scholarly journals Effect of Waterlogging Duration on Germination, Physiological Characteristics, and Yield of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 936-945
Author(s):  
Vu Tien Binh ◽  
Sorgan S. K. Tai
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The study was conducted to evaluate the germination, physiological responses, yield-related traits, and seed yield of three mungbean varieties, viz. DXVN7, DXVN5, and DX11, under waterlogging coditions in the 2019 Summer. In experiment 1, the seeds of the three mungbean varieties were immersed in distilled water in Petri dishes for 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72h. Afterwards, water was removed and the percentage of germinated seeds was calculated at 84h after sowing. In experiment 2, plants were waterlogged at the seedling stage (25 days after germination) for 3, 6, and 9 days. Waterlogging depth was maintained at 3cm above the soil surface. Physiological traits were determined at the recovery period after termination of waterlogging (45 days after germination). The results showed that waterlogging significantly decreased germination percentages, plant height, root dry weight, leaf relative water content (RWC), SPAD value, Fv/Fm index, leaf photosynthesis, total dry weight, and seed yield of all varieties. Germination percentages at 12 and 24h of waterlogging were not significantly affected, whereas germination was significantly reduced at up to 36h of waterlogging. Seventy-two hours of waterlogging caused failure in germination. Nine days of waterlogging at the seedling stage adversely affected the physiological traits and seed yield of the mungbean varieties with 31% of yield reduction. Meanwhile, plants grew better at 3 days of waterlogging. Among the three varieties, DXVN7 showed the best adaptability under waterlogging conditions, attaining the highest seed germination and yield.

scholarly journals Kenaf Morpho-physiological Variations and Response to Weed Pressure in Derived Savanna Agro-ecology of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
O. A. Aluko ◽  
F. B. Anjorin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Tridax Procumbens

Kenaf response to weed pressure depends on variations in morpho-physiological traits of genotypes. A study was conducted in Ibadan (7°38’ N 3°84’ E) Nigeria in the wet seasons of 2014 and 2015 to determine the response of kenaf genotypes to weed pressure. Twelve kenaf genotypes were planted in a conventionally prepared seedbed at 50 × 20 cm, in 5 x 5 m plot and arranged in an RCBD, replicated thrice. Initial weed flora composition revealed that Panicum maximum, Tithonia diversifolia, Mithracarpus viridis, Commelina spp, Aspilia africana, Tridax procumbens and Pennisetum purpureum were predominant in the experimental site. Kenaf plant height varied significantly and ranged from 30.53 cm to 59.73 cm and 60.67 to 76.80 cm at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS) in 2014 and 2015 respectively. Variation in plant height at 10 WAS did not follow the previous growth patterns in both years of the study. Stem girth at 10 WAS ranged from 1.26 cm (V1-400-2) to 1.47 cm (A-60-282) in 2014. In subsequent year, Tianung had 1.47 cm stem girth as the thinnest, while Cuba 108 had the thickest stem (1.70 cm). Ifeken 400 (56.90 cm) and Cuba 108 (53.57 cm) had the broadest canopy width in 2014 and 2015 respectively, while A2-60-28 (44.85 cm) and V1-400-2 (41.33 cm) had narrowest canopy width in 2014 and 2015 respectively. Genotypes had comparable fibre yield, possibly due to catch-up growth from 8 to 10 WAS. Ifeken 400 (480 kg/ha) and Ifeken DI400 (550 kg/ha) had the highest seed yield in 2014 and 2015 respectively. These were similar with seed yield in other genotypes except V1-400-2 (310 kg/ha) in 2014 and AC-313 (350 kg/ha) in 2015. However, seed yield reduction across genotypes ranged from 55 – 74%, with an average of 68% in both years when compared with the seed yield potentials of genotypes. Evidently, prolonged weed competition might have accounted for the seed yield deficit recorded in the study. Invariably, pre-emergence weed control only may not suffice for weed pressure in kenaf plot when seed production is of interest to the farmers. There was significant weed interference in plots sown to kenaf genotypes with low plant height and narrow canopy width. Consequently, high weed dry weight in V1-400-2 (66.39 g/m2; 89.39 g/m2) might be responsible for seed yield penalty in both years of the study. Whereas, Ifeken DI400 had the least weed dry weight (25.93 g/m2; 26.92 g/m2) and comparable seed yield with the maximum in both years of the study. Genotypic variations in morphological and physiological traits might be responsible for responses to weed interference and crop performance. Early expression of weed suppressive traits evidently influenced genotypes-weed interaction.

