Percival S. Bailey: eminent scholar of neurosciences who revealed the workings of the hypothalamus through clinicopathological research on craniopharyngiomas

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Prieto ◽  
José M. Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Experimental Demonstration ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
Eminent Scholar ◽  
Peter Bent Brigham Hospital ◽  
Definition Of

Percival S. Bailey (1892–1973) was a scholar, neuroscientist, neuropathologist, and neurosurgeon who made decisive contributions in the field of neuro-oncology. Far less known are his groundbreaking insights into understanding hypothalamic physiology through the study of craniopharyngiomas. As one of Harvey W. Cushing’s most talented trainees, Bailey was instrumental in developing Cushing’s project of a histologically based prognostic classification of brain tumors. He worked at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital on and off between 1919 and 1928, owing to frequent clashes with his mentor. A major cause of this long-term conflict was Bailey’s 1921 experimental demonstration of the hypothalamic origin of diabetes insipidus and Fröhlich’s syndrome. This finding challenged Cushing’s view that both alterations were due to pituitary gland insufficiency. In a seminal monograph written with John F. Fulton in 1929, both authors provided the first comprehensive account of the specific hypothalamic disturbances caused by tumors that originated within the infundibulum and third ventricle. The methodical study of Cushing’s craniopharyngioma specimens allowed Bailey to recognize the close contact between these lesions and hypothalamic nuclei, a key concept that Bailey originally advanced for proper surgical planning. This article aims to credit Bailey for his pioneering definition of craniopharyngiomas as tumors with a true intrahypothalamic position.

A New Approach to the Classification of Filamemts of Rejuvenascence of Skin of Face and Neck

10.12737/5011 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Кодяков ◽  
A. Kodyakov ◽  
Груздев ◽  
D. Gruzdev ◽  
Федоров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Negative Appraisal ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Definition Of

This paper is devoted to the actual problem of cosmetology - the procedures of filament rejuvenation of face and neck, which become popular every year. Literature data on the efficacy of these methods are controversial. The authors of most works indicate the minimum number of complications in the practical absence of negative appraisal methodology. The issues of development of the indication for use of some types of filaments and optimal criteria of evaluation of the expected effect in clinical practice are relevant and are discussed in this paper. Taking into account the absence of objective information about long-term consequences, other practical aspects of filament rejuvenation, the authors on the basis of many years of research and experience has specified evaluation criteria and suggested own classification of cosmetic filaments used in the method of filament rejuvenation of face and neck. Installation of filaments with different cosmetic features allows to reaching three different anti-aging effects: lifting, reinforcing and bio-stimulation. The degree of manifestation of these effects depends on the installation method of the thread, but first of all - on the design of conductive filament and needle or cannula. Based on the above data, the authors propose to divide all known cosmetic filaments on the basis of their purpose, proceeding from the achieved effect for three species - lifting, reinforcing and bio-stimulating. The new classification can be used in practice to optimize the selection of filaments for rejuvenation of face and neck and to reduce unintended side effects. The proposed classification of filaments has the purpose of definition of a fundamental criterion for their beauty opportunities. The practical application of this classification contributes to ensure adequate choice of filaments to perform the procedure, reduce side effects and create realistic expectations of doctors and patients from the procedures of the rejuvenation of face and neck.

scholarly journals Primary biliary cholangitis – a new nosological unit in the classification of liver diseases (literature review and own clinical observation)

2019 ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
T. V. Penkina ◽  
E. A. Shikina ◽  
D. T. Dicheva ◽  
O. E. Berezutskaya ◽  
N. L. Golovkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Term Monitoring

Identification of changes in biochemical parameters of liver functional activity during screening studies requires additional examination of the patient in order to determine the genesis of the disease. In recent years, in routine practice, the most frequently used is an isolated definition of the level of transaminases (ALT, AST), which does not allow timely detection of latent cholestasis syndrome. Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), previously referred to as primary biliary cirrhosis, is a relatively rare chronic autoimmune cholesthetic liver disease, predominantly affecting middle-aged women and prone to progressing liver cirrhosis. The recommendations of AASLD and EASL note the need for long-term monitoring of patients with ongoing UDCA therapy and regular diagnostic studies to identify signs of disease progression. A clinical example of successful treatment of a patient with PBC with the Russian drug Exhol® is described.

