scholarly journals Comparable Description of Phonological Systems of the Chinese and Russian Languages as a Scientific Basis for the Methodology of Teaching Russian Students the Sound Structure of Words of the Chinese Language

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-172
Author(s):  
A. N. Aleksakhin
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Language ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Sound System ◽  
Phonological Structure ◽  
Sound Structure ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Phonological System

Russian and Chinese, like all human languages, are objectively based on their unique phonological systems. The phonological system of the Chinese language is defined by the vocal dominant: 34 vowels and 25 consonants. The phonological system of the Russian language is characterized by the consonant dominant: 6 vowels and 35 consonants. A comparable description of the phonological systems of Chinese and Russian languages is carried out on the basis of a comparison of letter orthograms of the words of Chinese and Russian. Alphabetic orthograms of Chinese words were legally adopted in China in 1958. The developed and tested phoneme theory (consonant and vowel) to describe the sound system of the Chinese language reveals the general and special in phonetic-phonological structure of the words of the Russian and Chinese languages and provides comparability of descriptions of phonological systems of these languages.

scholarly journals THE PRINCIPLES OF PHONOLOGICAL WORD STRUCTURE COMPARISON OF RUSSIAN AND CHINESE LANGUAGES

2014 ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
A. N. Aleksakhin
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Structure Comparison ◽  
Word Structure ◽  
Phonological Structure ◽  
Zero Position ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Phonological System

The article is devoted to the phonological structure of words of Russian and Chinese languages. With phonological point of view the word as a Central significant unit of language is a sequence of consonants and vowel phonemes. A comparative study shows that the phonological structure of the Russian words prevail consonant phonemes and the phonological structure of the Chinese words prevail vowel phonemes. The phonological system of the Russian language is characterized by consonant dominant, and the phonological system of the Chinese language Mandarin is characterized by vocal dominant. In the vowel system of the Russian language there are six vowel phonemes, in the vowel system of the Chinese language Mandarin there are thirty-one vowel phonemes. The typical sound pattern of words of the Chinese language consists of vowel combinations. The strong (vowels differ in different effective modes of vocal cords) vowels are implemented in the even phonological position; the weak vowels are implemented in the left and right odd phonological positions of the syllabic matrix 0123. Consonant phonemes of the Chinese language are implemented only in the zero phonological position. The Sound variety of simple one-syllable words of the Chinese language is constructed by oppositions: twenty-five consonants in the zero position, thirty-one strong vowel phonemes in the even position, as well as three weak vowels in the left odd position and five weak vowels in the right odd position . The typical distribution of consonant and vowel phonemes is shown in the following examples of words: 0123 - guai «obedient», gudi «rotate», guài «strange». The opposition of weak vowels with a derivative phonological zero is also an effective method of making words: guai «obedient» - gai «must» - gua « blow» - ga «a dark corner». Both Russian and Chinese Synharmonia variety of sound words is supported by five derivative phonological zeros that are phonetically in Russian and Chinese are implemented by weak vowels. It is demonstrated for the first time that the Vowel harmony (Synharmonia) is a universal means for phonetic cel'nooformlennost' (phonetic unity) of words in Russian and Chinese languages.

scholarly journals On the problem of typological research of the Russian phonetic system in a linguodidactic context

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Е.Л. Бархударова
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Foreign Accent ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Sound Structure ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Russian Language

В основе разработки курсов практической фонетики, адресованных иноязычной аудитории, лежит анализ типологического своеобразия фонетической системы изучаемого языка в контексте лингводидактики. К числу важных направлений типологического исследования звукового строя русского языка следует отнести, во-первых, изучение соотношения консонантизма и вокализма в его фонетической системе на иноязычном фоне, во-вторых, – анализ позиционных закономерностей русской фонетической системы в сопоставлении с функционированием звуковых единиц в типологически разных языках. В позиционных закономерностях звукового строя языка наиболее ярко проявляется его идиоматичность: в каждом языке позиционные закономерности носят специфический характер и определяются соотношением парадигматики и синтагматики звуковых единиц. Большое число фонологически значимых отклонений в иностранном акценте обусловлено интерферирующим воздействием позиционных закономерностей родного языка на русскую речь учащихся. The development of practical phonetics courses addressed to a foreign audience is based on the analysis of the typological features of the phonetic system of the target language in the context of linguodidactics. It is necessary to designate two important areas of typological research of the sound structure of the Russian language: the study of the relationship of consonantism and vocalism in its phonetic system against a foreign language background and the analysis of positional rules of the Russian phonetic system in comparison with the functioning of sound units in typologically different languages. Idiomatic character of the language is most clearly manifested in the positional patterns of its sound structure. In each language, positional patterns are specific and are determined by the dominance of paradigmatic or syntagmatic relations of sound units. A large number of phonologically significant deviations in a foreign accent are due to the interfering influence of the positional laws of the native language on the Russian speech of students.

scholarly journals Psycholinguistic Studies of Chinese Worldview Fragments

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-49
Author(s):  
Olga V. Dubkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Chinese Word ◽  
Chinese Speakers ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Practical Research ◽  
Mental Connections ◽  
The Russian Language