Interference and Seed Production by Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kent Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Common Lambsquarters

Multiple regression and response surface plots were used to analyze the effects of common lambsquarters population density and interference duration on weed growth and soybean seed yield. Under favorable growing conditions in 1986, weed biomass production at all population densities and interference durations was four to five times that produced in 1987, under less favorable conditions. However, there was no significant treatment by year interaction for soybean seed yield reduction by common lambsquarters, and production of each kg/ha weed biomass resulted in an average soybean yield reduction of 0.26 kg/ha. Utilizing 5% yield loss as an arbitrary threshold level, the regression equation predicted a common lambsquarters density threshold of 2 plants/m of row for 5 weeks of interference after crop emergence and 1 plant/m of row for 7 weeks. Seed production by individual common lambsquarters plants was highly correlated (r=0.92) with weed dry weight, and seed production ranged from 30 000 to 176 000 seeds/plant.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Dioscorea sansibarensis Pax pada Perlakuan Panjang lanjaran dan Waktu Batang Membelit*

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Solikin ,
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Dioscorea is potentially used as staple food to support food security. The research was aimed to determine the effect of stake length and time of  stem twining  on  the growth of Dioscorea sansibarensis Pax. The experiment was conducted  in  Purwodadi Botanic Garden from December 2014 until May 2015 using split plot randomized block design consisted of two factors, i.e. the stake length and time of stem twining. The stake length was the main plot consisted of 150 cm, 100 cm and 50 cm above soil surface and without stake (control). The time of stem twining as subplots, i.e. stem twined early, twined at the time of 4 leaves stage, and twined at 8 leaves stage. Each combination of the treatments was replicated three times. The results showed that there was significant effect on the stake length  and the time of stem twining treatments on the plant growth and yield. The stake  length of 150 cm treatment produced the highest fresh tuber and total plant dry weight, i.e., 257.24 g and 132.77 g per plant, respectively. On the contrary, the plant without stake produced the lowest fresh tuber and  total dry weight of plant, i.e., 112.10 g and 48.65 g per plant, respectively.<br /><br />Keywords: biomass,leaf area, photosyntesis, tuber weight

scholarly journals Improved tolerance of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) to drought stress and rewatering by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus claroideum: effect on growth and cell membrane stability

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Beltrano ◽  
Marta G. Ronco
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The aim of this paper was to investigate the contribution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus claroideum to drought stress tolerance in wheat plants grown under controlled conditions in a growth chamber, and subjected to moderate or severe water stress and rewatering. Water stress tolerance was determined through total dry weight, leaf relative water content, leakage of solutes and leaf chlorophyll and protein concentrations in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal wheat plants. Total dry weight and leaf chlorophyll concentrations were significantly higher in mycorrhizal plants after moderate or severe water stress treatments compared with non-mycorrhizal ones. Electrolyte leakage was significantly lower in water-stressed inoculated plants. Compared to non-inoculated plants, leaf relative water content and total protein concentration of inoculated individuals increased only under severe water stress. When irrigation was re-established, mycorrhizal plants increased their total dry weight and leaf chlorophyll concentration, and recovered cell membrane permeability in leaves compared with non-mycorrhizal plants. In conclusion, root colonization by G. claroideum could be an adequate strategy to alleviate the deleterious effects of drought stress and retard the senescence syndrome in wheat.

