Palynomorphological peculiarities of species Hypericum L. (Hypericaceae) of the flora of Ukraine

The palinomorphological features of six species of the genus Hypericum (H. аlpigenum, H. elegans, H. hirsutum, H. maculatum, H. montanum, H. perforatum) of the flora of Ukraine have been investigated. All species studied are valuable medicinal plants. However, only two species of raw material are officially permitted: H. perforatum and H. maculatum. Raw materials of other species can also be harvested from natural habitats, as they are wide spread in some regions of Ukraine and morphologically similar to pharmacopoeial species, but their admixture to the raw materials reduces its quality. The aim of research was to make a comparative morphological analysis of pollen grains six species of genus Hypericum of Ukrainian flora for determine the common and distinctive features that will identify the species of raw materials. We used a scanning electron microscope to investigate the pollen grains ultrascultures (CEM, JSM 6060 LA). The studies were performed according to the standard method. As a result of palynomorphological studies of six species of the genus Hypericum of the flora of Ukraine established, that the pollen grains of the species studied are small-sized, 3-colporate, ellipsoidal or spheroidal, outline in polar view ‒ trilobate, rounded-triangular, in equatorial elliptical. In all studied species the colpi are long, mostly with distinct margins, pointed ends and a granular membrane. The pores are undistinct. Sculpture exine in the investigated species of the genus Hypericum of the flora of Ukraine are microreticulate (H. perforatum, H. alpigenum) and reticulate (all other species studied). Morphometric features of pollen grains of the studied species: the length of the polar axis, equatorial diameter, colpus width, mesocolpium width, the diameter of the apocolpium, the ratio of the length of the polar axis to the equatorial diameter, the ratio of the mesocolpium widths and aperture widths can be used as additional diagnostic features in identification species of the genus Hypericum of Ukrainian flora.

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Investigation on the pollen morphology of traditional cultivars of Prunus species in Sicily

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2012.017 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

pp. 175-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Anna Geraci ◽

Vincenza Polizzano ◽

Pasquale Marino ◽

Rosario Schicchi

Keyword(s):

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar View ◽

Polar Axis ◽

Prunus Species ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

North East ◽

Equatorial Diameter ◽

Exine Sculpturing ◽

Traditional Cultivars ◽

Grain Surface

In this study pollen grains of 13 cultivars and 3 rootstocks belonging to 5 species (P. armeniaca, P. domestica, P. dulcis, P. persica, P. avium) of the genus Prunus collected from North-East Sicily were examined for the micromorphological characterization through the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The length of polar axis (P) and the equatorial diameter (E) of grain, P/E ratio, the length of colpi (C), diameter of perforations (DP) and the number of perforations in 25 μm2 (PN), the width of muri (WM), the distance between muri (DM) and their number in 25 μm2 (MN), the width of grooves (WG) were measured and their variation was compared among studied taxa. Moreover multivariate statistical analysis was carried out to distinguish morphometric information from measured parameters. All pollen grains are trizonocolpate, isopolar, medium-large sized and their shape varies from prolate to perprolate. Regarding outline pollen grains are subtriangular in polar view and elliptic in equatorial view. Exine sculpturing is striate with perforations on grain surface. The arrangement of ridges appears roughly parallel but too sloped (sometimes curved) compared to polar axis, or branched and oriented in different directions, or perfectly parallel or more irregular with bifurcated ridges often sinuous. The analyses showed a great variability (particularly in P. domestica cultivars) related in some cases to the diversity in the morphological features of the leaves and the fruits of the investigated entities.

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Pollen morphology and the flower visitors of Chaerophyllum coloratum L. (Apiaceae)

Acta Botanica Croatica ◽

10.1515/botcro-2016-0039 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Marina Mačukanović-Jocić ◽

Danijela Stešević ◽

Dragana Rančić ◽

Zora Dajić Stevanović

Keyword(s):

