scholarly journals Sintesis Polimer Hibrid Poli(Metil Metakrilat-co-Butil Akrilat-co-Stiren) dengan OMMT sebagai Filler Melalui Teknik Polimerisasi untuk Applikasi pada Kemasan Makanan

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Johannes Chandra ◽  
Emil Budianto ◽  
Bambang Soegijono
Keyword(s):  
Basal Spacing

Sintesis polimer hibrid lateks poli(metil metakrilat-co-butil akrilat-co-stiren) dengan OMMT sebagai filler dilakukan melalui teknik polimerisasi miniemulsi dengan menggunakan inisiator AIBN dan surfaktan SDS secara full batch. Proses modifikasi MMT dilakukan dengan teknik sonikasi dan proses polimerisasi miniemulsi dilakukan selama 7 jam pada suhu 80◦C. Hasil modifikasi MMT dikarakterisasi melalui uji XRD, FTIR, TEM, dan uji termal dekomposisi dilakukan dengan TGA. Hasil modifikasi dengan alkilammonium surfaktan menunjukkan telah terjadi pilarisasi pada lapisan interlayer MMT dengan meningkatnya basal spacing lapisan MMT dari 12,1˚A ke 21,0˚A dan pergeseran sudut 2θ dari 7,21◦ ke 4,21◦ dan uji FTIR mengkonfirmasi masuknya gugus alkil ke dalam lapisan interlayer MMT dan uji TEM menunjukkan pola interlakasi dan eksfoliasi. Uji termal dekomposisi menunjukkan bahwa panjang gugus alkil surfaktan berpengaruh terhadap tingkat termal dekomposisi OMMT. Polimer hibrid lateks yang dihasilkan menunjukkan sifat ketahanan barrier yang lebih baik dengan penambahan OMMT dibandingkan dengan polimer murni, polimer hibrid lateks dengan kandungan 8.0% OMMT menunjukkan sifat ketahanan barrier yang sama dengan polimer sintetik LDPE, EVOH, PET dan Poliester sehingga dinilai mampu menggantikan posisi peranan polimer sintetis dalam kemasan pangan yang lebih ramah terhadap lingkungan.

Materials design and control synthesis of the layered double hydroxide with the desired basal spacing

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Xiong ◽  
Xiaobo Ji ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Wei Lv ◽  
Taiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Layered Double Hydroxide ◽  
Materials Design ◽  
Control Synthesis ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Double Hydroxide ◽  
And Control

CLAY-INORGANIC STUDIES. II. HYDROXY ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE–MONTMORILLONITE COMPLEX

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. KODAMA ◽  
M. D. WEBBER
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Aluminum Phosphate ◽  
Silicate Layer ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Positively Charged ◽  
Water Contents

Two specimens of hydroxy aluminum phosphate interlayer materials in montmorillonite clay were prepared with 7.20 meq Al and 11.29 meq H3PO4/g clay and with 14.40 meq Al and 22.58 meq H3PO4/g clay, and the resulting complexes studied by chemical and mineralogical methods. Both interlayer materials were slightly positively charged and except for different water contents their chemical compositions were almost identical. They contained Al, PO4 and H2O and a minor amount of Ca and approximated hydrous AlPO4∙nH2O. The mole ratios of Al:Ca:PO4:OH were 1.00:0.08:0.92:0.24 and 1.00:0.05:0.91:0.24, respectively. The interlayer materials appeared to be loosely packed and distributed sparsely in interspaces of the montmorillonite. The degree of packing was greater for the preparation with the larger amount of interlayer material. The materials increased the montmorillonite basal spacing to 23.3 Å under air-dry condition (30–40% relative humidity) but did not affect the lateral dimensions. The basal spacing varied somewhat with relative humidity at room temperature and decreased markedly as water was driven off by heating. Heat treatments between room temperature and 300 C sharply reduced the d001 spacings to 16.7 Å which persisted up to 700 C. It is postulated that the large basal spacings occur because the hydrated interlayer materials have a framework structure with tunnels along the c-axis. This being so, changes in the spacings with different humidities might result from the movement of water molecules among interstitial spaces existing around and between the loosely distributed molecules of interlayer material. The 16.7 Å spacing for the dehydrated phase corresponds to the sum of 7.0 Å, the edge dimension of an orthorhombic anhydrous AlPO4 and 9.7 Å, the silicate layer thickness.

scholarly journals A mechanism of basal spacing reduction in sodium smectitic clay materials in contact with DNAPL wastes

Chemosphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derya Ayral-Cinar ◽  
Margarita Otero-Diaz ◽  
Avery H. Demond
Keyword(s):  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Clay Materials

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Polyhydroxybutyrate/Polycaprolactone Nanocomposites

