scholarly journals Universal Psychological Mechanisms of Guilt and Redemption: An Analysis of the Scarlet Letter and Raja Gidh

2018 ◽  
Vol III (I) ◽  
pp. 78-96
Author(s):  
Shumaila Mazhar ◽  
Azka Khan ◽  
Durdana Khosa
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Scarlet Letter ◽  
Freudian Psychoanalysis ◽  
The Scarlet Letter ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spatial Dimensions

Freud’s trifurcated concept of human nature asserts that unlike other emotional states, guilt is a quite complicated feeling which requires a differentiated and powerful brain. A human brain, being cognizant of this uniqueness, is capable of self-appraisal and self-censure. The present study penetrates the intricacies of human mind through the study of protagonists of The Scarlet Letter and Raja Gidh. The concept of Freudian superego is used to examine the two characters, Dimmesdale and Qayyum, set in completely different temporal and spatial dimensions of human society. The parameters of psychoanalytical interpretation describes the human psychological distress and fight against the mental chaos after crossing the ethical boundaries of morality. It postulates that Freudian psychoanalysis contributes effectively to research in literary criticism beyond the social, cultural and linguistic boundaries as it highlights the universality of unique human feelings.

scholarly journals The Unavoidable Suffering in Selected Literary Texts: Poems and Novels

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Nasser Frag
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Allen Ginsberg ◽  
Scarlet Letter ◽  
Minor Characters ◽  
The Scarlet Letter ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Main Reflection ◽  
To Come ◽  
Almost All

The unavoidable suffering is an outstanding theme which has its impact to almost all literary texts. Typically, unavoidable suffering is the supreme touchstone in life and literature. Poets used its presence incessantly. They are always conscious of its inevitability. Investigation of this theme gives the reader a panoramic view of vital issues that are unusually linked to some extent with suffering; such as religion, God, nature, love and immortality. In the poems discussed in this study, unavoidable suffering reflects the effect of modern psychology has had upon both literature and literary criticism. The main reflection of suffering which is implied in the characters presented reveal the very contradictions, absurdities and complexities of our life. The poets and novelists chosen in this paper portray suffering, as “an abstract force, in an attempt to come to terms with it as well as to fathom it.” (Gurra, 2019, p.5) In the inexorable quest to comprehend it, poets do not offer a final view of suffering because it remains for them the great unknown mystery. This paper, however, is an attempt to meticulously examine and critically analyze the images of suffering in minor characters presented in selected poems. The selected poems are of Robinson Jeffers, Allen Ginsberg, and Maya Angelou. The characters selected from different novels are minor ones. Characters like: Roger Chiilingworth from The Scarlet Letter (1850), Walter Morel from Sons and Lovers (1913), Zeena Frome from Ethan Frome (1911), and Rezia Warren Smith from Mrs. Dalloway (1925). Different kinds of suffering are disscussed in order to gain a better understanding of the writers’ perception of unavoidable suffering as well as to understand the western philosophy of it.

scholarly journals Puritan’s Hegemony in the Nathaniel Hawthorn’s The Scarlet Letter

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Zakaria Zakaria ◽  
Akin Duli ◽  
Fathu Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Married Woman ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Scarlet Letter ◽  
Political Values ◽  
The Scarlet Letter ◽  
Library Research ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Law ◽  
Hester Prynne

Misperception and inhuman behave presented by Puritan in conducting state administration, consequently character of Hester Prynne in the novel of Nathaniel Hawthorn’s The Scarlet Letter under the implementation of religious values, law assembling, and political system. The implementation of Puritan’s inhuman religious, law and political values to Prynne’s personal character is something criminal behave, and assembling of the law in the case of sin of Prynne’s adultery presented by Custom House was irresponsible decision or immoral severance in front of court. Puritan’s values over the social living is regulated not only for social norms, culture, and law affairs, but even political matters, means that everything must be obeyed and be bent over the God’s rule, and so to whom (married woman) has committed adultery, must be committed as a sinner and impose a sentence in front of general public. It is a library research and used descriptive qualitative analysis. In challenging and lift it up the universal value in against suppressive, hegemonic in the case Prynn the writer used two approachings as solution to solve the problem and they are feminism perspective and deconstruction model as a solution over the Prynne’s problem.

