scholarly journals A comparison in a youth population between those with and without a history of concussion using biomechanical reconstruction

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Post ◽  
T. Blaine Hoshizaki ◽  
Michael D. Gilchrist ◽  
David Koncan ◽  
Lauren Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Impact Biomechanics ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
The One ◽  
Lower Magnitude ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE Concussion is a common topic of research as a result of the short- and long-term effects it can have on the affected individual. Of particular interest is whether previous concussions can lead to a biomechanical susceptibility, or vulnerability, to incurring further head injuries, particularly for youth populations. The purpose of this research was to compare the impact biomechanics of a concussive event in terms of acceleration and brain strains of 2 groups of youths: those who had incurred a previous concussion and those who had not. It was hypothesized that the youths with a history of concussion would have lower-magnitude biomechanical impact measures than those who had never suffered a previous concussion. METHODS Youths who had suffered a concussion were recruited from emergency departments across Canada. This pool of patients was then separated into 2 categories based on their history of concussion: those who had incurred 1 or more previous concussions, and those who had never suffered a concussion. The impact event that resulted in the brain injury was reconstructed biomechanically using computational, physical, and finite element modeling techniques. The output of the events was measured in biomechanical parameters such as energy, force, acceleration, and brain tissue strain to determine if those patients who had a previous concussion sustained a brain injury at lower magnitudes than those who had no previously reported concussion. RESULTS The results demonstrated that there was no biomechanical variable that could distinguish between the concussion groups with a history of concussion versus no history of concussion. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that there is no measureable biomechanical vulnerability to head impact related to a history of concussions in this youth population. This may be a reflection of the long time between the previous concussion and the one reconstructed in the laboratory, where such a long period has been associated with recovery from injury.

De blik gericht op het witte doek. Vier recente studies over filmbeleving in Vlaanderen

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-274
Author(s):  
Andreas Stynen
Keyword(s):  
The Public ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Feature Films ◽  
Foundation Myth ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Film Experience ◽  
The Impact

Filmhistorici beperkten zich lange tijd tot de studie van inhoudelijke en vormelijke aspecten enerzijds en van regisseurs anderzijds. In de jaren 1990 verbreedde de focus en sindsdien worden ook het publiek en de hele kijkervaring als relevante geschiedkundige thema’s erkend. Dat perceptie vanuit diverse invalshoeken kan worden geanalyseerd, blijkt uit enkele recente publicaties van Vlaamse auteurs. In De verlichte stad (2007), een bundel onder redactie van Daniël Biltereyst en Philippe Meers, staat de geschiedenis van de infrastructuur en (verzuilde) kaders achter het bioscooplandschap centraal. Dat het zinvol is om ook vanuit de programmatie de impact op de toeschouwers te bestuderen, blijkt overtuigend uit Roel Vande Winkel en Ine Van linthouts De Vlaschaard 1943 (2007): deze minutieuze reconstructie van de controversiële verfilming van Stijn Streuvels’ grote doorbraakroman, in volle oorlogstijd, gaat uitvoerig in op het verrassende onthaal dat deze Duitse productie te beurt viel. Filmen voor Vlaanderen (2008), van Biltereyst en Vande Winkel, herinnert eraan hoe speelfilms lange tijd werden vertoond als deel van een ruimer programma, dat ook actualiteit en zelfs propaganda omvatte. Clemens De Landtsheer, de eerste secretaris van het IJzerbedevaartcomité, wordt voor het voetlicht geplaatst als één van de belangrijkste promotoren van de funderingsmythe van de Vlaamse beweging. De zeven filosofische gesprekken die Johan Swinnen voor Reflecties (2009) voerde, maken tot slot duidelijk dat filmprojectie niet enkel historische vragen oproept.________Eyes focused on the white screen. Four recent studies about film experience in Flanders.For a long time, film historians limited their studies to the content and formal aspects of film on the one hand and film directors on the other hand. During the 1990’s, the area of interest was widened and since then the public and the total viewing experience have also been recognized as relevant historical themes. Some recent publications by Flemish authors demonstrate that perception may be analysed from various perspectives. The main topic of De verlichte stad (The illuminated city) (2007), an anthology edited by Daniël Biltereyst and Philippe Meers, is the history of the infrastructure and the pillarisation behind the cinema landscape. De Vlaschaard (flax grower)1943 (2007) by Roel Vande Winkel and Ine Van linthout demonstrate convincingly that it is meaningful to study the impact on the audience from the perspective of the programming as well. This precise reconstruction of the controversial adaptation of Stijn Streuvel’s main breakthrough novel for the screen, in the middle of wartime, looks in detail at the surprising welcome enjoyed by this German production. Filming for Flanders (2008), by Biltereyst and Vande Winkel, reminds us how for a long time feature films were shown as part of a larger programme that also included current events and even propaganda. Clemens De Landtsheer, the first secretary of the IJzer Pilgrimage Committee, is brought into the limelight as one of the most important promoters of the foundation myth of the Flemish movement.  Finally, the seven philosophical conversations, which Johan Swinnen engaged in for Reflecties (reflections) (2009), demonstrate that film projections do not only evoke historical questions.