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cha Ping Liau ◽  
Mansor Bin Ahmad ◽  
Kamyar Shameli ◽  
Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus ◽  
Nor Azowa Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Cooh Group ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ion Exchange Reaction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Matrix Enhancement ◽  
Double Hydroxide

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)/polycaprolactone (PCL)/stearate Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposites were prepared via solution casting intercalation method. Coprecipitation method was used to prepare the anionic clay Mg-Al LDH from nitrate salt solution. Modification of nitrate anions by stearate anions between the LDH layers via ion exchange reaction. FTIR spectra showed the presence of carboxylic acid (COOH) group which indicates that stearate anions were successfully intercalated into the Mg-Al LDH. The formation of nanocomposites only involves physical interaction as there are no new functional groups or new bonding formed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the mixtures of nanocomposites are intercalated and exfoliated types. XRD results showed increasing of basal spacing from 8.66 to 32.97 Å in modified stearate Mg-Al LDH, and TEM results revealed that the stearate Mg-Al LDH layers are homogeneously distributed in the PHB/PCL polymer blends matrix. Enhancement in 300% elongation at break and 66% tensile strength in the presence of 1.0 wt % of the stearate Mg-Al LDH as compare with PHB/PCL blends. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) proved that clay improves compatibility between polymer matrix and the best ratio 80PHB/20PCL/1stearate Mg-Al LDH surface is well dispersed and stretched before it breaks.

scholarly journals Isoterma dan Termodinamika Adsorpsi Kation Cu2+ Fasa Berair pada Lempung Cengar Terpilar

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Syaiful Bahri ◽  
Muhdarina Muhdarina ◽  
Nurhayati Nurhayati ◽  
Fitri Andiyani
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Atmospheric Condition ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Pillared Clays ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Clay Suspension ◽  
X Ray

Pillared Cengar clay have been synthesized by two methods, first clay suspension is directly mixed into aqueous solution of hydroxy-aluminum polycations (WK) and second by mixing the clay suspension into the solution of sodium acetate and hydroxy-aluminumpolycations (SAK) sequentially. Both clays were calcined in air on atmospheric condition. Diffraction pola, surface morphology and cationexchange capacity of the pillared clays were characterized using X Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) andvisible spectrophotometry methods, respectively. The pillared clays showed increases of basal spacing from 3.57 Å to 4.55 Å and smectiteas a new mineral. Morphology of SAK has more heterogeneous surface with small plates and agglomeration of grains compare with WKwhich small plates. Adsorption of aqueous cation of Cu 2+ were studied on various variables of initial concentration as well as temperatures.As the result, adsorption of cation Cu 2+ on pillared Cengar clay is corresponding to Freundlich isotherm, while the adsorption capacity ofWK on cation Cu 2+ is slightly lower than SAK. The thermodynamic aspect, the WK is reflected possessed exothermic processes withnegative entropy, increased in Gibbs energy and non spontaneous, while the SAK possessed endothermic processes having positive entropy,decreased in Gibbs energy and non spontaneous.

scholarly journals Aluminum Pillared Clay (Al-PILC) for Adsorption of Dyes in Red Fruit Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Sholihah Novitasari ◽  
Sriatun Sriatun ◽  
Taslimah Taslimah
Keyword(s):  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Pillared Clay ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Heavy Fraction ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Dark Orange ◽  
Fruit Oil

Red fruit oil contains carotene, which is dark orange, so it is not very popular. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the intensity of the color. Yesterday, in this study, the synthesis and characterization of Al-pillared clay (Al-PILC) from light and heavy clay fractions were carried out. The absorption capacity of red fruit carotene dyes was studied. The research stages included preparation, fractionation, activation, pillarization of clay with aluminum, characterization, and adsorption test for carotene dyes on red fruit. Characterization was carried out using X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Gas Sorption Analyzer (GSA). The results showed that basal spacing of natural clay, Al pillared heavy fraction-clay, Al pillared light fraction-clay, activated light fraction were 15.08 Å, 15.27 Å, 16.84 Å, and 16, respectively. 22 Å. The GSA results showed that the surface area and pore volume of the Al pillared light fraction-clay of 0.3 was higher than the heavy fraction. The average pore size of Al pillared light fraction-clay and the heavy fraction was found in the mesoporous range of 30-100 Å, and the adsorption isotherm is type IV. Al-pillared light fraction-clay had higher adsorption ability than a heavy fraction and light fraction before pillaring. When the pillaring agent’s concentration was 0.3 M, Al pillared heavy fraction-has absorption capacity is 58.66%, while Al pillared light fraction-clay is 90.4%.

scholarly journals Pilarisasi Lempung Dengan Al/Cr sebagai Adsorben Minyak Sisa Pakai