scholarly journals “What I am! A fiend!”- An Analysis of Chillingworth’s Character in The Scarlet Letter in the light of Ghazalian Nafs e Ammara and Freudian Id

2018 ◽  
Vol III (III) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Shumaila Mazhar ◽  
Samina Amin Qadir
Keyword(s):  
English Literature ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Scarlet Letter ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
The Scarlet Letter ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Moral Standards ◽  
Depth Analysis

The present study attempts to explore the intricacies of human mind, as portrayed through Chillingworth's character in The Scarlet Letter by Hawthorne. For an in-depth analysis, two legendary intellectuals i.e., Ghazali, the famous 11th century scholar of the Muslim world and Freud, the genius of 20th century, have provided the theoretical framework. The research design is based on thematic analysis of the selected novel. A detailed study of Ghazalain nafs e ammara and Freudian id guided the interpretation of the selected novel. The analysis of Chillingworth's perverted behaviour and degrading moral standards inside the parameter of the selected theories reveals Hawthorne's psychological insight. Besides, it also provides a cognizance into the current relevance of the psychological issues in modern world, thus, strengthening our belief in the similar workings of human mind, regardless of the variances in time and space. Moreover, the evidence from this study suggests that the incorporation of Eastern and Western insights for studying literary character has the potential of becoming an effective critical approach for psychological analysis in the realm of English literature.

scholarly journals SOCIAL MATRIX AND CONSTRUCTION OF GENDER IDENTITY IN NATHANIEL HAWTHORN’S THE SCARLET LETTER

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-188
Author(s):  
Liaqat Iqbal ◽  
Farooq Shah ◽  
Akbar Ali ◽  
Irfan Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Studies ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Scarlet Letter ◽  
The Scarlet Letter ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sexual Orientations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Hester Prynne

Purpose of the study: The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorn, already explored from different perspectives by many researchers, has relevance to the social matrix that how gender identity is constructed in the text. In order to explore this perspective, the study deals with the character of Hester Prynne as how she is deconstructing normative gender. Methodology: For this purpose, the theory of ‘Imitation and Gender Insubordination’ presented by Butler (1993) has been applied. Secondly, the study tries to answer the gender identity of Hester Prynne by using Freudian ‘Identification of gender.’ Lastly, the work is concerned with Hester Prynne’s avoiding the danger of being leper and castaway. The last analysis owes itself to the Freudian understanding of psychoanalysis. Main Findings: The findings show that gender is purely volatile and oscillating and is usually being constructed by feminist narratives, social appropriations, inborn congenital schema, and sexual orientations. Butler’s arguments get augmented in this study through the analysis of a few characters, particularly Hester Prynne’s, and it has indicated that through the application of Butler’s arguments on gender stance that gender is performative and hence, it has no real or inborn value/definitions. Therefore, it is inferred that gender is performative and is socially constructed. Application of this study: This study has implications in literature in general, gender studies, and related fields in particular. Novelty/Originality of this study: Though Nathaniel Hawthorn’s The Scarlet Letter had been written long before that has been explored from different perspectives, the present research is original and new in the sense that it brings social matrix and discusses gender issues in it both from the social and psychological interpretations.

scholarly journals FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN THE SCARLET LETTER

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Lilik Fadlilah
Keyword(s):  
Figurative Language ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Scarlet Letter ◽  
The Scarlet Letter ◽  
The Social

The purpose of this witing is to give a brief understandable of figurative language used in the Scarlet Letter novel and add references to undertand the social value and its implication. Figurative language that stated in the novel connects any object or character to a symbolic meaning through simile, metaphor, allusion, or personification. Hawthorne’s main device for communicating his message in The Scarlet Letter is figurative language that make  the story flew strongly and has a highly stylized symbolic fable.The tight structure and figurative language of the novel  is like walking in to many-sided of mirrors where we see every fact in unending succession of relation to every other fact. In other side, this writing can be used to   broader knowledge about stylistics that it is reliable or recommended strategy in teaching linguistics and literature.