scholarly journals Sexuality and Affection in the Time of Technological Innovation: Artificial Partners in the Japanese Context

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Beatriz Yumi Aoki ◽  
Takeshi Kimura
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Sexuality ◽  
Sexual Intimacy ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Recent years have witnessed an increase in the number of academic studies on the impact of technological advancements on human life, including possible transformations and changes in human sexuality following the development of sex-related devices, such as sex robots. In this context, terms such as posthuman sexuality, digisexuality, and techno-sexuality have emerged, signaling possible new understandings of sexual, intimacy, and emotional practices. It is important to note that ancient history shows that humankind has for a long time been fascinated with their relationship to non-living things, mostly human-like figures, such as dolls. The Ningyo (人形, the Japanese term for doll) has a long history of usage, and has deep religious and animistic significance in the Japanese context—there are records of sexual use as early as the 18th century. With this context in mind, this paper focuses on three Japanese examples, aiming to shine a light on beyond-human relationships, which include a Japanese man’s marriage to a digital character, sex dolls, and communicative robots, from both a sexual and emotional perspective. In a new horizon of sexual and romantic possibilities, how will humans respond, and what can emerge from these interactions?

The impact of hypopituitarism on function and performance in subjects with recent history of traumatic brain injury and aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage

Brain Injury ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 639-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Srinivasan ◽  
Brian Roberts ◽  
Tamara Bushnik ◽  
Jeffrey Englander ◽  
David A. Spain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals A Survey of Techniques for Constructing Chinese Knowledge Graphs and Their Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianxing Wu ◽  
Guilin Qi ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Meng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Question Answering ◽  
Knowledge Representation And Reasoning ◽  
Knowledge Graph ◽  
Development History ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
History Of ◽  
Knowledge Graphs ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

With the continuous development of intelligent technologies, knowledge graph, the backbone of artificial intelligence, has attracted much attention from both academic and industrial communities due to its powerful capability of knowledge representation and reasoning. In recent years, knowledge graph has been widely applied in different kinds of applications, such as semantic search, question answering, knowledge management and so on. Techniques for building Chinese knowledge graphs are also developing rapidly and different Chinese knowledge graphs have been constructed to support various applications. Under the background of the “One Belt One Road (OBOR)” initiative, cooperating with the countries along OBOR on studying knowledge graph techniques and applications will greatly promote the development of artificial intelligence. At the same time, the accumulated experience of China in developing knowledge graphs is also a good reference to develop non-English knowledge graphs. In this paper, we aim to introduce the techniques of constructing Chinese knowledge graphs and their applications, as well as analyse the impact of knowledge graph on OBOR. We first describe the background of OBOR, and then introduce the concept and development history of knowledge graph and typical Chinese knowledge graphs. Afterwards, we present the details of techniques for constructing Chinese knowledge graphs, and demonstrate several applications of Chinese knowledge graphs. Finally, we list some examples to explain the potential impacts of knowledge graph on OBOR.

scholarly journals Swiss Architectural Origins, Le Corbusier, and the Pātaka of Lake Horowhenua (1845)

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Peter Wood
Keyword(s):  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Swiss Lake ◽  
Richard Taylor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Town

In April, 1845, the Rev. Richard Taylor passed through the area of the North Island now marked by the town of Levin. At this time, he described Lake Horowhenua as being of singular appearance for the small storehouses built over the water on poles. As was his predilection, Taylor made a drawing of the lake huts, a version of which was belatedly included in the second edition of his most important literary contribution, Te Ika-a-Māui (1870). This image would have remained as little more than a questionable curiosity was it not for Messrs Black Bros who, in the course of exploring the lake bed for Māori artefacts in 1932, legitimised Taylor's observation with their discovery of the submerged architectural remains of an aquatic hut. Nonetheless, almost a century after Taylor's original diary entry, GL Adkin, writing for The Journal of the Polynesian Society, lamented the neglect shown toward these remarkable structures, and which he cited as just one example of the "tantalising gaps" in the recorded history of Māori custom and culture. Sadly, it is well beyond the scope of this research to properly redress the historical neglect shown toward lake pātaka. What I do wish to do is to link these structures to an event on the shores of the Lake of Zurich, Switzerland, when Dr Ferdinand Keller noticed some half-submerged piles in 1854. Upon these remains Keller made a great, if erroneous, case for primitive "pile-work habitations" in the Swiss lakes. The impact of this argument cannot be understated. It became the privileged model for architectural origins in the German and French parts of Switzerland, and by the 1890s it was a part of standard teaching texts in Swiss schools, where it was firmly inculcated into the curriculum at the time that Charles Edouard Jeanneret was a child. This in turn has led Vogt to suggest that, in Keller's "dwellings on the water," Le Corbusier found a Primitive Hut typology that underpinned all his architectural thinking, and which is made most explicit in his principled use of piloti. What makes this all the more involved is that Keller, in searching for examples to visualise the construction of the Swiss lake dwellings, turned to the Pacific (which he categorised as at a developmental stage of architectural evolution akin to early Europe). In this paper I identify the exact etching by Louis Auguste de Sainson that Keller took for direct influence. The problem, however, is that de Sainson depicted a conventional whare built on land, and Keller transposed it to the water. So we have on the one side of this paper an authentic lake whare that is all but forgotten, and a famed European lake-hut that is all but Māori, and between the two is the figure of Le Corbusier who may or may not have unknowingly based one on his major innovations on influences found in the pātaka of Lake Horowhenua.