Light Microscopy ◽

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Polar View ◽

Polar Axis ◽

Equatorial Region ◽

Flower Visitors ◽

Polar Caps ◽

Equatorial Diameter

Abstract The pollen features of Chaerophyllum coloratum L., endemic to the Dinaric Alps, have been examined by both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in order to contribute to a better understanding of the taxonomic status of the species. Flower visitors have also been observed and analyzed with the aim of clarifying certain pollination aspects of the species including flower attractiveness especially to honeybees, and also in order to ascertain its contribution to the bee pasture. The pollen grains of C. coloratum are isopolar, radially symmetrical and medium sized. Polar axis (P) is 26.83±1.77 μm length, and equatorial diameter (E) is 9.17±0.57 μm length. P/E ratio amounts 2.90±0.10 indicating a perprolate shape. In an equatorial view, the grains are constricted in the equatorial region (bone-shaped), with obtuse polar caps. In polar view, they are triangular with obtuse angles and furrows in the sides of the triangle (interangular). The grains are tricolporate with three straight ectocolpi arranged regularly meridionally, of mean length 14.43±2.17 μm, each of which has one endopore. The characteristic internal thickenings around the protruding, clearly visible endopores (costae) in the constricted equatorial region are obvious in light microscopy. The ornamentation is psilate, irregularly rugulate (“cerebroid”), the exine surface is rather undulating. With regard to the observed flower visitors, the following pollination types occurred: melittophily, myophily, sapromyophily, cantharophily, and phalaenophily, and the most frequent pollinator was the honeybee.

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Agro-Morphological, Microanatomical and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of the Medicinal Plant Chelidonium majus L.

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9101396 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1396

Author(s):

Tatiana E. Samatadze ◽

Olga Y. Yurkevich ◽

Firdaus M. Hazieva ◽

Elena A. Konyaeva ◽

Alexander I. Morozov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

5S Rdna ◽

Raw Material ◽

Chelidonium Majus ◽

Diagnostic Features ◽

Molecular Cytogenetic ◽

Cytogenetic Characterization ◽

First Time

Chelidonium majus L. is a medicinal plant well-known as a valuable source of isoquinoline alkaloids, which has a variety of pharmacological properties including anti-viral and anti-bacterial effects. However, considerable intraspecific bio-morphological variability in C. majus complicates raw material identification and verification. For the first time, we have brought into cultivation five populations of C. majus subsp. majus originated from different regions, and performed their agro-morphological, microanatomical and molecular cytogenetic characterization. All examined populations produced high seed (18.6–19.9 kg/ha) and raw material (0.84–1.08 t/ha) yields; total alkaloid contents were within 0.30–0.38%. Nevertheless, significant differences in plant morphology and yield-contributing traits were observed. The performed microanatomical analysis of leaves and flowers in double- and normal-flowered plants revealed micro-diagnostic features (including tissue topography, types of stomata, laticifers, structure of leaf mesophyll, hairs, sepals and petals) important for identification of C. majus raw materials. The analysis of chromosome morphology, DAPI-banding patterns, FISH mapping of 45S and 5S rDNA and also chromosome behavior in meiosis allowed us to identify for the first time all chromosomes in karyotypes and confirm relative genotype stability of the studied plants. Our findings indicate that the examined C. majus populations can be used in further breeding programs.

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Pollen morphology of chestnut cultivars in southern China by using scanning electron microscope

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v49i1.49089 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 39-46

Author(s):

Huan Xiong ◽

De-Yi Yuan ◽

Ya Chen ◽

Genhua Niu ◽

Feng Zou

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Southern China ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar Axis ◽

Upgma Tree ◽

Equatorial Diameter ◽

Components Analysis ◽

Scanning Electron

The morphological characteristics of pollen grains of 16 cultivars belonging to two species of the genus Castanea (Castanea mollissima and C. henryi) collected from southern China were observed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The length of polar axis (PL), the equatorial diameter (ED), the length of colpus (CL) of grain, P/E ratio (polar axis to equatorial diameter), P/C ratio (polar axis to colpus length), and C/E ratio (colpus length to equatorial diameter) were measured and their variations were compared among studied taxa. The result of this study indicated that chestnut pollen grain was a tricolporate in aperture type, and aperprolate type in equatorial view. The morphological characteristics were mainly represented by PL, ED and CL as revealed by principal components analysis, which accounted for 99.56% of the total variations. The cluster analysis by the UPGMA tree divided the taxa into three groups and showed a great morphological affinity among the 16 cultivars.

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Pollen morphology in selected species of Caricaceae with special reference to novel palynological characters

Botany ◽

10.1139/cjb-2017-0125 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Lucía Melisa Zini ◽

Constanza Soledad Carrera ◽

Elsa Clorinda Lattar ◽

María Silvia Ferrucci

Keyword(s):

