Agro-Morphological, Microanatomical and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of the Medicinal Plant Chelidonium majus L.

Chelidonium majus L. is a medicinal plant well-known as a valuable source of isoquinoline alkaloids, which has a variety of pharmacological properties including anti-viral and anti-bacterial effects. However, considerable intraspecific bio-morphological variability in C. majus complicates raw material identification and verification. For the first time, we have brought into cultivation five populations of C. majus subsp. majus originated from different regions, and performed their agro-morphological, microanatomical and molecular cytogenetic characterization. All examined populations produced high seed (18.6–19.9 kg/ha) and raw material (0.84–1.08 t/ha) yields; total alkaloid contents were within 0.30–0.38%. Nevertheless, significant differences in plant morphology and yield-contributing traits were observed. The performed microanatomical analysis of leaves and flowers in double- and normal-flowered plants revealed micro-diagnostic features (including tissue topography, types of stomata, laticifers, structure of leaf mesophyll, hairs, sepals and petals) important for identification of C. majus raw materials. The analysis of chromosome morphology, DAPI-banding patterns, FISH mapping of 45S and 5S rDNA and also chromosome behavior in meiosis allowed us to identify for the first time all chromosomes in karyotypes and confirm relative genotype stability of the studied plants. Our findings indicate that the examined C. majus populations can be used in further breeding programs.

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FLAVONOIDS FROM THE BUDS OF THE HORSE CHESTNUT (AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM L.)

chemistry of plant raw material ◽

10.14258/jcprm.2020036330 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 123-129

Author(s):

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kurkin ◽

Pavel Viktorovich Belov

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Uv Spectroscopy ◽

Raw Material ◽

Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽

Horse Chestnut ◽

Plant Raw Materials ◽

Wide Range ◽

New Type ◽

First Time

The buds of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L., Hippocastanaceae family) is a new promising species of medicinal plant raw material. The prospect of studying the buds of this plant is due to the content of flavonoids in them, which have a wide range of pharmacological effects. Flavonoids are interesting for their capillary-strengthening action, which allows them to be used in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. This fact is consistent with the practice of using drugs from other organs of horse chestnut (seeds, leaves) as venotonic and angioprotective drugs. In addition, flavonoids are also characterized by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antifungal activity. The actuality of the study of horse chestnut buds as a new type of medicinal plant material is also supported by the need to develop of the new effective and safe drugs based on the raw materials of this plant. The aim of this study was to determine the flavonoid composition of the buds of Aesulus hippocastanum. In the course of the work from the buds of horse chestnut by the method of column chromatography on silica gel L 100/160 was for the first time there were isolated and characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, UV spectroscopy and mass spectrometry the flavonoid compounds rhamnocitrin (7-O-methylkaempferol), and accompanying 7,4′-dimethylkaempferol. The dominant and diagnostic significant flavonoid for the horse chestnut buds is rhamnocitrin. The results indicate the prospects for further study of the buds of the horse chestnut as a new type of medicinal plant raw materials.

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TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING PECTIN CONCENTRATE FROM ROSEHIP FRUITS

Farmaciâ Kazahstana ◽

10.53511/pharmkaz.2021.40.42.023 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 87-90

Author(s):

М.Ж. Кизатова ◽

Д.А. Абдуллаева

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Plant Raw Materials ◽

Plant Raw Material ◽

Pectin Substances

Статья посвящена важности пектиновых веществ, а также расширению сферы использования лекарственного растительного сырья. В качестве лекарственного растительного сырья представлены технологии получения пектинового экстракта из плодов шиповника, которые встречаются на территории Казахстана 25 видов. Применение пектина в медицине. The article is devoted to the importance of pectin substances, as well as to the expansion of the use of medicinal plant raw materials. As a medicinal plant raw material, technologies for obtaining pectin extract from rosehip fruits, which are found in 25 species on the territory of Kazakhstan, are presented. The use of pectin in medicine

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New data on flint processing of East Trypillia tribes of the Bug-Dnieper interfluve

Vita Antiqua ◽

10.37098/va-2021-13-113-128 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 113-128

Author(s):

