scholarly journals Emerging Role of Constructivism for Developing English Speaking Skills

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Hafeez Ullah ◽  
Muzammila Akram ◽  
Qurat-ul-ain Shams
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Point Rating Scale ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Creative Teacher ◽  
Speaking Skills

This research paper draws attention to the literature for developing English speaking skills through instructional approaches of constructivism. It provides guideline for the teachers of Pakistan in teaching speaking skills. This research paper first analyzes constructivists model and then validates the implementation of the creative teacher teaching model in the speaking skills. Expectantly this model can contribute meaningfully to educate students in speaking English language. The five-point rating scale was utilized as research device for data collection. The three hundred and fifty-Eight (358) second language learners of Government and Private college students of District Muzaffargarh were selected randomly. The collected data was analyzed through SPSS. It was founded that constructivism paves the way for the learners in learning English as a second Language. Therefore, this research study suggested that the teachers should use constructivist approach in classroom rather than traditional approach

scholarly journals VirSbud: Key Characteristics, Applications, and its Future

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radzuwan Ab Rashid ◽  
Saiful Bahri Mohamed ◽  
Mohd Fazry A. Rahman ◽  
Syadiah Nor Wan Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Speaking Skills

Learning a second language is not an easy task. Learners need to have enough support in terms of learning materials in order to be successful in mastering the language. One of the common problems faced by the second language learners is the difficulty to find the learning materials to develop their speaking skills. This is in contrast to the materials for the development of other language skills, such as reading and writing which are easily accessible from bookstores and resource centers. This paper introduces an innovative application named Virtual Speaking Buddy (VirSbud) which is specially designed to help second language learners develop their speaking skills. It is hoped that this application will be a useful resource to improve the standard of speaking skills among English language learners.

scholarly journals The Use of Dictogloss Technique in Teaching Grammar Through Writing

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Syzana Kurtaj
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
10Th Grade ◽  
Teaching Grammar ◽  
Speaking Skills

This research paper deals with how dictogloss technique and cooperative listening can be combined to promote the development of listening, writing and speaking skills of a second language learners. Data has been collected data from students’ of the 10th grade, who study in the Pre-university School ‘Luciano Motroni’ in Prizren. This research, include 80 students from them 33 boys and 47 girls. These students were chosen because they had mixed proficiency in English and they were more compatible with joining in listening, writing, reading and grammar. The methodology I used to conduct this research paper, include the dictogloss technique and means of comparative and analytical methods. The results have shown that the use of dictogloss technique in teaching grammar through writing is an effective and useful way to improve the students’ grammar.

scholarly journals Issues in Teaching English Speaking Skill in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) at Secondary Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
Robina Shaukat ◽  
Muhammad Shahbaz Arif ◽  
Hina Mangi
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Speaking Skills

This research has investigated the issues in teaching English-speaking skill as second language acquisition SLA especially in Punjab. It is observed that issues involved in teaching speaking skills by the concerned teachers were having traditional approach in teaching methodologies, their strict inflexible attitude and denying attending refresher courses and workshops in modern e-learning enhancement. It has been observed that the teachers occupying permanent seats are least bothered to cope with fresh, young, junior colleagues and institutional management authorities in practical application of modern latest teaching techniques to produce quality in teaching English as SLA in speaking skills. Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied to find out the objectives in teaching English as SLA in speaking skills. The niche, objective and aim of research is to find out practical issues in teaching English as SLA in applied speaking skill and how speaking’ skill could promote language fluency in effective manner in order to meet the requirements of present modern era. This paper declared that Latest, modern methodologies may be adopted by teachers to produce quality in learning English speaking as SLA in friendly and pleasant atmosphere in light.

Measuring second language proficiency with EEG synchronization: how functional cortical networks and hemispheric involvement differ as a function of proficiency level in second language speakers

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Reiterer ◽  
Ernesto Pereda ◽  
Joydeep Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
English Language ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Second Language Processing ◽  
Language Students