Water status and yield of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) subjected to water stress during four stages of development

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sionit
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Head Formation ◽  
Total Dry Weight

SummaryThe effects on seed yield of two levels of water stress at four stages of development were investigated in two varieties of sunflower, Krasnodarets and Record. The plants were grown from seed in large pots in an air-conditioned glasshouse at 26/20 °C and 70% relative humidity, with natural summer illumination. They were subjected to water stress before head formation, during head formation, during flowering, and during seed development.The leaf water potential of plants subjected to a water stress of – 16 bars returned to normal after rewatering, but plants subjected to – 23 bars did not return to their prestress level and some leaves died. A water stress of – 16 bars caused no significant reduction in dry weight of the vegetative structures, but stress at all stages of growth reduced seed yield. A water stress of – 23 bars reduced both total dry weight and seed yield at all stages of growth, seed yield being reduced more by a stress of – 23 bars than of – 16 bars. Oil content was slightly reduced by water stress.Water stress during anthesis reduced sunflower seed yield more than during later stages of development.

scholarly journals Effect of sewage-contaminated water on seed production, heavy metals accumulation and seedling emergence in oat

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Complete Plant ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Plant Stage

<div> <p>Two pot experiments were carried out to investigate effect of deficit irrigation with wastewater on seed yield, heavy metals and seedling emergence in oat (<em>Avena sativa</em>). The research at seedling stage included different ratios of sewage-contaminated water (100% well water, 75% well water + 25% wastewater, 50% well water + 50% wastewater, 25% well water + 75% wastewater and 100% wastewater) and three irrigation intervals (1, 2 and 3 days). The research at complete plant stage included different ratios of sewage-contaminated water used at seedling stage and irrigation intervals of 2, 3 and 4 days. Results showed that at oat seedling stage, irrigation interval of 1 days and 100% wastewater produced the highest seedling weight. Irrigation interval of 3 days with 100% wastewater had the lowest seedling emergence. At complete plant stage, by increasing wastewater concentration, leaf chlorophyll content was increased, but relative water content was decreased. 100% wastewater produced the highest seed yield, 1000-seed weight, concentrations of zinc, copper and potassium. According to references, the concentration of studied heavy metals was lower than dangerous threshold.&nbsp;</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Salicylic acid and its method of application affect germination and vigor in bell pepper seedlings under salt stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Sebastião de Oliveira Maia Júnior ◽  
Jailma Ribeiro de Andrade ◽  
Ronaldo do Nascimento ◽  
Robson Felipe de Lima ◽  
Elka Costa Santos Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Germination And Growth

This study investigated the effect of two salicylic acid application methods (seed immersion and wetting) on the germination and growth characteristics ofcv. All Big bell pepper seedlings exposed to 0 or 100 mM of NaCl.The experimentwas conducted in aBiochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)incubator, using a completely randomized designwith eight treatments (immersionin salicylic acid or distilled water and wettingwith salicylic acid or water, in conjunction with 0 or 100 mMof NaCl) and four repetitions.The results indicated that under non-salineconditions, wetting with salicylic acid (SA) inhibited germination and seedling length, whereas NaCl stress reduced the germination, growth, total dry weight and vigor of seedlings.However, SA application, especially by wetting, mitigated the toxic effects of NaCl in bell pepper seedlings,improving relative water content and radicle length, as well as total length, dry weight and vigor.This study highlights the potential benefits of SA, particularly when applied via wetting, in attenuating phytotoxicity caused by NaCl stress and its effect on the germination, growth and vigor of bell pepper seedlings.