Ye.V. Pichkur ◽

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Production Waste ◽

The West ◽

Quantitative Ratio ◽

Lithic Industry ◽

Modern Level ◽

First Time ◽

Local Nature

For the first time, materials of such settlements of the East Trypillia culture as Trostyanchyk, Onopriyivka І are published. Despite approximately the same quantitative ratio, even at first glance, the materials of these two leaflets differ significantly from each other. The Trostyanchyk complex is actually blade-type: blades prevail both among production waste and among the tool kit. Flakes and tools on them dominate in Onopriyivka. If the Trostyanchyk complex can be regarded as "classic" in terms of the tool kit: retouched blades, end-scrapers, sickle inserts, perforators on blades, etc., then the Onopriyivka complex looks more primitive: retouched flakes, notched tools and scrapers on flakes, and others. In Onopriyivka, unlike Trostyanchyk, finds of weapons are completely absent. Products from Onopriyivka are made mainly of local raw materials, while in Trostyanchyk there are approximately equal parts of products from local and imported raw materials, and products from local flint are made as carefully as products from Volyn flint. At the same time, in both cases we can confidently speak of the local nature of production. This is evidenced by both the use of local flint raw material and the specific items present in both collections. In Trostyanchyk, as already mentioned, a hammerstone was found, in Onopriyivka — core-like fragments and chips of modify of cores. Such differences can be explained by both territorial and chronological discrepancies. Onopriyivka I is earlier, refers to the end of stage ВІ, Trostyanchyk — to the end of stage ВІІ. Trostyanchyk is located on the Southern Bug, Onopriyivka — in the Bugo-Dnieper interfluve. Although, perhaps, this situation is explained by the unevenness of the study of these sites. In addition, materials from the Vladyslavchyk settlement are published for the first time. Based on their analysis, using analogies from related and synchronous sites, the author tried to identify the features of the East Trypillia lithic industry in the Bug-Dnieper rivers interfluve. As it turned out, at the modern level, the identification of such features is not possible. The materials of the East Trypillia culture of the region are, on the whole, more similar to the materials of the settlements of the West Trypillia culture, than to related sites on the Southern Bug. Keywords: East Trypillia culture, Kukutenʹ-Trypillya, production, flint processing, Bug-Dnieper interfluve

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Effect of mechanically activated raw materials on β-sialon formation by combustion synthesis

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.2007.0338 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 22 (10) ◽

pp. 2863-2867 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ramasamy Sivakumar ◽

Kazuhiko Aoyagi ◽

Tomohiro Akiyama

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Activation ◽

Combustion Synthesis ◽

Milling Time ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

First Time

The influence of different raw material mixtures on β-sialon (Si6−zAlzOzN8−z, 1 ⩽ z ⩽ 4) formation through mechanical activation coupled combustion synthesis (MA-CS) was investigated in low nitriding atmosphere of 1 MPa without diluent inclusions. The MA-CS performed for the first time on sialon raw materials with milling time of 18 min obtained sialons more than three times as pure as those obtained by CS of mixtures ball milled to 1 h (z = 3). The starting materials containing silicon, aluminum, and alumina (z = 4) after MA-CS had an increment of sialon amounts up to 88 mass%.

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Medicinal flora of the Middle Urals – a prospective source of obtaining medicines

Drug development & registration ◽

10.33380/2305-2066-2021-10-4(1)-32-36 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 32-36

Author(s):

