Conductors of the current variations of the sea-surface temperature of the North Atlantic

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-902
Author(s):  
N. V. Vakulenko ◽  
D. M. Sonechkin
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Rotation Axis ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Climate Evolution ◽  
To Come ◽  
Short Time

It is generally accepted to believe that changes in the heat content of North Atlantic can be a source of surprises in the climate evolution, especially the climate of Europe. The RAPID program providing monitoring of this heat content serves to investigate this problem. However, results of such monitoring cover still too short time period to come to any conclusion. In this regard, changes of the North Atlantics sea surface mean temperature which already is observed during a long enough period (from the middle of the 20-th century) is analyzed as an indirect characteristic of the heat content. Wavelets are used for this purpose. Three scales, which define temporal variability of this characteristic, are found: from two to four, from seven up to ten, and about twenty two years. It is assumed that sources of variations of the first two from the specified scales are wobbles of the Earths rotation axis, and the source of variations of the third scale is the Hale's cycle of heliomagnetic activity.

scholarly journals Have Aerosols Caused the Observed Atlantic Multidecadal Variability?

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1135-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Thomas L. Delworth ◽  
Rowan Sutton ◽  
Daniel L. R. Hodson ◽  
Keith W. Dixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Salinity ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Multidecadal Variability ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Aerosol Effects

Abstract Identifying the prime drivers of the twentieth-century multidecadal variability in the Atlantic Ocean is crucial for predicting how the Atlantic will evolve in the coming decades and the resulting broad impacts on weather and precipitation patterns around the globe. Recently, Booth et al. showed that the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model, version 2, Earth system configuration (HadGEM2-ES) closely reproduces the observed multidecadal variations of area-averaged North Atlantic sea surface temperature in the twentieth century. The multidecadal variations simulated in HadGEM2-ES are primarily driven by aerosol indirect effects that modify net surface shortwave radiation. On the basis of these results, Booth et al. concluded that aerosols are a prime driver of twentieth-century North Atlantic climate variability. However, here it is shown that there are major discrepancies between the HadGEM2-ES simulations and observations in the North Atlantic upper-ocean heat content, in the spatial pattern of multidecadal SST changes within and outside the North Atlantic, and in the subpolar North Atlantic sea surface salinity. These discrepancies may be strongly influenced by, and indeed in large part caused by, aerosol effects. It is also shown that the aerosol effects simulated in HadGEM2-ES cannot account for the observed anticorrelation between detrended multidecadal surface and subsurface temperature variations in the tropical North Atlantic. These discrepancies cast considerable doubt on the claim that aerosol forcing drives the bulk of this multidecadal variability.

scholarly journals Borehole logs from the Precambrian basement on Bornholm, eastern Denmark: geology and groundwater flow

1969 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gravesen ◽  
Bertel Nilsson ◽  
Per Rasmussen ◽  
Stig A. Schack Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Precambrian Basement ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
North West ◽  
East European ◽  
The North ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Granitic Magmatism ◽  
Borehole Logs ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Short Time

Bornholm is situated in the Sorgenfrei–Tornquist Zone that separates the North-West European Craton from the Baltic Shield and the East European Platform (Fig.1). The Precambrian basement of northern and eastern Bornholm consists of different granitic and gneissic Mesoproterozoic rocks that are dated to c. 1455 Ma (Waight et al. 2012). It appears from the age data that granitic magmatism, deformation and metamorphism occurred over a relatively short time period. The rocks contain abundant pegmatite and aplite bodies. More than 250 mafic dykes occur. The dykes were intruded during three Precambrian events at c. 1326 Ma, 1220 Ma, 950 Ma and during a Permian event at c. 300 Ma (Holm et al. 2010).

World Economy: Prospects and Barriers for Recovery

2012 ◽  
pp. 61-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Western World ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Junk Bonds ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
Global Liquidity ◽  
Short Time

According to the latest forecasts, it will take 10 years for the world economy to get back to “decent shape”. Some more critical estimates suggest that the whole western world will have a “colossal mess” within the next 5–10 years. Regulators of some major countries significantly and over a short time‑period changed their forecasts for the worse which means that uncertainty in the outlook for the future persists. Indeed, the intensive anti‑crisis measures have reduced the severity of the past problems, however the problems themselves have not disappeared. Moreover, some of them have become more intense — the eurocrisis, excessive debts, global liquidity glut against the backdrop of its deficit in some of market segments. As was the case prior to the crisis, derivatives and high‑risk operations with “junk” bonds grow; budget problems — “fiscal cliff” in the US — and other problems worsen. All of the above forces the regulators to take unprecedented (in their scope and nature) steps. Will they be able to tackle the problems which emerge?

scholarly journals Political ideology and vaccination willingness: implications for policy design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Debus ◽  
Jale Tosun
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Short Time