ELEMENTS OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE ECOLOGICAL FIELD PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Ioana ◽  
Daniela Tufeanu ◽  
Dragos Florin Marcu ◽  
Bogdan Florea ◽  
Daniela Luta
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Ecological Principles ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Protected Territory ◽  
Ecological Principle ◽  
Definition Of

This article has as a starting point the definition of the concept of ecological principles. Then, after classification of the principles of ecology (domestic principles and international principles), we present and critically analyze and compare the main principles in the field of ecology. Among the ecological principles on the domestic chain, we present and analyze 11 principles, namely: pollution must be combated at the source; the interests of environmental protection must be taken into account in all design or execution decisions; any exploitation or use of natural resources must be avoided if it is accompanied by damage; it is necessary to raise the level of scientific and technological knowledge, inter alia by supporting scientific research; the costs of preventing and combating pollution to be borne by the polluter; the activity of one state not to harm the environment of another state; during the elaboration of the community policy in the field of environmental protection to take into account the interests of the developing states; community environmental protection policy must be developed in the long term and protection must be comprehensive and international, which is achieved, inter alia, through cooperation within international bodies; the cause of environmental protection is everyone's responsibility and for this reason education is irreplaceable; depending on the source of pollution, the most appropriate level of action must be established taking into account the nature of the pollution, the necessary measures, the characteristics of the protected territory. This principle is defined as a "subsidiary principle"; it is necessary to harmonize and coordinate national policy in the field of environmental protection in accordance with the long-term commonly accepted directives. We also present and analyze the principle according to which environmental protection must be an essential element of the economic and social policy of the state. Finally, another ecological principle, the principle of prevention of ecological risks and damage

scholarly journals Learning and memory

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
P. A. J. Ryke
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Latent Learning ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Under various circumstances and in different species the outward expression of learning varies considerably, and this has led to the classification of different categories of learning. Just as there is no generally agreed on definition of learning, there is no one system of classification. Types of learning commonly recognized are: Habituation, sensitization, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, trial and error, taste aversion, latent learning, cultural learning, imprinting, insight learning, learning-set learning and instinct. The term memory must include at least two separate processes. It must involve, on the one hand, that of learning something and on the other, at some later date, recalling that thing. What lies between the learning and (he remembering must be some permanent record — a memory trace — within the brain. Memory exists in at least two forms: memory for very recent events (short-term) which is relatively labile and easily disruptable; and long-term memory, which is much more stable. Not everything that gets into short-term memory becomes fixed in the long-term store; a filtering mechanism selects things that might be important and discards the rest.

The development of geophysical maps’new classification

2017 ◽  
Vol 923 (5) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
D.S. Loginov ◽  
S.A. Krylov
Keyword(s):  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
New Classification ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Geophysical Mapping

At the present time, the common classification of geophysical maps is missing, which is a consequence of their long-term development of the geological mapping. The features of existing approaches to the definition of geophysical maps’ place among maps of natural phenomena and the limitations of existing lists of mapping themes were determined and identified in this article. New approaches to the classification of geophysical maps that take into account the completeness of their contents and the current state of geophysical mapping were offered. A new classification of geophysical maps was elaborated based on four criteria

scholarly journals DEFINITION OF GENDER IDENTITY IN YOUNGER AGE GROUPS OF WOMEN'S BOXING

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
A. Konokh ◽  
A. Vorontsov
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Video Viewing ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City

