scholarly journals Mechanisms and outcomes of the supercharged end-to-side nerve transfer: a review of preclinical and clinical studies

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nicholas von Guionneau ◽  
Karim A. Sarhane ◽  
Gerald Brandacher ◽  
Shehan Hettiaratchy ◽  
Allan J. Belzberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Axonal Regeneration ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Nerve Transfer ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Proximal peripheral nerve injuries often result in poor functional outcomes, chiefly because of the long time period between injury and the reinnervation of distal targets, which leads to muscle and Schwann cell atrophy. The supercharged end-to-side (SETS) nerve transfer is a recent technical innovation that introduces donor axons distally into the side of an injured nerve to rapidly innervate and support end organs while allowing for additional reinnervation after a proximal repair at the injury site. However, the mechanisms by which donor axons grow within the recipient nerve, contribute to muscle function, and impact the regeneration of native recipient axons are poorly understood. This uncertainty has slowed the transfer’s clinical adoption. The primary objective of this article is to comprehensively review the mechanisms underpinning axonal regeneration and functional recovery after a SETS nerve transfer. A secondary objective is to report current clinical applications in the upper limb and their functional outcomes. The authors also propose directions for future research with the aim of maximizing the clinical utility of the SETS transfer for peripheral nerve surgeons and their patients.

scholarly journals Short term momentum profits and their source: a business indicators’ approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 563-577
Author(s):  
A. Ejaz ◽  
P. Polak
Keyword(s):  
Stock Markets ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Momentum Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Momentum Profits ◽  
The Future ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Number Of Authors ◽  
Starting A Business

The main objective of the paper is to seek the source that can explain the momentum profits because the source of momentum profits has been disputed. The secondary objective of the paper is to affirm the findings of the author about the presence of the short term momentum effect and to reaffirm the notion that CAPM cannot explain the momentum profits supported by a large number of authors. For the primary objective, a set of variables has been chosen, that fall under the category of “Business Indicators”, to explain the momentum profits. It is found that a variable “Starting a Business” could explain the source of the momentum profits whereas other variables may have a negligible or no influence over the momentum profits. It is also reaffirmed that a short term momentum effect has been found in 14 stock markets and the CAPM could not explain the momentum profits. This study is not conclusive due to the limitation of data but it does give a source of the momentum profits and it sheds light on the future research about the sources that can explain momentum profits in a great detail.

scholarly journals The Use of Temporal Check-All-That-Apply and Category Scaling by Experienced Panellists to Evaluate Sweet and Dry Ciders

Beverages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Rachael Moss ◽  
Sophie Barker ◽  
Matthew B. McSweeney
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Category Scaling ◽  
Secondary Objective

Cider is a growing market in North America, but more studies need to be completed to fully understand ciders’ sensory properties. The primary objective of this study was to identify the differences in the sensory properties of ciders described as “sweet” or “dry” using both static (category scales) and dynamic (temporal check-all-that-apply, TCATA) sensory methodologies. The secondary objective was to evaluate experienced panellists with a familiar methodology (category scales) and an unfamiliar methodology (TCATA). The sweet ciders were characterized by sweet, floral, cooked apple, and fresh apple attributes, and they had a sour aftertaste. The dry ciders were found to be bitter, sour, earthy, and mouldy, and they had a sour and bitter aftertaste. The experienced panellists produced reproducible results using both methodologies; however, they did not find small differences between the cider samples. Future research should investigate a wider range of cider and investigate ciders’ aftertaste. More studies need to be completed on experienced panellists and on when researchers and the food industry should use them.

Learning Effects and the Sensory Organization Test: Influence of a Unilateral Peripheral Vestibular Impairment

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-546
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. McNerney ◽  
Mary Lou Coad ◽  
Robert F. Burkard
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Learning Effect ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sensory Organization Test ◽  
Sensory Organization ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Repeated Administrations

Purpose Healthy young controls exhibit a learning effect after undergoing repeated administrations of the sensory organization test (SOT). The primary objective of the present experiment was to determine if an SOT learning effect is present in individuals with a unilateral vestibular impairment (UVI), and if so, whether it is different from healthy controls. The secondary objective was to determine if the learning effect is dependent on the time frame of repeated SOT assessments. Method Eleven individuals diagnosed with a UVI and 11 controls underwent 6 repetitions of the SOT over 2 visits (3 per visit all within 1 week). A second control group underwent 3 SOT repetitions, with each repetition separated by 1 week, to evaluate the time course of the SOT learning effect. Results No statistically significant differences were found between the UVI group and the control group. In addition, the magnitude of the learning effect was found to be similar regardless of the length of time that separated the repetitions. Conclusions If the SOT is to be used as a measure of improvement, the learning effect should be exhausted (which typically occurs following the third administration) prior to the introduction of therapy. Future research should further investigate the results from those with other vestibular pathologies.

The Student Room Survey: Changes in the Post Graduate Study for Cardiothoracic Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Md Faizus Sazzad ◽  
Mohammed Moniruzzaman ◽  
Dewan Iftakher Raza Choudhury ◽  
Arif Ahmed Mohiuddin ◽  
Raafi Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Surgery ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Graduate Study ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
The University ◽  
Day By Day

Background: The number of postgraduate students in Cardiac surgical discipline is increasing day by day with incremental proportion are measurably suffering from the unnecessary lingering of the present course curriculum. The primary objective of this study was to find out the last 5 years’ of results of Masters in Surgery course under the University of Dhaka from a student room survey. A secondary objective was to find out positive changes that could show us the way of a step toward up-gradation. Methods: It is a retrospective analysis of all examination results of Cardio-vascular & Thoracic Surgery published since January 2008 to January 2013 from the University of Dhaka with in depth interview of 11 participants. Results: 85.24% students failed to pass part-I of Masters in Surgery for Cardio-vascular & Thoracic Surgery course while, 82.18% in part-II and 71.28% failed to pass the final part. Average 2.51 attempts needed to complete each part of the designed course resulted into lingering of course duration for 42.18 months/student. In the thoracic surgery discipline the number of students alarmingly reduced up to 0% in the recent academic sessions. Conclusions: Masters in Surgery is resulting in unnecessary prolongation of the course. We should step forward to meet the next generation challenge. Journal of Surgical Sciences (2019) Vol. 23(2): 71-74