This article examines the question of whether university-based high-level foreign language and linguistic training can influence brain activation and whether different L2 proficiency groups have different brain activation in terms of lateralization and hemispheric involvement. The traditional and prevailing theory of hemispheric involvement in bilingual language processing states that bilingual and second language processing is always at least in some form connected to the right hemisphere (RH), when compared to monolingual first language processing, the classical left-hemispheric language-processing domain. A widely held specification of this traditional theory claims that especially bilinguals or second language learners in their initial phases and/or bilinguals with poor fluency and less experience rely more on RH areas when processing their L2. We investigated this neurolinguistic hypothesis with differently proficient Austrian learners of English as a second language. Two groups of L2 speakers (all Austrian German native speakers), differing in their L2 (English) language performance, were recorded on electroencephalography (EEG) during the processing of spoken English language. A short comprehension interview followed each task. The `high proficiency group' consisted of English language students who were about to complete their master's degree for English language and linguistics, while the `low proficiency group' was composed of non-language students who had only school level performance and less training in English. The age of onset of L2 learning was kept constant: 9 years for both groups. To look for cooperative network activity in the brain, EEG coherence and synchronization measures were analysed for a high EEG frequency range (gamma band). Results showed the most significant group differences in synchronization patterns within the lower gamma frequency range, with more RH involvement (extensive right-hemisphere networks) for the low proficiency group, especially when processing their L2. The results can be interpreted in favour of RH theories of second language processing since, once again, we found evidence of more RH involvement in (late) second language learners with less experience and less training in the L2. The study shows that second language training (and resulting proficiency) and/or differences in ability or state of linguistic alertness can be made visible by brain imaging using newly developed EEG-synchronization techniques as a measure.

Phonological awareness in young second language learners

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie Bruck ◽  
Fred Genesee
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Phoneme Awareness ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Bilingual Group ◽  
English Speaking

ABSTRACTEnglish-speaking children (N = 91) who were attending French schools (bilingual group) were given a battery of phonological awareness tests in kindergarten and in grade 1. At the time of kindergarten testing the mean age of the children was 5:9. Their performance was compared to age-matched English-speaking children (N = 72) attending English schools (monolingual group). The bilingual children showed heightened levels of phonological awareness skills in kindergarten in the area of onset-rime awareness. By grade 1, the pattern of group differences was more complex. The monolingual and bilingual children performed similarly on onset-rime segmentation tasks. The monolingual children had higher phoneme awareness scores than their French-schooled peers; this result is interpreted to reflect the role of literacy instruction on phoneme awareness development. In comparison, the bilingual children had higher syllable segmentation scores than their monolingual peers. This result is interpreted to reflect the role of second language input on phonological awareness.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN USING ENGLISH FOR TAKING ORDER PROCEDURE IN RESTAURANT

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Ida Nyoman Tri Darma Putra
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
English Language ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Mean ◽  
English Students ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Speaking Skills

The aim of this study to analyze students' English speaking skills in conducting taking orders procedure in restaurants.  This study is conducted in order to overcome the problems encountered by the students in speaking activities in taking orders. To measure the ability of students in speaking English in taking orders, the researchers observed the procedures that the students did not perform and measure the students’ competence of English language. Samples of this study are the fourth semester students in Hospitality courses Diploma Degree of Mataram Tourism Institute in Academic Year 2018/2019. The results of this study indicated that the level of completeness of the procedure in taking student orders in STP Mataram is in average. More than 50% students have conducted the appropriate procedure when taking orders in using English. From the result of data analysis in measuring the students’ competence in speaking English, the mean score is 78.90 with standard deviation is 12.14. From the result, it is converted and get score 3.1. The score showed that the ability of English students from 40 students in STP Mataram classified as Good Criteria.

scholarly journals Impact of Teacher-Learner Rapport on L2 Learning: A Study of Public Sector University, Sindh Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Aisha Bhatti ◽  
Habibullah Pathan ◽  
Syed Waqar Ali Shah
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
L2 Learning

Nowadays English language plays a crucial role in every field of educational institutes in Pakistan. It is considered as the base of education because the entire scientific studies are in English. The topic of this research paper is impact of teacher-Learner rapport on L2 learning. In today’s civilization having positive teacher-student rapport is more vital than ever before. The purpose of my research paper is to know learners’ point of view about impact of teacher-learner rapport on second language learning. Total 209 participants were selected through random sampling. There are three main public sector universities in Jamshoro, Sindh and among those universities I have selected UoSJ and MUET. The data was conducted quantitatively thus Kendall's tau-b correlation coefficient a nonparametric test was applied to measure the correlation between impact of teacher-learner rapport on second language learning proficiency. The study findings clearly depict that there is strong positive relationship between rapports and second language learning. Undoubtedly for successful learning and teaching outcomes, it is very essential to create rapport for positive classroom environment which provides the enormous opportunities and appropriate conditions to enhance and improve students’ classroom performance in L2 learning. Therefore, at higher/ tertiary level education, teaching and learning environment requires more attention on teacher-learner rapport because at this level learners are more aware and mature enough to understand the ways teacher behaves that directly impacts on leaner’s psychological nurturing and willful leaning.

