grasses were limited to few species and to high digestibility samples. For legume forages there was no saliva effect when the pepsin–cellulase method was used but there was a small but significant positive effect using the rumen fluid–pepsin method. It was concluded that when samples of extrusa are analysed using in vitro techniques, predicted in vivo digestibility of the feed consumed will often be overestimated, especially for low quality grass diets. The implications of overestimating in vivo digestibility and suggestions for overcoming such errors are discussed.

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Effects of Geraniol and Camphene on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production

Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica ◽

10.1515/sab-2017-0012 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 63-69

Author(s):

M. Joch ◽

V. Kudrna ◽

B. Hučko

Keyword(s):

Methane Emission ◽

Methane Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Positive Control ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of geraniol and camphene at three dosages (300, 600, and 900 mg l-1) on rumen microbial fermentation and methane emission in in vitro batch culture of rumen fluid supplied with a 60 : 40 forage : concentrate substrate (16.2% crude protein, 33.1% neutral detergent fibre). The ionophore antibiotic monensin (8 mg/l) was used as positive control. Compared to control, geraniol significantly (P < 0.05) reduced methane production with increasing doses, with reductions by 10.2, 66.9, and 97.9%. However, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and in vitro dry matter digestibility were also reduced (P < 0.05) by all doses of geraniol. Camphene demonstrated weak and unpromising effects on rumen fermentation. Camphene did not decrease (P > 0.05) methane production and slightly decreased (P < 0.05) VFA production. Due to the strong antimethanogenic effect of geraniol a careful selection of dose and combination with other antimethanogenic compounds may be effective in mitigating methane emission from ruminants. However, if a reduction in total VFA production and dry matter digestibility persisted in vivo, geraniol would have a negative effect on animal productivity.

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EVALUATION OF THE TWO-STAGE TECHNIQUE FOR THE IN VITRO ESTIMATION OF THE DRY MATTER DIGESTIBILITY OF CORN SILAGE

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas80-046 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 367-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. J. BOILA ◽

J. D. ERFLE ◽

F. D. SAUER

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Two Stage ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Number Of Bacteria ◽

Incubation Tube

The two-stage Tilley and Terry technique (incubation with rumen fluid followed by an acid-pepsin digest), used to estimate dry matter (DM) digestibility of forages in vitro, was evaluated with oven-dried corn silage as a substrate. The effect of weight of substrate (100–3000 mg), continuous shaking of incubations for the period of incubation with rumen fluid, number of bacteria present in the inoculum, and the contribution of bacterial dry matter to residual feed DM was measured. Percent dry matter digested decreased linearly as weight of substrate per incubation tube increased. Continuous shaking, as opposed to intermittent mixing (twice daily) during incubation with rumen fluid, increased the rate of DM disappearance and resulted in higher digestibility coefficients. Both the volume of inoculum and the number of bacteria present in that volume of inoculum influenced the percent DM digested. Bacteria contribute weight to residual feed DM unless steps are taken to remove them by centrifugation or solubilization.

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Pengaruh Molases Pada Amoniasi Jerami Padi Menggunakan Urea Terhadap Kecernaan Bahan Kering dan Bahan Organik In Vitro

Jurnal Agripet ◽

10.17969/agripet.v8i2.610 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 15-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muhamad Bata

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Research Result ◽

Optimal Level ◽

Improve Quality ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Organic Matter Digestibility

The effect of molasses on ammoniated straw by using urea on dry and organic matter digestibility as in vitroABSTRACT. Aimed of this research was to find out the optimal level of molasses addition to improve quality, dry matter and organic matter digestibility of rice straw ammonization process. Materials used were rumen fluid of fistula cattle, grind of rice straw, water, urea and molasses. Research designed used Completely Randomized Design (CRD). As treatments were R0: rice straw 1000 g dry matter + 500 g water + 50 g urea + 0 percent of molasses, R1: R0 + 15 percent of molasses, R2: R0 + 30 percent of molasses. Urea and molasses dissolved in water and then entered into pollybag. All pollybag observe and let for 15 days, each treatment replicated 6 times. Variable measured were dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility. Research result showed that ammonization product of NH3, Acidity Level and crude fiber having decreased while crude protein content increased. Variance analysis indicated that treatments had significant effect (P0.05) on dry matter and organic matter digestibility. Orthogonal polynomial test indicated that level of molasses increase (P0.05) of dry matter and organic matter digestibility linearly. It can be concluded that addition up to 30 percent in ammoniating of rice straw using urea can improve quality of ammonization and increasing dry matter and organic matter digestibility.

