scholarly journals Type A Cubital Venous Pattern among Students of a Dental College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (238) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bipana Manandhar ◽  
Ritee Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Type A ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Venous Pattern

Introduction: Superficial veins in cubital fossa vary frequently in their anatomical pattern. The knowledge of variation of the cubital venous pattern is very essential for medical professionals for venous access during different medical procedures. This study aims to find the prevalence of Type A cubital venous pattern among students of a dental college. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 133 dental students of age 18 to 25 years in the department of anatomy of a dental college from November 2020 to February 2021. This study was conducted after obtaining ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee. Convenience sampling used and data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 133 dental students, Type A cubital venous pattern was found in 96 (72.18%) (64.56-79.79 at 95% Confidence Interval). Type A cubital venous pattern was seen in the left arm in 116 (43.61%) and in the right arm of 76 (28.57%) students. This pattern was noticed in 30 (22.55%) male and 103 (77.44%) female students respectively. Conclusions: This study showed higher Type A cubital venous pattern among dental students than other international studies.

scholarly journals Childhood Overnutrition among School Going Children in a Municipality: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (242) ◽  
pp. 868-871
Author(s):  
Alisha Thapa ◽  
Susmita Nepal ◽  
Garima Malla ◽  
Sushma Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
School Children ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Status

 Introduction: Childhood obesity, caused due to excessive fat accumulation, is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths associated with several non-communicable diseases. In Nepal, there is limited data available on the status of overweight and obesity among school children. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of childhood overnutrition among school going children in a municipality. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2019 to July 2019, in four schools of a municipality selected by simple random sampling. Ethical approval was obtained from Nepal Health Research Council (Registration number 380/2019). Data was collected using census sampling from children aged 5-18 years through self-administered questionnaires to the children’s parents. The data was entered into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences for analysis. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 379 school children, the prevalence of overnutrition was found to be 38 (10.03%) (95% Confidence Interval= 7.01-13.05). Prevalence of overnutrition was highest in children of age group 10-13 years 23 (60.5%), in females 27 (71.1%), those consuming junk food 4-6 times weekly 14 (36.8%) and those performing daily physical activity less than 60 minutes 24 (63.2%). Conclusions: The prevalence of childhood overnutrition is similar in comparison to other studies done in similar settings.

scholarly journals Culture Positive Cases of Ophthalmia Neonatorum in a Tertiary Care Centre of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (236) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Shrestha ◽  
Sunil Raja Manandhar ◽  
Om Krishna Malla
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ophthalmia Neonatorum ◽  
Culture Positive

Introduction: Ophthalmia neonatorum although runs a benign course mostly, sometimes may progress to sight threatening complications. The study was conducted to find the prevalence of culture positive cases of opthalmia neonatorum. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care center from January to December 2019. Ethical clearance was obtained from institutional review committee of Kathmandu Medical College. Convenience sampling was done. All data were entered into excel and, then for analysis, exported to Statistal Package for Social Sciences version 21. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: The prevalence of culture positive cases of opthalmia neonaturum is 10 (55.55%) (32.61-78.49 at 95% Confidence Interval). The causative organisms were coagulase negative Staphylococcus 4 (40%), Staphylococcus aureus 3 (30%), Klebsiella 2 (20%) and Pseudomonas 1 (10%). Culture sensitivity of the isolated organisms were different according to the patient even in case of the same organism. Vancomycin 7 ( 70%) was the most sensitive antibiotic followed by Ciprofloxacin 6 (60%), Amikacin 5 (50%) and Cloxacillin 5 (50%) while Azithromycin 1 (10%), Cefixime 1 (10%) and Cotrimoxazole 1 (10%) were the least sensitive. Conclusions: Staphylococcus species was the most common organism isolated from neonates with ophthalmia neonatorum and vancomycin was the most sensitive antibiotic.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Dyspnea among Patients Attending the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (219) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anmol Purna Shrestha ◽  
Roshana Shrestha ◽  
Sanu Krishna Shrestha ◽  
Alok Pradhan ◽  
Samjhana Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Dyspnea is a common presenting complaint in the emergency department worldwide and a diagnostic challenge for emergency physicians. Our study aims to find the prevalence of dyspnea among patients attending emergency department in our hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the emergency department of Dhulikhel hospital from May 2019 to July 2019 after ethical approval from the institutional review committee. Total 1200 samples were collected by consecutive sampling method. All patients were triaged in the emergency department as a part of regular protocol. The participants were included in the study after obtaining an informed consent from the patient or caretaker (if the patient were not able to provide it). Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. The statistical analysis was done using R version 3.5.3 (2019-03-11). Results: The prevalence of dyspnea among patients attending emergency department of a tertiary care hospital was 107 (8.9%) (4.6%-13.2%) at 95% confidence interval. The patients triaged into red, orange and yellow categories were 14 (13.1%), 50 (46.7%) and 43 (40.2%) respectively. Median age was 64 years and 74 (69%) were ≥60 years. Sixty-seven (62.6%) were females and 40 (37.4%) were males. Forty-four (41.1%) arrived by ambulance. Most commonly associated symptoms were cough and fever 59 (51.1%) and 44 (41.1%) respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of dyspnea among patients attending emergency department of our hospital is higher compared to that of other studies. This warrants structured and prompt management of dyspnea for quality improvement.