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments to impose major restrictions on individual freedom in order to stop the spread of the virus. With the successful development of a vaccine, these restrictions are likely to become obsolete—on the condition that people get vaccinated. However, parts of the population have reservations against vaccination. While this is not a recent phenomenon, it might prove a critical one in the context of current attempts to manage the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, the task of designing policies suitable for attaining high levels of vaccination deserves enhanced attention. In this study, we use data from the Eurobarometer survey fielded in March 2019. They show that 39% of Europeans consider vaccines to cause the diseases which they should protect against, that 50% believe vaccines have serious side effects, that 32% think that vaccines weaken the immune system, and that 10% do not believe vaccines are tested rigorously before authorization. We find that—even when controlling for important individual-level factors—ideological extremism on both ends of the spectrum explains skepticism of vaccination. We conclude that policymakers must either politicize the issue or form broad alliances among parties and societal groups in order to increase trust in and public support for the vaccines in general and for vaccines against COVID-19 in particular, since the latter were developed in a very short time period and resulted—in particular in case of the AstraZeneca vaccine—in reservations because of the effectiveness and side effects of the new vaccines.

scholarly journals Space-Time Sea Surface pCO2 Estimation in the North Atlantic Based on CatBoost

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2805
Author(s):  
Hongwei Sun ◽  
Junyu He ◽  
Yihui Chen ◽  
Boyu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Mixed Layer Depth ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Mean Bias Error ◽  
Bias Error ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

Sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) is a critical parameter in the quantification of air–sea CO2 flux, which plays an important role in calculating the global carbon budget and ocean acidification. In this study, we used chlorophyll-a concentration (Chla), sea surface temperature (SST), dissolved and particulate detrital matter absorption coefficient (Adg), the diffuse attenuation coefficient of downwelling irradiance at 490 nm (Kd) and mixed layer depth (MLD) as input data for retrieving the sea surface pCO2 in the North Atlantic based on a remote sensing empirical approach with the Categorical Boosting (CatBoost) algorithm. The results showed that the root mean square error (RMSE) is 8.25 μatm, the mean bias error (MAE) is 4.92 μatm and the coefficient of determination (R2) can reach 0.946 in the validation set. Subsequently, the proposed algorithm was applied to the sea surface pCO2 in the North Atlantic Ocean during 2003–2020. It can be found that the North Atlantic sea surface pCO2 has a clear trend with latitude variations and have strong seasonal changes. Furthermore, through variance analysis and EOF (empirical orthogonal function) analysis, the sea surface pCO2 in this area is mainly affected by sea temperature and salinity, while it can also be influenced by biological activities in some sub-regions.

scholarly journals Platypnoea–orthodeoxia syndrome induced by short-term weight loss: a case series

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudai Tamura ◽  
Tomohiro Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Transoesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Uncommon Condition ◽  
The Right ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Background Platypnoea–orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) is an uncommon condition characterized by dyspnoea and arterial desaturation in the standing or sitting position that improves in the supine position. Case summary We report two cases of POS caused by an atrial septal defect (ASD) and a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Both cases reported a recent decrease in body weight of more than 10 kg in a short time period. Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) with agitated saline bubble study revealed and a large amount of contrast bubble through the ASD (Patient 1) or the PFO (Patient 2) from the right atrium to the left atrium in the sitting position. Both patients were diagnosed by the finding of positional dyspnoea and the results of TOE using agitated saline bubble contrast. Discussion Taken together, their presentations suggest that weight loss in a short time period could be a pathogenic factor for POS.

The North Atlantic atmosphere-sea surface 14C gradient during the Younger Dryas climatic event

1994 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edouard Bard ◽  
Maurice Arnold ◽  
Jan Mangerud ◽  
Martine Paterne ◽  
Laurent Labeyrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Younger Dryas ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The North ◽  
Climatic Event ◽  
The North Atlantic

scholarly journals Estimation of three-dimensional crustal movements in the 2011 Tohoku-oki, Japan earthquake from TerraSAR-X intensity images

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 7383-7408
Author(s):  
W. Liu ◽  
F. Yamazaki ◽  
M. Matsuoka ◽  
T. Nonaka ◽  
T. Sasagawa
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Sar Images ◽  
Crustal Movements ◽  
Surface Displacements ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Intensity Images ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gps Observations

Abstract. The Tohoku-Oki earthquake on 11 March 2011 caused significant widespread crustal movements. In a previous study, we proposed a method for capturing two-dimensional (2-D) surface displacements from a pair of pre- and post-event TerraSAR-X (TSX) intensity images. However, it is difficult to detect three-dimensional (3-D) displacements from one pair of TSX images. In this study, three pairs of pre- and post-event TSX images taken on different paths were used to estimate 3-D crustal movements. The relationship between the actual 3-D displacements and the converted 2-D movements in the SAR images was derived based on the observation model of a SAR sensor. The 3-D movements were then calculated from three sets of detected 2-D movements that occurred within a short time period. Compared with GPS observations, the proposed method was found to be capable of detecting the 3-D crustal movements with sub-pixel accuracy.

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