The article considers the means of determining gender identification of girls engaged in boxing and their impact on the training and competitive process. Purpose: to determine gender identification of qualified girls boxers. Material & Methods: the study involved qualified (participants, prize-winners, champions of local tournaments and championships of Ukraine in their age group) girls boxers 12-15 years old, who are engaged in the city children's and youth sports school. A total of 10 girls were interviewed, including 7 athletes aged 15 and 3 athletes aged 12 years, sports experience at the time of the study ranged from 3 to 5 years. Research methods used: S. Bem's method "masculinity - femininity"; Freiburg Personal Questionnaire (FPI) Masculinity Scale; analysis and generalization of literary sources; analysis of excerpts from the protocols of competitions and video viewing of semifinal, final matches of two championships of Ukraine; method of mathematical statistics. Results: it was determined that most girls (n = 9) with index values ​​(IS) in the range from -0,348 (± 0.05) to 0,580 (± 0.05) belong to the androgynous type according to the S.Bem classification. Only one athlete (n = 1) with indicators (IS) -1,276 belongs to the masculine type according to the classification of S. Bem. Determination of masculinity signs using the FPI test showed the number of points scored from 4 (± 2) to 9 out of 14 possible. Conclusions: The study proved the dominance of androgynous and masculine types in various sports in general. The ratio of gender types between individuals engaged in martial arts and boxing is revealed. The data on the dominance of the androgenic type of personality in the younger age groups of women's boxing have been supplemented. For more productive training of gender types of physical and special boxing exercises and forecasting of competitive activity, it is necessary to study individual psychological qualities of a girl-boxer. It is advisable in the subsequent stages of long-term training to conduct repeated tests of girls boxers of this research group in order to determine the progress of masculinization by age and sports experience and sports qualifications.

scholarly journals Semi-automated regional classification of the style of activity of slow rock slope deformations using PS InSAR and SqueeSAR velocity data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Crippa ◽  
Elena Valbuzzi ◽  
Paolo Frattini ◽  
Giovanni B. Crosta ◽  
Margherita C. Spreafico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Slope ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Displacement Rate ◽  
Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽  
Internal Damage ◽  
Machine Learning Classification ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Definition Of

<p>Large slow rock-slope deformations are widespread in alpine environments and mountainous regions worldwide. They evolve over long time by progressive failure processes, resulting in slow movements that impact infrastructures and can eventually evolve into catastrophic rockslides. A robust characterization of the activity of these phenomena is thus required to cope with their long-term threats.</p><p>Displacement rates measured by remote sensing and ground-based techniques only provide a snapshot of long-term, variable trends of activity and are insufficient to capture the behavior of slow rock slope deformations in a long-term risk management perspective. We thus propose to adopt a more complete approach based on a re-definition of “style of activity”, including displacement rate, segmentation/heterogeneity, kinematics, internal damage and accumulated strain. To this aim, we developed a novel approach combining persistent-scatterer interferometry (PSI) and systematic geomorphological mapping, to obtain an objective semi-automated characterization and classification of 208 slow rock slope deformations in Lombardia (Italian Central Alps). Through a peak analysis of displacement rate distributions we characterized the degree of internal segmentation of mapped slow rock slope deformations and highlighted the presence of nested sectors with differential activity. Then, we used an original approach to automatically characterize the kinematics of each landslide (translational, compound, or rotational) by combining a 2DInSAR velocity vector decomposition and a supervised machine learning classification. Finally, we combined Principal Component and K-medoid Cluster multivariate statistical analyses to classify slow rock slope deformations into groups with consistent styles of activity. We classified DSGSDs and large landslides respectively in five and two representative groups described by different degree of internal segmentation and kinematics that significant influence the evolutionary behavior and affect the definition of representative displacement rates. Our results provide a statistical evidence that phenomena classified as “Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope deformations” (DSGSD) and “large landslides” actually have different mechanisms and/or evolutionary stages, mirrored by different morphological features that testify higher accumulated internal deformation for large landslides with respect to DSGSDs. Our statistical classification of rock-slope deformation style of activity further highlighted the different risk potentials associated to each one of the seven descriptive groups in a practical perspective, taking into account the most significant parameters (rate, volume and heterogeneity) to assess risks related to the interaction between slow movements and sensitive elements.</p><p>Our analysis benefits from both deterministic and statistical components to perform a complete regional screening of slow rock slope deformations and to prioritize site-specific, engineering geological analyses of critical slopes depending on the most important factors conditioning their long-term style of activity. Our methodology is readily applicable to different datasets and provides an objective and cost-effective support to land planning and the prioritization of local-scale studies aimed at granting safety and infrastructure integrity.</p>

scholarly journals THE FACTOR OF TRAVEL JOURNALISM IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Bezuliy ◽  
Igor Riabov ◽  
Viktoriia Busel
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Public Relation ◽  
Promising Practices ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Background Image