scholarly journals Deeper into the Wilderness of Feminine Psyche in the Scarlet Letter and Raja Gidh: A Comparative Analysis of Ghazalian Aql and Freudian Ego

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (II) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Samina Amin Qadir ◽  
Shumaila Mazhar ◽  
Fouzia Rahman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Scarlet Letter ◽  
Strong Belief ◽  
The Scarlet Letter ◽  
Good Works ◽  
Profound Influence

The present study is aimed at exploring psychological conflicts in thefemale protagonists of Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter and Qudsias Raja Gidh. This study, in the parameters of psychoanalytical interpretation, explicitly describes the profound influence of aql and ego on Hester and Seemi, as they cross the ethical restrictions of morality, become tortured by remorse, and finally try to compensate for it. Hester attempts to recompense her sins through charitable services due to her strong belief in redemption through good works; whereas, Seemi undergoes a strange psychic experience and suffers from failures, leading to her death. This study focusing on the application of Ghazalian aql and Freudian ego provides an exhilarating opportunity to advance our knowledge of literary analysis and contributes to this growing area of research by probing into the depth of the human mind.

scholarly journals Hawthorne’s Dimmesdale and Waliullah’s Majeed Are Not Charlatan: A Comparative Study in the Perspective of Destabilized Socio-Religious Psychology

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tanzin Sultana
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Nathaniel Hawthorne ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Scarlet Letter ◽  
Public Action ◽  
The Scarlet Letter ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Psychology ◽  
The 19Th Century

The purpose of this paper is to discuss comparatively Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter and Waliullah’s Tree Without Roots to address the social and religious challenges behind the psychology of a man. Dimmesdale and Majeed are not hypocritical. Nathaniel Hawthorne is an important American novelist from the 19th century, while Syed Waliullah is a famous South Asian novelist from the 20th century. Despite being the authors of two different nations, there is a conformity between them in presenting the vulnerability of Dimmesdale and Majeed in their novels. Whether a religious practice or not, a faithful religion is a matter of a set conviction or a force of omnipotence. If a man of any class in an unfixed socio-religious environment finds that he is unable to survive financially or to fulfill his latent propensity, he subtly plays with that fixed belief. In The Scarlet Letter, the Puritan Church minister, Arthur Dimmesdale cannot publicly confess that he is also a co-sinner of Hester’s adultery in Salem. In Tree Without Roots, Majeed knows that the ‘Mazar of Saint Shah Sadeque’ is a lie to the ignorant people of Mahabbatpur. There is also a similarity, however, between Dimmesdale and Majeed. They understand the cruelty of man-made, unsettled social and religious verdicts against a man’s emotional and physical needs. So, despite suffering from inner torment against goodness and evil, they are not willing to reveal their truth of wrongdoing in public action to save their status as well to survive.

scholarly journals THE DUALITY OF HESTER PRYNNE’S IMAGE: SUBVERSION AND SUBMISSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-12
Author(s):  
Huimin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Young Woman ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Scarlet Letter ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Scarlet Letter ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dual Image ◽  
Hester Prynne

Hester Prynne is a young woman of The Scarlet Letter. She has borne a child out of wedlock and been sentenced to wear the scarlet letter A, a symbol of committing adultery for the rest of her life. She refuses to take the scarlet A as a token of outlaw. With her needlework, she struggles to subvert the original signification of the letter A and to build her new identity as an able, angelic and admirable woman. She transforms the letter A for herself outside the patriarchal signifier. However, her return to Boston, where she voluntarily wears the letter illustrates that Hester acknowledges the importance of the social order and her submission to the public. She has the rebellious spirit but it is not strong enough to overthrow the patriarchy. Hester’s dual image of subversion to submission is attributed to Hawthornes’ ambiguous attitude toward women.

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