At present, fragments of the Chinese worldview are studied on the basis of theoretical and practical research developed by the Moscow Psycholinguistic School. In Russian and Chinese psycholinguistics, sufficient material has been accumulated to determine the main advantages of the free associative experiment. The problems of identifying stimulus words and interpreting reactions reflecting the Chinese picture of the world are also obvious. The free associative experiment allows us to determine the deep mental connections of the phonetic and graphic appearance of the Chinese word, represented by graphemes different from those of the Russian language, the latter having their own lexical and additional “graphic” meaning. The difficulties in learning languages of different typological systems are associated with the problems of compiling a vocabulary of stimulus words and the possibility of a multivalued interpretation of Chinese recipients’ reactions, reflecting the images of the Chinese consciousness. For this reason, it is unacceptable to transfer the “reification” of fragments of the Russian worldview to the fragments of the Chinese worldview. When compiling a vocabulary of stimulus words, one should take into account the structural and grammatical features of the Chinese word, the structure of Chinese characters and their origin, the frequency in the speech of native speakers, etc. To interpret the reactions of a free associative experiment, in addition to bilingual dictionaries, it is advisable to use various dictionaries of the Chinese language, including etymological ones. Based on the established tradition of analyzing the results of associative experiments, the author typologizes the reactions of Chinese speakers, which allows to establish the dynamics of the Chinese worldview.

scholarly journals PARAMETRIC ADJECTIVES EVALUATION OF A HUMAN FIGURE IN THE RUSSIAN PICTURE OF THE WORLD ON THE BACK OF THE CHINESE LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 148-158
Author(s):  
Zhang Hong ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Figure ◽  
Human Image ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Cultural Features

The article is devoted to the analysis of parametric adjectives of the evaluation of the human figure in the Russian language through the prism of the Chinese language. The author reveals the ethnospecific features of Russian parametric adjectives, the presence of which causes certain difficulties for native speakers of the Chinese language picture of the world. The comparative analysis of these lexical units in the two languages reveals the national-cultural features of the perception of the human image and the features of the fragments of the national linguistic picture of the world in intercultural communication.

scholarly journals Regional Component in Teaching Russian as a Foreign Language (Republic Sakha (Yakutia))

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Kristina P. Kirillina
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Sound System ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Regional Component ◽  
Training Exercises ◽  
The Russian Language

The regional component in teaching foreigners the Russian language is becoming increasingly important in the modern educational space. The article presents the methodology of teaching foreign students from China and South Korea to Russian phonetics using vargan, the national instrument of the Yakutia. The methodological basis of the study includes comparison, observation, study and summary of personal experience in a foreign audience. The indicated methods made it possible to prove the musical instrument vargan has a wide potential in teaching the phonetics of foreign students in the Russian language classes. It removes language difficulties, corrects the production of sounds, promotes the development of musical ear and motivation to learn the Russian language, relieve fatigue, and overcome the intercultural barrier. During the analysis of the main phonetic difficulties of students from China and South Korea, similar and distinctive features of the sound system of the native and Russian languages were highlighted, a system of training exercises was proposed that would interest students in pronunciation, practicing and correcting specific unpronounceable Russian sounds. Prospects for the study are the further use of the harbor in the classroom with students from countries such as Japan, Vietnam, India, Italy, Hungary, France, which have a similar musical instrument.

scholarly journals Phonetics and orthoepy: Status, object and tasks of two disciplines

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-581
Author(s):  
Maria L. Kalenchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Level ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Sound System ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Status ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Russian Language

It is known that two linguistic disciplines — phonetics and orthoepy — coexist on the sound level of the Russian language. The question of the relationship between the status, object and tasks of these sections as independent linguistic disciplines is debatable. In the works of modern scientists, two main approaches to the definition of phonetics and orthoepy can be found. Some linguists traditionally believe that both sections of the science of spoken speech study the same language material, but from different angles. Others attempt to differentiate the areas of responsibility of phonetics and orthoepy, showing that they operate in principle with different sound facts. The article formulates and analyzes these points of view and offers a new approach that allows not to contrast phonetics and orthoepy, but to combine them on the basis of the principle of positional structure. The implementation of a phoneme under the action of an orthoepic regularity is probabilistically predicted by a number of factors of different nature — phonetic, lexical, grammatical, word-forming, graphic and sociolinguistic, which were previously proposed to be called orthoepic positions. These factors do not operate in isolation, but there is a complex hierarchical system of relationships between them. It is possible to provide a description of the sound system of the Russian language, in which pronouncing patterns are divided not into phonetic and orthoepic, but into positional and non-positional. The concepts of phonetic and orthoepic positions can either be combined into a single concept of pronouncing positions, or, while preserving the concepts of phonetic and orthoepic positions, the former can be considered as a particular manifestation of the latter, which removes the question of differences between phonetics and orthoepy.

scholarly journals Comparative-semantic analysis of the adverb of time frequency in the Chinese and Russian languages

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Лянь Цзинь
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Language

This article presents a comparative research of adverbs with the meaning of time in the Russian and Chinese languages. Analysis is conducted on the adverb of time in the Russian languages; characteristic is given to macro- and micro-aspects. Macro-description is an attempt to determine and classify the adverbs of time. Micro-aspect, first and foremost, implies semantic analysis of a specific adverb of time. The subject of this research is the adverb of time ‘always’ in the Russian language in comparison with the corresponding adverb in the Chinese language. The goal of this research consists in the analysis of semantic characteristics and variables that depend on the semantics of grammatical and pragmatic characteristics of the adverb of time frequency “always” in the Russian as compared to the Chinese language. The scientific novelty lies in description of the macro- and micro- aspects, identification of semantic and compatible characteristics of the adverb of time frequency ‘always ' in the Russian languahe in comparison with the corresponding adverb in the Chinese — 总是 [zong shi]. The acquired results indicate that the use of the adverb ‘always’ with the meaning of continuity or frequency requires fulfilling certain conditions. This article can be valuable in further research on the topic, in theory and practice of translation, as well as in teaching Russian as a foreign language to the Chinese students.

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