Informatization of society provides new tools for intensifying tourism activities, forming the motives of the population to travel and promoting tourism brands. One of the tools is travel journalism, which helps to transform impressions into information. The purpose of the article is to study the impact of travel journalism on the intensification of tourism and justify the introduction of its most promising practices. The methodology of the article uses methods of classification of journalistic publications and magazines on tourism, the method of comparing advertising and “public relations”, a descriptive method to reveal the content of types of texts and genres of television travel journalism. The influence of travel journalism on the intensification of tourism has been studied. The content of publications of information and reference nature, publications with promotional properties, cognitive-oriented, problem-analytical materials is revealed. It is recognized that informative publications help to inform the general public about tourist facilities and services that were not previously known to the consumer. It is proposed to use promotional publications as a tool for implementing short-term tasks. The effectiveness of the use of cognitive-oriented texts as a tool for forming long-term incentives for tourist activity of consumers is substantiated. It is recognized that problem-oriented materials are intended for a narrow audience of professionals and contribute to the coverage of professional problems. The difference between advertising and “public relation” is investigated. It is determined that the toolkit “public relation” is used as a strategic lever to promote the tourist organization. The definition of PR-text is given, its main features are given, and the classification of PR-texts for use in tourist activity is offered. The most commonly used types of PR-texts in tourism are given. The genres of travel journalism are studied. It is determined that in travel journalism the most common forms of information presentation such as reporting, travel essay, recommendation. The peculiarities of the use of such PR-texts in tourism as by-light, background, image and review articles, case history, newsletter, press release are revealed. Characteristic features of such texts are given. Examples of user, specialized, professional and on-board publications in the Ukrainian mass media are given. It is substantiated that visual content is better perceived by consumers of tourist services. Examples of popular foreign and Ukrainian travel programs are given. The practical value of the article is to develop recommendations for the implementation of the most promising travel practices.

scholarly journals NEW APPROACHES TO THE DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA IN PRETERM INFANTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3(41)) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
A. Menshykova ◽  
D. Dobryanskyy
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Neurological Outcomes ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Chronic Morbidity ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Modern Population

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a pressing problem of modern neonatology and pediatrics. Since this disease is chronic and often results in negative long-term consequences, the search for the optimal definition of BPD that would be accuratein predicting long- term respiratory and neurological outcomes is ongoing. It has been 20 years since the definition and classification of BPDs that are currently used had been approved. Over time, the patient population prone to BPD development has changed and new factors have emerged that make it difficult to apply this classification in contemporary clinical practice. In particular, it concerns greater survival of extremely premature infants, which form the majority of patients with BPD. Oxygen dependence during the first month in such infants may be determined by the immaturity of the respiratory system and may not be associated with the development of BPD. Also, new methods of respiratory support have been introduced into practice of intensive care units, which is not accounted for by the current classification. The population of infants with severe BPD, according to classical definition, is heterogeneous with different indicators of long-term chronic morbidity and development. All this justifies the need for new methodological approaches and criteria for the definition and classification of BPD in the modern population of premature infants.This review presents new data, proposals and clarifications for the definition and classification of BPD, which take into account modern features of clinical practice.

scholarly journals Features of Drivers Post-Accident Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 334 ◽  
pp. 02031
Author(s):  
Pavel Pegin ◽  
Olga Pegina
Keyword(s):  
Road Accidents ◽  
Statistics Analysis ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Definition Of

According to long-term observations of drivers - participants in road accidents, the new interpretation of the generally accepted definition of post-accident syndrome is proposed and the criteria for this concept defined. The methods and ways of removing the driver out of the post-accident syndrome are formulated. The classification of post-accident syndrome is formulated according to statistics analysis. The new term “psychological severity of the accident” was proposed for discussion.

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