scholarly journals “Mother of the Faithful” and “Lion of Allah” in the Prophetic Tradition and Early History of the Caliphate or Why the Islamic Jama at Disintegrated?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
F. A. Asadullin
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Islamic Schools ◽  
Regional Conflicts ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One ◽  
Early Islamic Period ◽  
Early Islamic

The problem of disintegration of the Islamic Ummah a long time ago became the one of the most important for the Islamic world and worldview. The wave of violence in the Near and Middle East sharpened some regional conflicts, which have already taken place before. The paper deals with the roots of this conflict atmosphere in the Early Islamic period. As the tradition affirms, the Prophet Muhammad predicted the Ummah to split in 73 sects. Today there exist in any case not less than 73 different Islamic schools, movements and organizations, which mutually and constantly contest their doctrinal authenticity. Moreover, the activity of quasi- Islamic extremist organisations like the ISIS, which is forbidden inside as well as outside the Russian Federation, is quite remarkable. All these factors demonstrate, that from the academic point of view it is actual to critically research the nature of fragmentation and disintegration of Islamic communities through the prism of prophetic legends. This paper is to consider as an attempt to resolve this multidimensional problem.

The Surface Longwave Cloud Radiative Effect from Space Lidar Observations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assia Arouf
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Radiative Effect ◽  
Cloud Properties ◽  
Cloud Radiative Effect ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The One ◽  
Natural Climate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lidar Observations

<p>Clouds exert important effects on Earth's surface energy balance through their effects on longwave (LW) and shortwave (SW) radiation. Indeed, clouds radiatively warm the surface in the LW domain by emitting LW radiation back to the ground. The surface LW cloud radiative effect (CRE) quantifies this warming effect. To study the impact of clouds on the interanual natural climate variability, we need to observe them on a long time scale over all kinds of surfaces. The CALIPSO space lidar provides these observations by sampling the atmosphere along its track over all kinds of surfaces for over than 14 years (2006-2020).</p><p>In this work, we propose new estimates of the surface LW CRE from space-based lidar observations only. Indeed, we show from 1D atmospheric column radiative transfer calculations, that surface LW CRE at sea level linearly decreases with the cloud altitude. Thus, these computations allow to establish simple relationships between the surface LW CRE, and five cloud properties observed by the CALIPSO space lidar: the opaque cloud cover and altitude, the thin cloud cover, altitude, and emissivity. Over the 2008–2011, CALIPSO-based retrieval (27.7 W m<sup>-2</sup>) is 1.2 W m<sup>-2</sup> larger than the one derived from combined space radar, lidar, and radiometer observations. Over the 2008–2018 period, the global mean CALIPSO-based retrieval (27.5 W m<sup>-2</sup>) is 0.1 W m<sup>-2</sup> larger than the one derived from CERES space radiometer. Our estimates show that globally, opaque clouds warm the surface by 23.3 W m<sup>-2</sup> and thin clouds contribute only by 4.2 W m<sup>-2</sup>. At high latitudes North and South over oceans, the largest surface LW opaque CRE occurs in fall (40.4 W m<sup>-2</sup>, 31.6 W m<sup>-2</sup>) due to the formation of additional opaque low clouds after sea ice melting over a warmer ocean.</p><p>To quantify the cloud property that drives the temporal variations of the surface LW CRE, the surface LW CRE needs to be related by simple relationships to a finite number of cloud properties such as cloud opacity, cloud altitude and cloud cover. This study allows a decomposition and attribution approach of the surface LW CRE variations and shows that they are driven by the variations occurring in the opaque cloud properties. Moreover, opaque cloud cover drives over than 73% of global surface LW CRE interannual variations.</p>