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The validity of in vitro techniques using rumen fluid or cellulase for predicting changes in the dry matter digestibility of grasses caused by fertilizer calcium, sulphur, phosphorus and nitrogen

Grass and Forage Science ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2494.1979.tb01443.x ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 19-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. C. REES ◽

D. J. MINSON

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

In Vitro Techniques ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility

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The Use of Various Substrate Microbial Bamboo Stems for Rice Straw Fermentation and its effect on digestibility and fermentation product of Beef Cattle Ration

Jurnal READ (Research of Empowerment and Development) ◽

10.20884/1.read.2020.1.1.2386 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Chabib B.H ◽

Sri Rahayu ◽

Muhamad Bata

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Organic Matter Digestibility

This experiment investigated various substrate growth of bamboo stems microbes (BSM) in rice straw fermentation and its effect on dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), NH3-N and VFA concentration. Materials were rumen fluid of beef cattle from the slaughterhouse. Basal diets consisted of rice straw and concentrate with ratio of 40 : 60 (% dry matter) were administered to five treatments namely P0 = untreated rice straw (control), P1 = Ammoniated rice straw, fermented rice straw using microbial bamboo stems grown on ammoniated rice straw (P2), rice bran (P3) and cassava waste (P4). The experiment used in vitro method was designed with Completely Randomized Design and the data were analyzed variance. The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect on dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), NH3-N and VFA concentration (P>0,05). The fermentation process of microbial bamboo stems in rice straw with a level of 10% with different substrate did not able to increase the digestibility and products fermentation, but there tends that the rice bran and substrates can increase DMD and N-NH3 concentration

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Methionine Hydroxy Analog Supplementation to Increase Feed Utilization for Indigenous Sheep

Jurnal Sain Veteriner ◽

10.22146/jsv.55678 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Bambang Waluyo Hadi Eko Prasetiyono ◽

Mulyono Mulyono ◽

Widiyanto Widiyanto

Keyword(s):

Total Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Indigenous Sheep ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Low Efficiency

In the tropical area, productivity of ruminant has not optimized caused by the low quality of nutrition that leads to low-efficiency metabolism at the level of ruminal fermentation, post rumen digestibility, and intermediary metabolism. The study aimed to analyze effect of methionine hydroxy analog (MHA) on ruminal fermentation profiles of indigenous sheep specifically in the increase of ruminant productivity. In vitro utility test was conducted using rumen fluid of the indigenous sheep and sample of rational ration having a proportion of grass and concentrate 30%:70%, dry matter basis. The treatments implemented were three levels of MHA supplementation; T0: 0 g/day, T1: 3 g/day, and T2: 6 g/day. Variables measured were dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), production of VFA, NH3, as well as total protein, and molar proportion of partial VFA of rumen fluid. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) in a completely randomized design (CRD). The 0.2% MHA supplementation increased OMD with the highest production of total protein was from 28.57 mg/g (T0) to 40.49 mg/g (T2) (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the lowest ratio of acetate : propionate was from 2.74 (T0) to 2.33 (T2) (P<0.05). Supplementation of MHA up to 6 g/day concentrate increased the performance of fermentation and/or feed utility.

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Kecernaan, fermentabilitas dan produksi protein ruminal pelepah sawit yang difermentasi dengan isolat mikrobia rumen kerbau secara in vitro

Livestock and Animal Research ◽

10.20961/lar.v19i3.51263 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 291

Author(s):

Limbang Kustiawan Nuswanatara ◽

Eko Pangestu ◽

Sunarso Sunarso ◽

Marry Christiyanto

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Total Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Protein Production ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Organic Matter Digestibility ◽

Palm Fronds

Objective: The study aimed investigated effect of microbial isolate levels and fermentation time on fermentability regarding ammonia (NH3) production, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and microbial protein production, dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility in vitro.Methods: The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro. In vitro experiment was performed using a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern with 2 factors and 4 replications. The treatments were microbial isolate levels (1 and 3%) and fermentation time (14 and 28 days). The parameters observed included production of NH3, VFA, microbial protein and total protein as well as the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter. The data were analyzed based on analysis of variance and if there was a significant effect the data were further analyzed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.Results: The amount of microbial isolate and fermentation time affected rumen ammonia production. On rumen microbial protein content, the amounts of microbial isolate and fermentation time had substantial impact (P<0.05). The isolate level and fermentation time, however, had no interaction effect on VFA production, dry matter digestibility, or organic matter digestibility. The fermentation time influenced (P<0.05) the production of VFA and the digestibility of dry matter, but the isolate level and fermentation time had no effect on total protein production or organic matter digestibility.Conclusions: Processing of palm fronds through fermentation using buffalo rumen cellulolytic microbial isolates increased nutrient values of palm fronds.