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Tiska Eva Triandhani ◽  
Taslimah Taslimah ◽  
Sriyanti Sriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Basal Spacing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Minyak goreng yang digunakan berulang kali dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan minyak. Salah satu solusi untuk menanganinya ialah dengan metode adsorpsi. Lempung terpilar Al/Cr telah dibuat sebagai adsorben minyak sisa pakai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan suhu optimum kalsinasi pada pemilaran lempung dengan Al/Cr dan menentukan kualitas minyak sisa pakai berdasarkan bilangan asam dan bilangan peroksida. Karakterisasi lempung terpilar menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Selanjutnya daya adsorpsi lempung terpilar terhadap minyak sisa pakai diukur menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Uji kualitas minyak dilakukan berdasarkan penentuan bilangan asam dan bilangan peroksida sesuai syarat mutu minyak goreng yaitu SNI 01-3741-2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pemilaran lempung Al/Cr dapat meningkatkan basal spacing. Lempung terpilar Al/Cr dengan suhu kalsinasi 400°C memiliki basal spacing terbesar yaitu fraksi ringan 18,84 Å dan fraksi berat 16,53 Å. Kemampuan lempung terpilar Al/Cr untuk adsorpsi minyak sisa pakai memiliki daya serap besar pada suhu kalsinasi 400°C  yaitu pada fraksi berat 9,16 % dan fraksi ringan 6,28 %. Lempung terpilar Al/Cr mampu menurunkan bilangan asam dan bilangan peroksida, bahwa semakin lama waktu kontak adsorpsi bilangan asam dan bilangan peroksida semakin menurun. Kata Kunci : Lempung terpilar Al/Cr, minyak sisa pakai, bilangan asam, bilangan         peroksida 

scholarly journals The Amounts of Water Adsorbed to the Surface of Clay Minerals at the Plastic Limit

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Gorączko ◽  
Andrzej Olchawa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Water System ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
External Surface Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Layers

AbstractThe paper presents results of a study on the amount of water associated with the solid phase of the clay water system at the plastic limit. Two model monomineral clays, namely kaolinite, and montmorillonite, were used in the study. The latter was obtained by gravitational sedimentation of Na-bentonite (Wyoming).The calculated mean number of water molecule layers on the external surface of montmorillonite was 14.4, and water in interlayer spaces constituted 0.3 of the water mass at the plastic limit.The number of water layers on the external surface of kaolinite particles was 63, which was related to the higher density of the surface electrical charge of kaolinite compared to that of montmorillonite.The calculations were made on the basis of the external surface area of clays and the basal spacing at the plastic limit measured by an X-ray diffraction test. The external surface area of clays was estimated by measuring sorption at a relative humidity p/p0 = 0.5.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Immobilized Molybdenum Complex on Pillared Montmorillonite K-10

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Wahida Harun ◽  
Siti Balkis Mahamat Nor ◽  
Siti Salhah Othman
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Molybdenum Complex ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pillared Montmorillonite ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
Pillaring Solution

This study was carried out to immobilize molybdenyl (VI) acetylacetonate (MoO2(acac)2) complex on alumina pillared montmorillonite K-10 (MMT K-10). Pillar MMT K-10 was produced by introducing MMT K-10 with a hydrolysis solution of NaOH with AlCl3. Different concentrations of pillaring solution were prepared in terms of OHto Al3+ ratio (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) to observe the structural characteristics of MMT K-10. The pillared materials were then immobilized with 0.1 M MoO2(acac)2 and were characterized using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled in an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) techniques. FTIR bands at ca. 890 – 930 cm-1 indicate that the Mo complex was immobilized on the surface of pillared MMT K-10 not in between the layers. This is supported by the SEM and XRD analysis where the SEM micrograph showed deposition of Mo on the surface of MMT K-10 as well as no modification of basal spacing was observed by XRD. Meanwhile, the d(001) spacing of the alumina pillared MMT K10 samples were seen to increase slightly as the concentration of OH/Al3+ increased.

Synthesis of Magnetic Modified Organobentonite as Adsorbent for Degradation of Orange II

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 2306-2309
Author(s):  
Guang Hua Wang ◽  
Kun Chen ◽  
Wen Bing Li ◽  
Dong Wan ◽  
Qin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Orange Ii ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Magnetic modified organobentonite (Fe3O4/CTAB–Bent) was synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method in which CTAB–Bent was firstly achieved via ion–exchange.The composite materials have been characterized by powder X–ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) . The results revealed that basal spacing of bentonite was increased through organic modification and the Fe3O4 particles synthesized which covering the surfaces of bentonite .Compared with natural bentonite, the adsorption capacity of Fe3O4/CTAB–Bent for Orange II was greatly enhanced and can be easily separated from the reaction medium by an external magnetic field after the treatment.

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