scholarly journals Health Co-morbidities and Early Marriage in Women of a Rural Area of Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (230) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh Manandhar ◽  
Sunil Kumar Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Early marriage is defined as the marriage of a young person less than 18 years. Early marriage is more prevalent in South Asia as more than half of all child marriage occurs here. Thirtyseven percent of girls in Nepal marry before age 18 years. This study was done to find out the health consequences of early marriage in women of a rural area of Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 10th to 15th Feb 2020 February in 358 women from Panauti, Kavrepalchowk. The convenient sampling method was used. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee. Economic status was assessed by using Kuppuswamy’s socioeconomic scale. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 20. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: The prevalence of early marriage was 187 (52.2%) (47.03 to 57.37 at 95% confidence interval). One hundred sixteen (62%) early marriage women had gynecological problems followed by depression problem 85 (45.5%) and miscarriage 32 (17.1%). The mean age of marriage was 17.2 years. The majority, i.e. 167 (89.3%) of respondents who married earlier were Hindu by religion. Early marriage was observed in 104 (55.6 %) of illiterate women. Conclusions: The prevalence of early marriage was high. Early married women had a lower level of socio-economic status, lower level of education, which harmed the participants' health status.

scholarly journals Benign Histopathologic Findings of Endometrium among Perimenopausal Women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (243) ◽  
pp. 1141-1145
Author(s):  
Ramesh Dhakhwa ◽  
Rashmi Bhattarai ◽  
Jayanti Shah ◽  
Archana Shakya ◽  
Sailesh Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Perimenopausal Women

Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding is the most common presenting complaint in the perimenopausal age group. Endometrial biopsy obtained by dilatation and curettage is the preferred modality of investigation to determine the causative pathology of abnormal uterine bleeding. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of the benign histopathological findings in perimenopausal women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among patients between 1st June 2020 to 30th September 2021. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Kathmandu Medical College (reference number: 305202002). Using the convenience sampling method, 96 cases of endometrial biopsies were studied under light microscopy. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version23.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among the 96 specimens, the prevalence of benign findings was 93 (96.9%) (93-100 at 95% Confidence Interval). Among them, the commonest benign histopathologic spectrum was hormonal imbalance pattern in 40 (41.7%) followed by normal menstrual pattern 35 (36.5%). Five (5.2%) cases showed chronic endometritis. Six (6.2%) cases of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia were identified. Three (3.1%) cases showed endometrial atrophy. Four (4.1%) cases showed endometrial polyp. Conclusions: The prevalence of benign histopathological findings among endometrial biopsies in the study was similar to other studies.

scholarly journals Practices Regarding COVID-19 among Online Respondents in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (237) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudeep Chapagain ◽  
Aastha Singh ◽  
Prabina Basnet ◽  
Rasik Neupane ◽  
Nirdesh Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
The Face

Introduction: The alarming rate of rise in COVID-19 cases led to lockdown in Nepal in order to curb the transmission and spread of the virus among the general public. This research was conducted to know the practices regarding the COVID-19 among the general population of Nepal. The aim of the study is to find out the value of different practices regarding COVID-19 which includes use of face masks, avoiding crowded places and hand hygiene. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 509 online respondents residing 28th November to 15th December 2020 in Nepal. Ethical approval for the study was taken from the Nepal Health Research Council (Reference number 1350). Convenient sampling method was used. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and Software Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 509 participants, 492 (96.66%) (Confidence Interval= 95.1%-98.2%) uses mask, 437 (85.85%) (Confidence Interval= 82.82%-88.87%) avoided going to crowded places and 503 (98.82%) (95% Confidence Interval= 97.88%-99.76%) practiced hand hygiene during lockdown. Among 492 (96.66%) who wore face mask during the lockdown, 482 (94.69%) were still continuing using the face mask after the restriction was eased. Conclusions: The study concludes good practices regarding COVID-19 among Nepalese population but is still not satisfying. This depicted adequate awareness among the public as a result of adequate dissemination of information and resources during the lockdown.