scholarly journals IMPROVING STUDENTS’ ENGLISH-SPEAKING SKILLS THROUGH BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION IN INDONESIAN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOLS

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-156
Author(s):  
Izzuddin A
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Behaviour Modification ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Speaking Skills

A number of modern Islamic Boarding Schools (IBS) have long implemented a unique English Language Teaching (ELT) strategy in improving their students’ English-speaking skills. In IBS, for example, head of language department requires the students to communicate in English in daily activities, and punishment is imposed to those who do not speak English. However, there was no specifically academic term used to describe such strategy, nor was there a study to investigate the effectiveness of the strategy. This essay investigates what IBS-applied ELT strategy is, and to what extent it is effective in improving speaking skills of the students. It is found that IBS has made use of a behaviour modification as ELT strategy. The behaviour modification is able to encourage students to communicate in English in their daily activities. It also leads students to acquire accuracy, complexity and fluency in speaking.

The Effect of Teachers’ Use of Reinforcement on Learners’ Performance in English Language

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-129
Author(s):  
Ndegwa Grace Konyu; Dr. Lucy Wathika; Dr Josephine Khaemba
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
English Language ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Verbatim Transcript

The intention of the study was to establish the effect of teachers’ use of reinforcement on learners’ performance in English language. It was done in selected secondary schools in Nakuru town and used descriptive research design. The study was guided by Gardner and Lambert’s Socio-Educational model of second language acquisition. Stratified random sampling was employed in selecting four schools while simple random sampling was used to choose one stream in form two, three and four in each school for observation. It resulted in eight observational schedules. The study sample of 60 students in form 2-4 and 8 teachers of English was purposively selected for interviews. A total number of 353 learners were observed. The study used interviews, audio recording and Structured Observational Schedules for data collection. The data was presented in form of tables, figures and verbatim transcript excerpts used for exemplification and illustration in a qualitative explication. The findings of the study revealed that second language learners’ performance in English is greatly influenced by teachers’ use of reinforcement. Moreover, it proved that teachers of English give unguarded praises, negative statements and criticisms to English second language learners. This study is a vital contribution to the field of Second Language Acquisition theory and practice with regard to offering information and insight into reinforcement, motivation and attitude in practical language acquisition and learning in the classroom situation. These findings are useful in the improvement of second language learners’ performance in English. Teachers of English will also acquaint themselves with effective use of positive verbal reinforcement which works as a motivational force on learners’ acquisition and use of the English language.

scholarly journals Daily and Nondaily Smoking Varies by Acculturation among English-Speaking, US Latino Men and Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Pulvers ◽  
A. Paula Cupertino ◽  
Taneisha S. Scheuermann ◽  
Lisa Sanderson Cox ◽  
Yen-Yi Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
English Language ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Latino Men ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nondaily Smoking

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Higher smoking prevalence and quantity (cigarettes per day) has been linked to acculturation in the United States among Latinas, but not Latino men. Our study examines variation between a dif­ferent and increasingly important target behavior, smoking level (nondaily vs daily) and acculturation by sex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online English-language sur­vey was administered to 786 Latino smokers during July through August 2012. The Brief Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans–II (ARSMA-II) and other accul­turation markers were used. Multinomial lo­gistic regression models were implemented to assess the association between smoking levels (nondaily, light daily, and moderate/ heavy daily) with acculturation markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Greater ARMSA-II scores (rela­tive risk ratio, <em>RRR</em>=.81, 95% CI: .72-.91) and being born inside the United States (<em>RRR</em>=.42, 95% CI: .24-.74) were associated with lower relative risk of nondaily smoking. Greater Latino orientation (<em>RRR</em>=1.29, 95% CI: 1.11-1.48) and preference for Spanish language (<em>RRR</em>=1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.10) and media (<em>RRR</em>=1.12, 95% CI: 1.05-1.20) were associated with higher relative risk of nondaily smoking. The relationship between acculturation and smoking level did not differ by sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that among both male and female, English-speaking Latino smokers, nondaily smoking was associated with lower acculturation, while daily smoking was linked with higher ac­culturation.</p><p><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2018.28(2):105-114; doi:10.18865/ed.28.2.105.</p>

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