A. Yu. Turyshev ◽

V. D. Belonogova ◽

A. A. Orlova ◽

K. O. Sidorov ◽

A. Yu. Skornyakova

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Quantitative Assessment ◽

Raw Materials ◽

The State ◽

Raw Material ◽

Middle Urals ◽

The Middle Urals ◽

Plant Raw Materials ◽

Medicinal Flora

Introduction. Medicinal plant raw materials are one of the most important sources of herbal remedies used both for the prevention and treatment of a number of diseases [1, 2]. Even with the development of modern science and chemistry, medicinal plant raw materials are widely used in both folk and official medicine. The advantage of medicinal plants is their wide range of biological activity, low toxicity and the possibility of long-term use without significant side effects. Human economic activity has a noticeable negative effect on the condition of wild-growing plants: their stocks are decreasing, and some species disappear altogether. Today, given the high level of development of industry and agriculture, the procurement of raw materials for wild medicinal plants is not always possible. Information on the quantitative assessment of the raw material base of wild medicinal plants in the Middle Urals, the content of biologically active substances in medicinal plant raw materials is partially outdated, which determines the need for their systemic resource study and chemical-pharmacognostic study.Aim. Comprehensive assessment of the state of populations of wild medicinal plants in the Middle Urals.Materials and methods. Determination of stocks of raw materials of the studied species of medicinal plants was carried out on specific thickets according to the generally accepted method. The authenticity of the raw materials was established by a macroscopic method when collecting raw material samples. In the course of the study, samples of medicinal plant materials of 5 types were prepared. The determination and assessment of the main indicators of the good quality of medicinal plant raw materials (the content of active and extractive substances, moisture in the mass upon drying, total ash and ash insoluble in a 10% solution of hydrochloric acid) was carried out according to the methods and requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XIV edition. In the raw materials Artemisiae absinthii herba and Leonuri herba, the amount of extractives was determined by the gravimetric method. The quantitative assessment of the content of essential oil in the samples of Origani vulgaris herba and Tanaceti vulgaris flores was carried out by the method of hydrodistillation. To determine the quantitative content of the sum of flavonoids in Hyperici herba, Artemisiae absinthii herba, Leonuri herba and the sum of flavonoids and phenolcarboxylic acids in Tanaceti vulgaris flores, a spectrophotometric method was used.Results and discussion. In the course of resource and phytochemical studies of representatives of the medicinal flora of the Middle Urals, a comprehensive assessment of the state of populations of wild medicinal plants – sources of medicinal plant raw materials (Origani vulgaris herba, Hyperici herba, Tanaceti vulgaris flores, Artemisiae absinthii herba and Leonuri herba) was carried out. The results are included in the electronic inventory of wild medicinal plants of the Middle Urals.Conclusion. The conducted complex of studies will allow updating information about the medicinal flora of the Middle Urals in order to use raw materials for the creation of medicines.

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Chromosome polymorphism in species of the genus Hedysarum L. (Fabaceae) originated from Southern Sibеria

Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии ◽

10.14258/pbssm.2020003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 14-16

Author(s):

O. Yu. Yurkevich ◽

T. E. Samatadze ◽

I. Yu. Selyutina ◽

S. I. Romashkina ◽

S. A. Zoshchuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Close Relationships ◽

5S Rdna ◽

Chromosomal Polymorphism ◽

Rdna Locus ◽

Chromosome Polymorphism ◽

45S Rdna ◽

High Similarity ◽

Southern Siberia ◽

Molecular Cytogenetic ◽

First Time

For the first time, chromosomal polymorphism in karyotypes of three species from the section Hedysarum (= syn. Gamotion) of the genus Hedysarum L. (Fabaceae) grown in Southern Siberia has been studied with the useof molecular cytogenetic markers. This comparative molecular cytogenetic analysis revealed high similarity in morphology of chromosomes in H. alpinum L., H. austrosibiricum B. Fedtsch. and H. theinum Krasnob. as well as in patterns ofdistribution of 45S and 5S rDNA loci in their karyotypes confirming their close relationships. Considerable intra-specificpolymorphism on 45S rDNA chromosome localization was detected in H. theinum. In karyotype of H. alpinum, unlikethe other two species, two chromosome pairs bearing 5S rDNA locus were observed which could be used as additionalspecies-specific markers.

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The Potential for REE and Associated Critical Metals in Karstic Bauxites and Bauxite Residue of Montenegro

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11090975 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 975

Author(s):

Slobodan Radusinović ◽

Argyrios Papadopoulos

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Bauxite Residue ◽

Raw Material ◽

Late Triassic ◽

Critical Metals ◽

Critical Elements ◽

Secondary Raw Material ◽

Increasing Demand ◽

First Time ◽

Critical Raw Materials

Research for critical raw materials is of special interest, due to their increasing demand, opulence of applications and shortage of supply. Bauxites, or bauxite residue after alumina extraction can be sources of critical raw materials (CRMs) due to their content of rare earth elements and other critical elements. Montenegrin bauxites and bauxite residue (red mud) are investigated for their mineralogy and geochemistry. The study of the CRM’s potential of the Montenegrin bauxite residue after the application of Bayer process, is performed for the first time. Montenegrin bauxites, (Jurassic bauxites from the Vojnik-Maganik and Prekornica ore regions from the Early Jurassic, Middle Jurassic-Oxfordian and Late Triassic paleorelief) are promising for their REE’s content (around 1000 ppm of ΣREE’s). More specifically, they are especially enriched in LREEs compared to HREEs. Regarding other CRMs and other elements, Ti, V, Zr, Nb, Sr and Ga could also be promising. In bauxite residue, the contents of Zr, Sr, V, Sc, La, Ce, Y, Ti and Nb are higher than those in bauxites. However, raw bauxites and bauxite residue as a secondary raw material can be considered as possible sources of CRMs.