The Historiographical Legacy of Salo Wittmayer Baron: The Medieval Period

AJS Review ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Robert Chazan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The impact of Salo Wittmayer Baron on the study of the history of the Jews during the Middle Ages has been enormous. This impact has, in part, been generated by Baron's voluminous writings, in particular his threevolume The Jewish Community and–even more so–his eighteen-volume Social and Religious History of the Jews. Equally decisive has been Baron's influence through his students and his students' students. Almost all researchers here in North America currently engaged in studying aspects of medieval Jewish history can surely trace their intellectual roots back to Salo Wittmayer Baron. In a real sense, many of Baron's views have become widey assumed starting points for the field, ideas which need not be proven or irgued but are simply accepted as givens. Over the next decade or decades, hese views will be carefully identified and reevaluated. At some point, a major study of Baron's legacy, including his influence on the study of medieval Jewish history, will of necessity eventuate. Such a study will have, on the one hand, its inherent intellectual fascination; at the same time, it will constitute an essential element in the next stages of the growth of the field, as it inevitably begins to make its way beyond Baron and his twentieth-century ambience.

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Postconcussive Symptom Endorsement: A Parallel Comparison Between Two Nonclinical Cohorts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Elisabeth Cornwell ◽  
Jorge I Arango ◽  
C B Eagye ◽  
Candace Hill-Pearson ◽  
Karen Schwab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Military Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Introduction The prevalence of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is commonly estimated based on indirect metrics such as emergency department visits and self-reporting tools. The study of postconcussive symptoms faces similar challenges because of their unspecific character and indistinct causality. In this article, we compare two nonclinical, epidemiological studies that addressed these two elements and were performed within a relatively narrow period in the state of Colorado. Materials and Methods De-identified datasets were obtained from a random digit-dialed survey study conducted by the Craig Hospital and a study surveying soldiers returning from deployment by Defense and Veteran Traumatic Brain Injury Center. Information pertinent to participants’ demographics, a history of mTBI, and symptom endorsement was extracted and homogenized in order to establish a parallel comparison between the populations of the two studies. Results From the 1,558 (Warrior Strong, 679; Craig Hospital, 879) records selected for analysis, 43% reported a history of at least one mTBI. The prevalence was significantly higher among individuals from the Defense and Veteran Traumatic Brain Injury Center study independent of gender or race. Repetitive injuries were reported by 15% of the total combined cohort and were more prevalent among males. Symptom endorsement was significantly higher in individuals with a positive history of mTBI, but over 80% of those with a negative history of mTBI endorsed at least one of the symptoms interrogated. Significant differences were observed between the military and the civilian populations in terms of the types and frequencies of the symptoms endorsed. Conclusions The prevalence of mTBI and associated symptoms identified in the two study populations is higher than that of previously reported. This suggests that not all individuals sustaining concussion seek medical care and highlights the limitations of using clinical reports to assess such estimates. The lack of appropriate mechanisms to determine symptom presence and causality remains a challenge. However, the differences observed in symptom reporting between cohorts raise questions about the nature of the symptoms, the impact on the quality of life for different individuals, and the effects on military health and force readiness.

scholarly journals Evaluating the scope and intensity of the conflict trap

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håvard Hegre ◽  
Håvard Mokleiv Nygård ◽  
Ranveig Flaten Ræder
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Low Income Country ◽  
Internal Armed Conflict ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Impact

Several studies show that internal armed conflict breeds conflict by exacerbating conditions that increase the chances of war breaking out again. Empirically, this ‘conflict trap’ works through four pathways: conflicts increase the likelihood of continuation, recurrence, escalation, and diffusion of conflict. Past empirical studies have underestimated the scope and intensity of the conflict trap since they consider the impact of conflict only through one of these pathways and rarely across sufficiently long time periods. This article shows that simulation and forecasting techniques are useful and indeed necessary to quantify the total, aggregated effect of the conflict trap, over long time periods and across countries. We develop a country-year statistical model that allows estimating the probability of no conflict, minor conflict, and major conflict, and the probabilities of transition between these states. A set of variables denoting the immediate and more distant conflict history of the country are used as endogenous predictors in the simulated forecasts. Another set of variables shown to be robustly associated with armed conflict are treated as exogenous predictors. We show that the conflict trap is even more severe than earlier studies have indicated. For instance, if a large low-income country with no previous conflicts is simulated to have two to three years of conflict over the 2015–18 period, we find that it will have nine more years of conflict over the 2019–40 period than if peace holds up to 2018. Conversely, if a large low-income country that has had major conflict with more than 1,000 battle-related deaths in several of the past ten years succeeds in containing violence to minor conflict over the 2015–18 period, we find that it will experience five fewer years of conflict in the subsequent 20 years than if violence continues unabated.

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