scholarly journals Onychomycosis among Clinically Suspected Cases Attending the Dermatology Out-patient Department of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (237) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beena Jha ◽  
Manisha Sharma ◽  
Sagar GC ◽  
Jyotshna Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Onychomycosis is a fungal disease of the nail apparatus caused by dermatophytes, non-dermatophytes and yeasts. Although onychomycosis is rarely life threatening, its high incidence and the associated morbidity makes it an important public health problem. This study was aimed to find the prevalence of onychomycosis among clinically suspected patients attending the outpatient department of Dermatology and Venereology. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in a total of 200 clinically suspected cases of onychomycosis attending the Dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital within the period of one year from 1st September 2019 to 31st August 2020. Ethical approval (Reference: 150320196) was taken and convenience sampling was done. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 19. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of 200 clinically suspected cases prevalence of onychomycosis was found to be 40 (20%) (Confidence Interval = 19.94-20.06) by both direct microscopy and culture. Onychomycosis was commonest among age group of 21-40 years and more predominant among male patients 60 (65.21%). The fingernails were frequently involved i.e., 58 (63%) cases followed by toenails 34 (21%). Dermatophytes were the most common type of fungal infection accounting for 25 (62.5%). Conclusions: The study highlighted dermatophytes as the most common clinical pattern of onychomycosis and Trichophyton rubrum as the most common aetiological agent causing onychomycosis.

scholarly journals Depression among Medical Students of a Medical College in Nepal during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (239) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarshee Adhikari ◽  
Ezna Sujakhu ◽  
Sandervee GC ◽  
Sabin Zoowa
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression

Introduction: Depression is a common mental disorder. Medical school is a stressful environment. The outbreak of COVID-19 has added to the plight of medical students. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression among medical students of a medical college in Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students of a medical college in Nepal from August 2020 to September 2020. The sample size of our study was 223. A convenient sampling method was adopted for the selection of respondents. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Committee (Reference no:321). The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. The study instrument consisted of the Patient Health Questionnaire and socio-demographic information. Results: Out of 223 participants, the prevalence of depression was seen among 52 (23.3%) (17.7%-28.9% at 95% Confidence Interval) students in our study. Among them, 25 (48.1%) females and 27 (51.9%) males were depressed. The prevalence of depression was higher in preclinical years (first and second year) than in clinical years (third, fourth and final year). Conclusions: The prevalence of depression among medical students in Nepal during the pandemic was less than the findings of similar studies conducted in Nepal before the pandemic. Further studies are required to get more knowledge about the factors associated with mental health of medical students.

scholarly journals Excessive Daytime Sleepiness among First to Fourth Year Undergraduate Students of a Medical College in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (229) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Roka ◽  
Sabina Khadka ◽  
Sanju Dahal ◽  
Meenakshi Yadav ◽  
Puja Thapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Excessive Daytime Sleepiness is a significant health problem among medical students worldwide which can impair their cognitive and academic performances. Our study aims to determine the prevalence of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness among the first to fourth year undergraduate students of the Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences-College of Medicine. Methods: Following the ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee with registration no. 317, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the first to fourth year medical students of the Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences-College of Medicine from 4" to 10" August 2020. Two hundred and thirty-two students were selected for the study using the stratified random sampling technique. Epworth Sleepiness Scale was used to obtain data on daytime sleepiness among the study participants. The data were entered into Google spreadsheets and later analyzed. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with the frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: The prevalence of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness among the first to fourth year undergraduate students of the Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences-College of Medicine is found to be 67 (31.02%) at 95% Confidence Interval (24.85-37.19). It was found to be highly prevalent among the fourth year undergraduate medical students 20 (35.09%) and least prevalent among the first year students 13 (26.00%). Excessive Daytime Sleepiness was found to be slightly higher among females 23 (34.85%) than males 44 (29.33%). Conclusions: Excessive Daytime Sleepinessis highly prevalent among medical students in our study as suggested by various international studies.

scholarly journals Knowledge on Diet among the Hypertensive Patients in a Tertiary Care Center Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (222) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabina Maharjan ◽  
Narayani Maharjan ◽  
Rui Li
Keyword(s):  
Binary Data ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Health Research Council

Introduction: Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death and disability in both developed and developing countries. The prevalence of hypertension is increasing rapidly worldwide. The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge of diet and exercise among hypertensive patients. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire among 169 hypertensive patients at Kathmandu diabetes and thyroid center from May 2017 to July 2017 after taking ethical clearance from Nepal Health Research Council, Nepal. A convenience sampling method was used. Data was collected and entry was done in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.0 point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Out of total 169 participants enrolled in this study, only 79 (46.7%) had good knowledge and 90 (53.3%) had poor knowledge regarding diet and exercise. The mean age of participants was 54.68±13.91 years. Conclusions: This study revealed that the knowledge about diet and exercise among hypertensive patients is poor and this study suggests the need for a proper educational intervention to improve awareness and to control hypertension effectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document