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Evaluasi Proteksi Sabun Kalsium Sebagai Pakan Suplemen Berdasarkan Kecernaan Bahan Kering, Kecernaan Bahan Organik dan pH In Vitro di dalam Rumen dan Pasca Rumen

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.11.2.70-78 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

Pramono A. ◽

Kustono Kustono ◽

D. T. Widayati ◽

P. P. Putro ◽

E. Handayanta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Ph Value ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Calcium Soap ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Organic Matter Digestibility ◽

Kinetics Of

The research aims to evaluate calsium soap protection as feed supplement based on dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility and pH in vitro in the rumen and post rumen. Calsium soap was produced from sardine fish oil and soybean meal, through two protection methods. It was saponification and microencapsulation. This research used Split Subject Repeated Measurement Design with 3 treatments (calcium soap, soybean meal and pangola grass) which each treatment was repeated 5 times. The observation kinetics of dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, and pH rumen fluid were done in incubation times (2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours respectively). The first results of the research showed that in the first step (rumen) has dry matter digestibility of calcium soaps: 38.65; 40.00; 42.66; 46.32; 54.40 and 51.40% respectively; organic matter digestibility: 39.44; 41.27; 44, 31; 46.32; 56.62 and 52.50% respectively. Kinetics of pH rumen fluid: 6.89; 6.79; 6.78; 6.74; 6.71, and 6.88 respectively. In the second step (post rumen), the digestibility of calsium soap production has dry matter digestibility of 74.85% and organic matter of digestibilty of 72.94%. The results could be concluded that in the rumen, calcium soap is the most microbial degradation resistant compared the others and it can be degraded and digested in the abomasum to the small intestine. Therefore pH of rumen fluid is optimal, so it does not interfere with the fermentation in the rumen. Keywords: calsium soap, in vitro, dry matter digestibily, organic matter digestibility, pH value

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PSIX-10 In vitro dry matter digestibility, gas production and pH of silages of several maize hybrids

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.725 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 415-416

Author(s):

Pedro Queiroz ◽

Israel Alves Filho ◽

Sergio Pereira Junior ◽

Flavia Scarpino van Cleef ◽

Jane Ezequiel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Gas Production ◽

Measured Data ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), gas production and pH of silages of 10 maize hybrids in Iturama, Brazil (XB 6012 BT, BM 709 VT PRO2, BM 815 VT PRO2, DKB 363 VT PRO3, AG 8740 VT PRO3, SYN 555 VIP3, SX 8555 VIP3, SX 7005 VIP3, DKB 390 VT PRO3, and RB 9789 VIP3). The maize was ensiled in experimental mini silos in a completely randomized design with 3 repetitions. After 120 d, a subsample from each mini silo was taken and the IVDMD was estimated using Ankom Daisy II and F-57 bags (n = 44). Rumen fluid from two cannulated Nellore steers were mixed and placed into fermenter jars containing Ankom buffers (1:4; v/v). After 48-h incubation (39ºC), 40 mL 6 N HCl and 8 g pepsin were added to each jar and incubated for another 24 h. For gas production and pH evaluations, penicillin-type glass vials (n = 40) were filled with McDougall buffer (20 mL), rumen fluid (10 mL) and substrates (200 mg) and incubated in a shaker (39ºC) for 24 h. The cumulative pressure was measured, vials were opened, and terminal pH was measured. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. The DKB 363 VT PRO3 presented the greatest IVDMD (84.9%, P = 0.02) and the lowest pH (6.60, P = 0.002). The opposite was observed for DKB 390 VT PRO3, which presented the lowest IVDMD (71.1%) and the greatest pH (6.65). The BM 709 PRO2 produced more gas than the others (246.1 mL/g DM), while SYN 555 VIP3 produced less gas than the others (167.7 mL/g DM, P = 0.0005). In conclusion, the material DKB 363 VT PRO3 presented the most interesting characteristics for use as silage for beef cattle in Iturama, Brazil.

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