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Grain Morphology ◽

Polar View ◽

Area Index ◽

Equatorial Diameter ◽

Polar Index ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

Polar Diameter ◽

Taxonomic Groups

The pollen grain morphology of Jacaratia corumbensis Kuntze, J. spinosa (Aubl.) A.DC., Vasconcellea quercifolia A. St.-Hil., and Carica papaya L. from Argentine samples were examined for the first time, using light and scanning electron microscopes. Observations and measurements were performed on acetolyzed pollen grains. Principal-components analysis was performed for quantitative morphological variables. Pollen grains were tri-colporate with lalongate endoaperture, oblate spheroidal to prolate, medium, exine bireticulate or reticulate, with a granulate lumina. A fastigium was present. Novel palynological data in this study for species identification revealed the presence of margo in C. papaya and variations in endoaperture shapes in all the species. The endoaperture ends often were H-shaped or horn-shaped. A biplot showed clear separation of the four taxa based on the palynological traits. Vasconcellea quercifolia was strongly correlated with equatorial diameter, equatorial diameter in polar view, exine thickness, and polar diameter, whereas J. corumbensis and J. spinosa were positively correlated with polar index and polar area index, respectively. The distance between two colpi allowed the discrimination of C. papaya. We confirmed the homogenous nature for most of the qualitative palynological characters in Caricaceae, and demonstrated that pollen morphology in combination with statistical analyses is a reliable tool for delimiting taxonomic groups.

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Pollen morphology of Myrtaceae visited by social bees

Plant Science Today ◽

10.14719/pst.2019.6.2.475 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 98-105

Author(s):

Andreia Santos do Nascimento ◽

Carlos Alfredo Lopes de Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar View ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Medium Size ◽

Morphological Description ◽

Pollen Spectrum ◽

Social Bees ◽

Equatorial Diameter ◽

Polar Diameter

This study aimed to characterize species of Myrtaceae belonging to genera already identified in the pollen spectrum of beehive products of social bees, describing pollen grains morphology and correlating with taxonomic differences the species reported in the literature. For each plant species, measurements were made with 25 pollen grains in equatorial view and the polar diameter (PD) and equatorial diameter (ED) were measured. The exine thickness was obtained by measuring 10 pollen grains in polar view at the medium height of mesocolpium. The description of pollen morphology showed that pollen grains of the species are triangular amb, 3-colporates, psilate surface, small to medium size and oblate shape with the P/E ratio ranging from 0.52 to 0.72 µm. The morphological description of Myrtaceae species showed similarity between several characteristics common to pollen grains of this species. The description also allowed separation of nine species studied by size and specific morphological characters with the identification key, which can also be used to study the pollen spectrum of hive products.

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Pollen morphology of Carapa species (Meliaceae) from the Brazilian Amazon

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/1809-4392201505964 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 333-336

Author(s):

Alexsandro ZIDKO ◽

Luiz Antônio RODRIGUES ◽

Cláudia Barbieri Ferreira MENDONÇA ◽

Maria Lucia ABSY ◽

Marcos Gonçalves FERREIRA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar View ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Microscopy Study ◽

The Other ◽

Carapa Guianensis ◽

Equatorial Diameter ◽

Taxonomic Implications ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract The crabwood (Carapa) represents an important source of natural resources. The objective of this work was to study the pollen morphology of the three species of Carapa (Meliaceae) registered in the Brazilian Amazon. The pollen grains were obtained from floral buds, pistillate and staminate flowers of Carapa guianensis, C. surinamensis and C. vasquezii. In order to explore the taxonomic implications of the pollen study for these species of Carapa, lactic acetolysis method was used for light microscopy study. Furthermore, the non-acetolyzed material was used in the study of the scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the three Carapa species present little variations in pollen morphology. Compared to the other species this study, Carapa vasquezii has higher values for the length and width of endoaperture; however, it has lower values for polar and equatorial diameter, equatorial diameter in polar view and apocolpium side.

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Quantitative Anatomical Characteristics of the Leaf Blades of the Several Species of Crataegus L.

Drug development & registration ◽

10.33380/2305-2066-2021-10-4-138-146 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 138-146

Author(s):

V. A. Sagaradze ◽

E. Yu. Babaeva ◽

E. I. Kalenikova ◽

N. A. Trusov ◽

E. V. Peshchanskaya

Keyword(s):

Russian Federation ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Glandular Trichomes ◽

Raw Material ◽

Medical Utilization ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Diagnostic Features ◽

Stomatal Apparatus ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Characteristic Features