Epidemiology of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Alexander A Leung ◽  
Janice L Pasieka ◽  
Martin D Hyrcza ◽  
Danièle Pacaud ◽  
Yuan Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
True Frequency ◽  
Clinical Records

Objective Despite the significant morbidity and mortality associated with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, little is known about their epidemiology. The primary objective was to determine the incidence of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in an ethnically diverse population. A secondary objective was to develop and validate algorithms for case detection using laboratory and administrative data. Design Population-based cohort study in Alberta, Canada from 2012 to 2019. Methods Patients with pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma were identified using linked administrative databases and clinical records. Annual incidence rates per 100 000 people were calculated and stratified according to age and sex. Algorithms to identify pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, based on laboratory and administrative data, were evaluated. Results A total of 239 patients with pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma (collectively with 251 tumors) were identified from a population of 5 196 368 people over a period of 7 years. The overall incidence of pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma was 0.66 cases per 100 000 people per year. The frequency of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma increased with age and was highest in individuals aged 60–79 years (8.85 and 14.68 cases per 100 000 people per year for males and females, respectively). An algorithm based on laboratory data (metanephrine >two-fold or normetanephrine >three-fold higher than the upper limit of normal) closely approximated the true frequency of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma with an estimated incidence of 0.54 cases per 100 000 people per year. Conslusion The incidence of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in an unselected population of western Canada was unexpectedly higher than rates reported from other areas of the world.

Incidência da utilização de protetores bucais em diversos esportes de contato

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (45) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Victor Paes Dias Gonçalves ◽  
Hugo Leonardo Matias Nahmias ◽  
Marcus Menezes Alves Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Martial Arts ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Contact Sports ◽  
The Face ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
The City

Among contact sports, the practice of martial arts offers a greater risk of causing dental trauma and fractures as contact with the face is more frequent. The primary objective of the research is to evaluate the incidence of mouthguard use, and the secondary objective is to verify which type has a greater predominance and the difficulties in its use correlating to the type of mouthguard used. A documentary study was carried out with 273 athletes of different contact sports, among them: MMA, Boxing, Muay Thai, Jiu-Jitsu, and Taekwondo of the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was concluded that the most commonly used mouthguard is PB Boils and Bites - Type II and its level of approval is poor, interfering with the athletes’ performance, mainly in relation to the breathing factor.

Optimization of Regional Water Quality Monitoring Strategies

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 721-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pintér ◽  
L. Somlyódy
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Lake Balaton ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Computational Aspects ◽  
Indicator Model

A conceptual framework is presented for optimizing the operation of regional monitoring networks which assist water quality management. The primary objective of the studied network is to determine the annual nutrient load carried into a lake by its tributaries. Following the description of the basic (single time–period, single water quality indicator) model, several extension possibilities and computational aspects are highlighted. The suggested methodology is illustrated by a numerical example, concerning the surveillance system on the tributaries of Lake Balaton (Hungary).

Urtica dioica in the Management of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-542
Author(s):  
Mohaddese Mahboubi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Urinary Flow ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Benign Prostate ◽  
Maximum Urinary Flow

Background:: Benign Prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is known as a disease prevalent in men after the age of 50 years old. Ninety percent of men with the age of 80 years and over have BPH. BPH is associated with functional problems like dysuria, nocturia, polyuria, urinary incontinence and recurrent urinary tract infections. Urtica dioica or nettle is a popular medicinal plant for management of BPH in men. Objective:: This article evaluates the efficacy and safety of nettle and its related possible mechanisms in the management of BPH. Methods:: For the preparation of this manuscript, all the information was gathered from accessible and inaccessible resources (Web, Books, Thesis, etc.). Results:: The results of preclinical and clinical studies confirmed the efficacy of nettle roots extracts (methanol, ethanol, and petroleum ether) in the improvement of BPH in term of IPSS score, and patient's life quality. An increase in mean and maximum urinary flow rates and a reduction in prostate volume and residual urine level were observed after treatment with nettle extract. Nettle roots should be used for 6-12 months as its use is possible for a long time without any serious adverse effects. Conclusion:: Designing the clinical trials to compare the efficacy of different extracts from roots or leaves and investigation of molecular mechanisms of action could be the approaches for future.

Corporate Fraud Prevention and Detection: Revisiting the Literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa Mangala ◽  
Pooja Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Fraud Detection ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Business Organization ◽  
Corporate Fraud ◽  
Top Executives ◽  
Red Flag ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Prevention Methods

Fraud has become a worldwide phenomenon and prime issue of concern. It dwells in all countries and affects all types of organizations irrespective of their size, profitability or industry. The primary objective of this paper is to provide an in-depth understanding of literature related to corporate fraud in order to understand why fraud occurs and how to combat it. Research studies published during the period commencing from the year 1984 to 2014 have been reviewed. The study aims to provide an in-depth discussion on significant red flags that may exist before fraud occurrence. It, also, provides a comprehensive view about fraud detection and prevention methods. Findings reveal that red flag is an important mechanism to prevent fraud. Application of single fraud detection technique will not curb the fraud effectively. Also, the top executives were found to be responsible for implementing anti-fraud policies and techniques within business organization. Further, the present study tries to discern the research gap in existing literature and explore the area of future research.

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