scholarly journals The Hydropolitics of the Indus Waters Treaty: A Critical Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol V (IV) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Mehsud ◽  
Malik Adnan ◽  
Azam Jan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Security ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Water Dispute ◽  
Indian Rights ◽  
Indus Waters Treaty

This paper discusses the hydro politics of the Indus Waters Treaty from a critical perspective. Many analysts and commentators from both India and Pakistan expressed displeasure with the treaty on the grounds of allotting more waters to the contending party. The Indian side is displeased with 'restricted' rights on western rights, whereas the Pakistani side laments the Indian rights on the western rivers as detrimental to its water security. Neutral experts consider the Indus Waters Treaty as an instance of successful water dispute resolution. However, the treaty's failure to account for future implications of the climate change for water supply and surging population for water demand as well as the absence of the other co-riparians of China and Afghanistan from the treaty and its failure to hardwire enough safeguards to ensure Kashmiri's needs are met from the waters add to the stresses and strains in the Indus Waters Treaty.

Present and future water security under socioeconomic and climate changes in the Vilcanota-Urubamba basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Goyburo ◽  
Pedro Rau ◽  
Waldo Lavado ◽  
Fabian Drenkhan ◽  
Wouter Buytaert
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Glacier Melt ◽  
Current Water ◽  
The Impact

<p>This research assesses present (2009-2016) and future (until 2100) levels of water security taking into consideration socioeconomic and climate change scenarios using the WEAP (Water Evaluation and Planning) tool for semidistributed hydrological modeling. The study area covers the  Vilcanota-Urubamba basin in the southern Peruvian Andes and presents a complex water demand context as a glacier-fed system.</p><p>Current total water demand is estimated in 5.12E+9 m3/year and includes agriculture (6674.17 m3/year), domestic (7.79E+07m3/year), industrial (1.01E+06 m3/year) and energy (5.03e+9 m3/year) consumption. For assessing the current water supply, observed flow data is used to simulate and validate the model (also accounting for glacier melt contribution). The analysis of unmet water demand for the period 2016–2100 was computed using the soil moisture scheme of the WEAP model, which simulates the hydrological cycle and generates future scenarios for water demand. Different scenarios were generated for external driving factors (population growth and increasing agriculture area) and the impact of climate change to evaluate their effect on the current water supply system. </p><p>These results will allow for the first time to evaluate the impact of changes in glacier melt contributions on water security taking into account also changes in water demand.</p><p>This study also further explores the importance of incorporating science and policy within a broader study of water security. As a result, it is expected to deliver high spatial resolution water demand maps and adaptation strategies for stakeholders. This research is part of the RAHU project as a new multidisciplinary collaboration between UK and Peruvian scientists.</p>

scholarly journals Water-Centric Nexus Approach for the Agriculture and Forest Sectors in Response to Climate Change in the Korean Peninsula

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1657
Author(s):  
Chul-Hee Lim
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
The Future

Climate change has inherent multidisciplinary characteristics, and predicting the future of a single field of work has a limit. Therefore, this study proposes a water-centric nexus approach for the agriculture and forest sectors for improving the response to climate change in the Korean Peninsula. Two spatial models, i.e., Environmental Policy Integrated Climate and Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs, were used to assess the extent of changes in agricultural water demand, forest water supply, and their balance at the watershed level in the current and future climatic conditions. Climate changed has increased the agricultural water demand and forest water supply significantly in all future scenarios and periods. Comparing the results with RCP8.5 2070s and the baseline, the agricultural water demand and forest water supply increased by 35% and 28%, respectively. Water balance assessment at the main watershed level in the Korean Peninsula revealed that although most scenarios of the future water supply increases offset the demand growth, a risk to water balance exists in case of a low forest ratio or smaller watershed. For instance, the western plains, which are the granary regions of South and North Korea, indicate a higher risk than other areas. These results show that the land-use balance can be an essential factor in a water-centric adaptation to climate change. Ultimately, the water-centric nexus approach can make synergies by overcoming increasing water demands attributable to climate change.

scholarly journals What part of natural flow can be considered a "water resource"?