Introduction. The Crataegus L. (Hawthorn) is a common herb in numerous Pharmacopoeias. The State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation provides hawthorn fruits and flowers for medical utilization. With that, the literature data confirms the medical utility of hawthorn leaves since the “leaves” and the “flowers with leaves” have pharmacopoeial status worldwide. Therefore, those are considered as prospective forms of Crataegus raw material for Russian pharmaceutical production. However, most species remain poorly pharmacognostically investigated regarding the quantitative microscopic characteristics (the sizes of stomatal apparatus (SA) and epidermal leaf blade (LB) trichomes), which could be substantial for establishing the authenticity of the raw material.Aim. Examine epidermal anatomy of Crataegus spp. Leaf blades (LBs) and perform a comparative study of several quantitative diagnostic features of LBs of hawthorn plants from the sect. Sanguineae and the sect. Crataegus, growing in diverse regions of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. Samples of hawthorn leaves (C. sanguinea, C. maximowiczii, C. dahurica, C. rhipidophylla, C. monogyna and C. pallasii) were collected in natural habitats in Western Siberia (Kemerovo) and in arboretums of Botanical Gardens (Moscow, Stavropol). Measurements of anatomical structures were carried out using a light microscope accompanied by an ocular micrometre.Results and discussion. The LB surface phenotypic diversity within hawthorn species and sections was studied. The LBs were described in terms of meterages (longitude and width) of SA, meterages and shape of sedentary multicellular leaf teeth glands. The peculiarities of pubescence and the sizes of simple unicellular non-glandular trichomes were also observed.Conclusion. The results of quantitative anatomical examination provided the characteristic features determining these elements at the species and section levels. Thus, it may facilitate authentication and quality control of whole or ground Crataegus medicinal raw material.

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Pollen morphology of Malvaceae genera from Saudi Arabia and its taxonomic significance

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.21.15.05.p3129 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 725-742

Author(s):

Kadry Abdel khalik ◽

Suad Al- Ruzayza ◽

Abdullah Assiri ◽

Ahmed Elkordy

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Polar Axis ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Average Height ◽

Prolate Spheroidal ◽

Oblate Spheroidal ◽

Equatorial Diameter ◽

Pollen Shape

Pollen morphology of 20 species belong to seven genera (Abutilon, Althaea, Hibiscus, Malva, Pavonia, Senra and Sida) of Malvaceae from Saudi Arabia were studied by using light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Quantitative and qualitative pollen morphological characters which vary among investigated taxa are found in the pollen polarity, symmetry, size, shape, polar axis, equatorial diameter, P/E ratio, average height and width of spine, aperature character and spine index. The pollen grains vary from spheroidal, prolate spheroidal, oblate spheroidal to suboblate. All taxa were characterized by relatively large to medium sized pollen grains, numerous pores scattered irregularly all over the grain, and echinate sculpturing. Sida ovata is the largest size pollen grain (138.95) µm. On the other hand, Malva parviflora showed the smallest pollen size (52.28 µm). The average height and width of spine varied greatly among studied taxa. The highest spines (20.65µm) found in Sida ovata, while the shortest (3.19 µm) was found in Abutilon pannosum. Results of the pollen shape, size, and exine sculpture characters offered useful data for evaluating the taxonomy of Malvaceae both on subgeneric and sectional levels. A key for the identification of the investigated taxa based on pollen grains characters is also provided

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Palynological characterization and genetic divergence between accessions of chilli and sweet peppers

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362013000400010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 568-573 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kellen C Martins ◽

Sérgio Alessandro M Souza ◽

Telma Nair S Pereira ◽

Rosana Rodrigues ◽

Messias G Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Divergence ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Principal Component ◽

Polar View ◽

Polar Axis ◽

Area Index ◽

Front View ◽

Capsicum Spp ◽

Polar Area

This study characterised pollen grains morphologically and studied the genetic divergence between accessions based on morphopollinic characters. Seven accessions, including domesticated, semi-domesticated and wild species of Capsicum (C. annuum var. annuum, C. chinense, C. baccatum var. pendulum, C. frutescens, Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum, C. baccatum var. baccatum and C. parvifolium), were cultivated in a greenhouse and their pollen grains collected and fixed during flowering. The pollen grains were acetolysed and described based on 13 pollinic characteristics (polar and equatorial axes, in an equatorial front view; ratio between polar axis and equatorial axis; equatorial axis in a polar view; thicknesses of the exine, sexine and nexine; apocolpus side; polar area index; length and diameter of the pore and colpus). The genetic divergence analysis between the accessions was based on the standardised average Euclidean distance, and the grouping analysis was based on Ward's method. PCA (principal component analysis) is another multivariate method that was used. Based on Ward's method and PCA, it was possible to group the accessions into two groups, and the groups formed correlated with the classification of the gene pool complexes already described for the genus. According to this classification, the Capsicum genus comprises three major groups: C. annuum, C. chinense and C. frutescens form the annuum complex; C. baccatum and C. pratermissum form the baccatum complex; and C. eximium, C. cardenasii and C. pubescens form the pubescens complex. The variable width of the pores was the most discriminating in this morphopollinic study of Capsicum spp.

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