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Molecular cytogenetic characterization, leaf anatomy and ultrastructure of the medicinal plant Potentilla alba L.

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution ◽

10.1007/s10722-018-0640-7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (6) ◽

pp. 1637-1647 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tatiana E. Samatadze ◽

Svyatoslav A. Zoshchuk ◽

Anna S. Khomik ◽

Alexandra V. Amosova ◽

Natalya Yu. Svistunova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Leaf Anatomy ◽

Molecular Cytogenetic ◽

Cytogenetic Characterization ◽

Anatomy And Ultrastructure

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New challenges in the study of lithic raw materials in central Italy at the dawn of metal working societies: La Pietra and other radiolarite quarry-workshops in Tuscany

Journal of Lithic Studies ◽

10.2218/jls.v3i2.1466 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sem Scaramucci ◽

Vanessa Volpi ◽

Armando Costantini ◽

Marco Giamello ◽

Alessandro Donati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Central Italy ◽

Raw Material ◽

Copper Age ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Archaeological Data ◽

Geochemical Analyses ◽

First Time ◽

Non Destructive

In central-southern Tuscany radiolarite has been used as a lithic raw material throughout prehistory. During the Copper Age it was selected for the local production of leaf-shaped artefacts. In the area considered, the Copper Age record is almost totally restricted to burials and virtually no settlements have been investigated so far. Radiolarite artefacts are found mostly as refined arrow and, possibly javelin, heads used as grave goods.Within this context, the discovery and recent investigation of the large radiolarite quarry of La Pietra (Roccastrada, Grosseto) and of the related workshops is of great interest. Our aim here is to integrate the record from this site with other contemporary evidence of radiolarite exploitation. A programme of surveys has thus begun on the other radiolarite outcrops of the area in order to verify the existence of further rock quarrying or working. The discovery of a previously unknown quarry-workshop and two previously unknown workshops on radiolarite outcrops is presented here for the first time. The geological and archaeological data coming from the quarry-workshops will be used, in a future stage of research, to source the radiolarite artefacts found in Copper Age graves of Central Italy. The Copper age armatures are valuable artefacts mostly kept in museums and fully non-destructive analyses must be applied to them. To tackle these challenges, we followed a methodological approach which integrates field surveys, the individuation of petrographic markers of the most exploited radiolarite horizons and geochemical analyses. For geochemical characterization, we made use of pXRF portable spectrometer and here we present some preliminary results in the light of current methodological debate.In conclusion, even if some methodological questions remain open, we verified the feasibility of this programme of geographical, geological and geochemical characterizations and need now to increase our dataset in order to reconstruct a viable picture of Copper age lithic economy in central-southern Tuscany.

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Quality Numerical Indicators of Raw Materials of Sanguisorba Officinalis L. Growing on Overburden Dumps of Kuzbass Coal Surface Mines

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201910502004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 105 ◽

pp. 02004

Author(s):

Natalya Egorova ◽

Irina Egorova ◽

Elena Maltseva ◽

Andrey Sukhikh

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Coal Mine ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Open Pit ◽

Normal Range ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Sanguisorba Officinalis ◽

Overburden Dumps

Medicinal plant materials quality assessment of the Sanguisorba officinalis L. growing on the Kedrovsky coal mine dumps in Kemerovo region is given. The analysis of obtained burnet raw material quality indicators (moisture, total ash, insoluble in hydrochloric acid, quantitative content of tannins, heavy metals, radionuclides) showed that this vegetable raw material match with the requirements of PhI.2.5.0078.18 “Sanguisorba officinalis L. rhizome and roots”. Tannins average content in the burnet rhizomes and roots was 15.708 ± 0.307%, which is within the normal range (up to 14%). It was found that the heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) content does not exceed the MPC adopted for medicinal plant raw materials (G.Ph.A.5.5.000.0009.15). The obtained indicators for the artificial radionuclides (Cs-137, Sr-90) content showed that their quantity in the raw material is also within the normal range and their actual content is several times less than the normalized one. From the point of radiological safety view the studied raw materials are not dangerous since they accumulate 0.36% Sr-90 and 0.42% Cs-137 from the levels established by regulatory documentation. Therefore, the burnet medicinal plant raw material harvested at the Kedrovsky open-pit coal mine on the territory of waste dump does not represent a danger to human health.

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