2015 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
V. Andréassian ◽  
J. Margat ◽  
G. Thirel ◽  
P. Hubert
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Hydrologic Regime ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Hydrologic Data ◽  
Natural Flow ◽  
Artificial Reservoirs

Abstract. In this paper, we discuss an unfortunate semantic shortcut – the use of the expression "water resources" as a synonym for "river/groundwater flow" – which causes great confusion in all Water Security-related discussions. We show that only a part of the flow can be considered a resource, and that the efficiency of the flow-to-resource conversion is a complex function of: (i) the hydrologic regime, (ii) environmental constraints (in-stream reserved flows), (iii) the type of water demand, and (iv) the existence of artificial reservoirs. Last, we illustrate how the flow-to-resource conversion can be affected by future climatic changes. Hydrologic data and climate change simulations for three French rivers (the rivers Vilaine, Durance and Garonne) are used to illustrate this discussion.

scholarly journals LONG TERM IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 340-350
Author(s):  
Ewubare Dennis Brown ◽  
Ajisafe Femi Sammy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rural Water Supply ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rural Water ◽  
Per Capita

This paper examined the effects of climate change on rural development in Nigeria. In this paper, rural development was measured by the percentage of the population with access to improved water supply. On the other hand, the measures of climate change employed in this paper are precipitations, variations in temperature and per capita carbon dioxide emissions. Data on the variables were sourced from the World Development Indicators (WDI) and the analytical techniques include descriptive statistics, unit root test, Hansen cointegration test and Fully-Modified Least Squares (FMOLS). The Kwiatkowski Phillips Schmidt and Shin (KPSS) unit test results show that the variables are mixed integrated with combinations of I(0) and I(1). It was observed from the Hansen test for cointegration that the test statistic with probability value (0.192) indicates that the variables are cointegrated. This suggests that the null hypothesis of parameter stability cannot be rejected. It was found from the estimated cointegrating regression model that precipitation and temperature are significant in influencing changes in access to improved water supply in rural Nigeria. Whilst precipitations negatively influenced access to rural water supply, changes in temperature enhanced rural water supply. The negative effects of precipitations on rural water supply could be attributed to the flooding usually associated with precipitations which tend to contaminate the various water sources in the rural areas. On the other hand, per capita carbon dioxide emissions do not significantly affect access to improved water supply in rural area. Given the findings, it was recommended for policy makers to adopt proactive and innovative approaches by synergizing with the relevant stakeholders to significantly address the problem of climate change and improve opportunities for rural development.

scholarly journals Water demand predictions for megacities: system dynamics modeling and implications

Water Policy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Qin ◽  
Ximing Cai ◽  
Chunmiao Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Water Transfers ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Basin Water

Abstract Sustaining the water supply in megacities is an enormous challenge. To address this challenge, it is especially important to predict water demand changes in megacities. This paper presents a system dynamics model to predict the future water demands of different sectors considering multiple factors, including population, structure of the economy, and water supply and use technologies. Compared with traditional methods such as the time series method and structure analysis method, the proposed model takes into account the interconnections, non-linear relationships and feedbacks between the various factors in a systems context. The model is applied to Beijing, a megacity with a population over 20 million and very limited water availability. It is found that the total water demand is likely to increase by at least 36.1% (up to 62.5%) by 2030 compared with that in 2011, and the water deficits vary from −0.36 × 109 to 1.80 × 109m3 in 2030. In addition, scenarios are designed to account for impacts associated with economic development, climate change and inter-basin water transfers. It is shown that climate change may have a large impact on the water supply reliability in Beijing. The water shortage problems can be alleviated via inter-basin water transfers.

scholarly journals A review on harvesting and harnessing rainwater: an alternative strategy to cope with drinking water scarcity

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2951-2963
Author(s):  
Ghanashyam Khanal ◽  
Anusha Thapa ◽  
Niranjan Devkota ◽  
Udaya Raj Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Drinking Water Supply System ◽  
Surface And Groundwater ◽  
Water Sufficiency

Abstract Currently available sources of water face extreme pressures around the globe because of oblivious human activities as well as changing climate. The rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) carries a huge potential to enhance surface and groundwater resources in regions having a poor water supply. Recently, several countries have started to promote the updated implementation of such practice to tackle the problem of growing water demand. These considerations motivated our enthusiasm for looking at its current circumstances and the possibility of RWHS in the future. In this regard, the study aims to identify the evidence gap among different determinants (climate change, reliability, water quality and financial viability) intertwined with RWHS. In the paper, studies related to the significance of RWHS amidst scarcity of water around the globe, published in valued journals from 2000 to 2020, are reviewed. We found that the RWHS becomes economically viable when certain steps and risk assessment methods are executed in planning and maintaining this system. The study concludes that drinking water sufficiency is possible if a sustainable drinking water supply system is built via RWHS.