Survival of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) in a Mediterranean type environment. 1. Effect of summer grazing by sheep on seed numbers and seed germination in autumn

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Gramshaw ◽  
WR Stern
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Grazing History ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Summer Grazing

Annual ryegrass–subterranean clover pastures that produced about 5000 kg total dry weight per hectare and 23,500 ryegrass seed per sq metre in spring were grazed by sheep at different stocking rates during summer. Intensive stocking equivalent to about 3000 sheep days ha-1 reduced seed numbers by 20%. Under continuous grazing, about 70% of the seed produced in spring fell readily to the ground during summer. The remaining seed was firmly held in seed heads, and apparently sheep ate mainly this component. Less than 1% of the seed ingested was voided in the faeces. No significant changes in seed numbers over summer were observed in ungrazed pasture. Subsequently, at the break of season in autumn, germination of seeds was examined in situ near the soil surface. The summer grazing history of pastures influenced the percentage of seeds that germinated; more seeds germinated in heavily than in leniently grazed pastures. Whether the pasture was leniently or heavily grazed, there was little effect on germination of shed seeds. Seeds in seed heads were found to germinate more slowly than seeds shed to the soil surface. Seedling emergence in autumn was regulated mainly by the interrelationship between the germination rate of the seed population, depending on summer-early autumn rains, and the period for which favourable moisture conditions prevailed at the soil surface after rain began in autumn. In the field, temperature and light appeared to be unimportant in influencing germination at the break of season. Dynamics of seed and seedling numbers in annual ryegrass pastures in a Mediterranean type environment, particularly at the break of season, are discussed.

Effect of seedling damage by redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor, on subsequent growth and development of yellow lupin, Lupinus luteus, in the glasshouse

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Liu ◽  
T. J. Ridsdill-Smith ◽  
D. C. Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Yellow Lupin ◽  
Halotydeus Destructor ◽  
Redlegged Earth Mite

Redlegged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor) causes feeding damage to some pulse species at the seedling stage. To quantify the effect of this damage on subsequent plant growth and development, an experiment was conducted in the glasshouse using yellow lupin, Lupinus luteus cv. Motiv, which is highly susceptible to the mites. After emergence, plants were infested with 0, 100, 150, and 250 mites/plant, collected from the field. Fourteen days after application, mites were removed. Damage to plants was estimated at seedling stage, flowering time, and maturity. At seedling stage (on Day 14), feeding damage scores to cotyledons and true leaves were greater at higher mite densities. Damaged plants produced fewer nodules, fewer lateral roots, and less dry weight than the control. On Day 35, severely damaged plants failed to recover and on the surviving plants, cotyledons and true leaves died earlier than on the plants without damage. On Day 78, when plants were flowering, the surviving plants produced fewer nodules and branches, and less dry weight per plant than the control. The flowering time of plants with the mite treatments was delayed by up to 6 days compared with the controls. The final shoot dry weight, pod number, seed number, and seed yield per pot were significantly reduced by the mite treatments. Feeding by H. destructor on seedlings of yellow lupin caused a reduction in seed yield of 58% at the highest mite density treatment. This significant economic loss needs to be confirmed under field conditions, but it signifies the need to develop appropriate control measures for this pest.

Effects of Nitrogen and Zinc Spray on Yield of Corn (Zea Mays L.) in Drought Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
S.H. Mosavifeyzabadi ◽  
F. Vazin ◽  
M. Hassanzadehdelouei
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In hot and arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction. To study the effect of drought stress, nitrogen and zinc spray on the yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out during the crop seasons of 2010 and 2011 on Emam Khomeyni research Farm in Mahvellat as a split factorial within randomized complete block design with three replicates. The main plots with irrigation factor and three levels were considered: full irrigation, stopping irrigation at anthesis step and stopping irrigation at the seed filling stage. Subplots were considered with and without nitrogen and zinc spray. The drought stress reduced the grain yield in anthesis stage more than other stages. Drought stress effects significantly on stem and ear diameter, ear length, chlorophyll value, leaf area index, leaf relative water content, stem, ear and leaves dry weight, number grain in ear and row, number row in ear, unfilled seed percentage and thousand grains weight. Nitrogen increased the seed yield and yield component except thousand grains weight and the number of row in ear. Using Zn, as compared with control treatment, causes the increase of grain yield, thousand grains weight and number grain in ear 16.5, 9 and 5.5%, respectively. The results obtained from the present research showed that anthesis stage was most sensitive stage to drought stress. Also nitrogen and Zn could somewhat reduce the impact drought stress on corn.

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