scholarly journals WATER SECURITY IN ECOLOGICAL POLITICS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC ERA

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yunus Zulkifli
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Water Security ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
The Government ◽  
Ecological Politics ◽  
Ecological Leadership ◽  
Real Action ◽  
Over Time

The major challenges related to water security today are efforts to reduce flood risk; and efforts to increase water supply for communities, industry and agriculture. The ecohydrological approach is present as a solution to these two challenges. On the other hand, the ecological problem with the issue of water security in it has developed over time and awaits real action by the government. In a political framework, ecological issues have been considered marginal and lacking in priority instead of being dominated by other fields, such as economy, law, and infrastructure. In fact, the government is to be committed to promoting eco-friendly development. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, leadership that cares about the environment as a manifestation of ecological politics is a necessity, and is expected to be present both substantially and factually. With the spirit of ecological leadership, strengthening the environmental sector will be on par with other sectors.  Keywords: water security, eco-friendly development, ecological politics, ecological leadership.    

Securing safe drinking water supply under climate change conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1334-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Staben ◽  
A. Nahrstedt ◽  
W. Merkel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Supply System ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
The Individual

Water suppliers worldwide are challenged by climate variations, but so far only the qualitative change in boundary conditions has become clear but not yet the degree and impact on the water supply systems. Short-term quality changes in surface waters can, e.g. be caused by extreme rainfalls after dry periods. Longer heat periods without rain can induce middle-term quality changes in surface waters due to lacking dilution. Furthermore, unsustainable management of groundwater can lead to long-term quality changes and to water shortages, especially in times with higher water demand. Depending on the individual situation, the expected effects on the supply system differ widely, so a general adaptation strategy will not suit the individual problems. The purpose of our work is to enable water supply companies to systematically identify potential risks resulting from climate change and other external factors in a water safety plan approach, and to adapt the supply system in a most effective way by taking advantage of ongoing modernization measures and ‘no-regret’-measures. A suitable adaptation strategy should address climate change conditions as well as other external factors like changing water demand and also to take into account possible effects on every part of the supply system.

Ecology and equity: key determinants of sustainable water security

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Swaminathan
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Total Water Demand ◽  
Global Water

Trends in water consumption indicate that demand for water for household and industrial uses in developing countries could double as a proportion of total water demand in the next 25 years. Scope for expansion of water supply will, at the same time, be limited because development of irrigation and urban water supplies is becoming increasingly expensive, and often involves high costs in terms of environmental degradation and human resettlement. Without fundamental reform of water management, the rapid growth in urban water demand will require large transfers of water from irrigated agriculture, thereby threatening food security. Hence, water supply and demand should be managed in an integrated fashion, simultaneously considering all uses and sources. This will call for the establishment of community centred food and water security systems and national water trusts. Once such systems and Trusts are established there could be a legally binding Global Water Convention on the model of the Global Convention on Climate and Biodiversity. The details of such a Global Water Conventions can be finalized at one of the future Stockholm Water Symposia. There are uncommon opportunities today for a water-secure world through synergy between technology, public policy and peoples‘ participation.

Impact of an extreme dry and hot summer on water supply security in an alpine region

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vanham ◽  
E. Fleischhacker ◽  
W. Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Hydrogeological Characteristics ◽  
Ground Water Recharge ◽  
Normal Period ◽  
The Impact

Climate change will induce an increasing drought risk in western and southern Europe and a resulting increase in water stress. This paper investigates the impact of both the extreme hot and dry summer of 2003 and the PRUDENCE CHRM climate change scenario summer for 2071–2100 on the monthly water balance (available water resources versus water demand) within the Kitzbueheler Region in the Austrian Alps. As a baseline period the climate normal period from 1961 to 1990 was chosen. In both summer scenarios total flow and ground water recharge decrease substantially, due to the decrease in precipitation and increase in evapotranspiration However, regional water availability is still sufficient to serve all water demand stakeholders. As a result of decreased snow cover duration, flow seasonality changes within the CHRM scenario. Especially springs are very vulnerable to these climatological conditions; average local groundwater recharge is reduced by 20% up to 70% within both scenarios. Due to the hydrogeological characteristics of the case study area and the typical small structured alpine water supply infrastructure, local deficits can occur. But also groundwater aquifers in the valleys show a decrease in water availability. These results are supported by observations made in 2003 throughout Austria and Switzerland.

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