scholarly journals THE PRINCIPLES OF PHONOLOGICAL WORD STRUCTURE COMPARISON OF RUSSIAN AND CHINESE LANGUAGES

2014 ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
A. N. Aleksakhin
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Structure Comparison ◽  
Word Structure ◽  
Phonological Structure ◽  
Zero Position ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Phonological System

The article is devoted to the phonological structure of words of Russian and Chinese languages. With phonological point of view the word as a Central significant unit of language is a sequence of consonants and vowel phonemes. A comparative study shows that the phonological structure of the Russian words prevail consonant phonemes and the phonological structure of the Chinese words prevail vowel phonemes. The phonological system of the Russian language is characterized by consonant dominant, and the phonological system of the Chinese language Mandarin is characterized by vocal dominant. In the vowel system of the Russian language there are six vowel phonemes, in the vowel system of the Chinese language Mandarin there are thirty-one vowel phonemes. The typical sound pattern of words of the Chinese language consists of vowel combinations. The strong (vowels differ in different effective modes of vocal cords) vowels are implemented in the even phonological position; the weak vowels are implemented in the left and right odd phonological positions of the syllabic matrix 0123. Consonant phonemes of the Chinese language are implemented only in the zero phonological position. The Sound variety of simple one-syllable words of the Chinese language is constructed by oppositions: twenty-five consonants in the zero position, thirty-one strong vowel phonemes in the even position, as well as three weak vowels in the left odd position and five weak vowels in the right odd position . The typical distribution of consonant and vowel phonemes is shown in the following examples of words: 0123 - guai «obedient», gudi «rotate», guài «strange». The opposition of weak vowels with a derivative phonological zero is also an effective method of making words: guai «obedient» - gai «must» - gua « blow» - ga «a dark corner». Both Russian and Chinese Synharmonia variety of sound words is supported by five derivative phonological zeros that are phonetically in Russian and Chinese are implemented by weak vowels. It is demonstrated for the first time that the Vowel harmony (Synharmonia) is a universal means for phonetic cel'nooformlennost' (phonetic unity) of words in Russian and Chinese languages.

scholarly journals Comparable Description of Phonological Systems of the Chinese and Russian Languages as a Scientific Basis for the Methodology of Teaching Russian Students the Sound Structure of Words of the Chinese Language

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-172
Author(s):  
A. N. Aleksakhin
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Language ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Sound System ◽  
Phonological Structure ◽  
Sound Structure ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Phonological System

Russian and Chinese, like all human languages, are objectively based on their unique phonological systems. The phonological system of the Chinese language is defined by the vocal dominant: 34 vowels and 25 consonants. The phonological system of the Russian language is characterized by the consonant dominant: 6 vowels and 35 consonants. A comparable description of the phonological systems of Chinese and Russian languages is carried out on the basis of a comparison of letter orthograms of the words of Chinese and Russian. Alphabetic orthograms of Chinese words were legally adopted in China in 1958. The developed and tested phoneme theory (consonant and vowel) to describe the sound system of the Chinese language reveals the general and special in phonetic-phonological structure of the words of the Russian and Chinese languages and provides comparability of descriptions of phonological systems of these languages.

scholarly journals Psycholinguistic Studies of Chinese Worldview Fragments

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-49
Author(s):  
Olga V. Dubkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Chinese Word ◽  
Chinese Speakers ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
Practical Research ◽  
Mental Connections ◽  
The Russian Language

At present, fragments of the Chinese worldview are studied on the basis of theoretical and practical research developed by the Moscow Psycholinguistic School. In Russian and Chinese psycholinguistics, sufficient material has been accumulated to determine the main advantages of the free associative experiment. The problems of identifying stimulus words and interpreting reactions reflecting the Chinese picture of the world are also obvious. The free associative experiment allows us to determine the deep mental connections of the phonetic and graphic appearance of the Chinese word, represented by graphemes different from those of the Russian language, the latter having their own lexical and additional “graphic” meaning. The difficulties in learning languages of different typological systems are associated with the problems of compiling a vocabulary of stimulus words and the possibility of a multivalued interpretation of Chinese recipients’ reactions, reflecting the images of the Chinese consciousness. For this reason, it is unacceptable to transfer the “reification” of fragments of the Russian worldview to the fragments of the Chinese worldview. When compiling a vocabulary of stimulus words, one should take into account the structural and grammatical features of the Chinese word, the structure of Chinese characters and their origin, the frequency in the speech of native speakers, etc. To interpret the reactions of a free associative experiment, in addition to bilingual dictionaries, it is advisable to use various dictionaries of the Chinese language, including etymological ones. Based on the established tradition of analyzing the results of associative experiments, the author typologizes the reactions of Chinese speakers, which allows to establish the dynamics of the Chinese worldview.

scholarly journals Concept and Essence of the Forensic Study of Personality

2018 ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
D. V. Isyutin-Fedotkov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Process Theory ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Approaches To Studying ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Russian Language

The article considers and analyzes various opinions on the category "forensic study of personality". From the point of view of the Russian language, the various meanings of the term "study" fully and in a multifaceted way reflect the activities of the investigator in the study of the person in the course of sufficient disclosure and investigation of crimes. It is concluded that forensic study of personality can be considered as a process, theory (doctrine) and part of criminalistics (educational discipline, special course). In this connection, the definition of the term "forensic study of personality" depends on understanding of its essence. Forensic study of personality as a process for the study of personality is associated with activity. Forensic study of the personality as a theory (doctrine) is associated with the objective laws that constitute the subject of criminalistics. Forensic study of the personality as a section of criminalistics (academic discipline, special course) is based on a theoretical basis, on the basis of which methods, approaches to studying personality are considered. The ultimate goal of forensic study of personality is solving the problems of disclosure and investigation of crimes. Author's definitions of the term "forensic study of personality" are proposed.

scholarly journals Concept «soul» in the language picture of the pupils' world

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
M.P. Mulina
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Systemic Thinking ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
The Russian Language

The article deals with the concept of «soul» from the methodological point of view: the effectiveness of its analysis at the Russian language lessons for the formation of linguistic, communicative and cultural competences in fifth class while studying the topic «Phraseologisms». The author shows that the complex analysis of the concept «soul» forms systemic thinking among pupils effectively and also teaches them to use the communicative and aesthetic means of the Russian language. The author emphasized that attention to the fact that it is important to explain to pupils the «mysterious Russian soul» in the perception of foreigners, because in their languages there's not so much meanings of the word «soul»

scholarly journals Organization of Oral Dialogical Discourse: Feedback and Ways of Its Explication

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-47
Author(s):  
O. L. Mikhaleva ◽  
U. E. Chekmez
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Oral Discourse ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
The Russian Language

The results of the study of feedback in the Russian oral dialogical discourse are presented in the article. The relevance of this study is due to several factors. First, the debatable issue is related to the qualification of fragments of oral discourse from the point of view of their relevance to the genre of monologue, dialogue, polylogue. Secondly, there is a number of theoretical problems arising from such qualifications, in particular, in the scientific description of feedback markers (based on the material of the Russian language), a rather large number of gaps are found. The definitions of the terms feedback and feedback markers are provided in the article. The authors note that it seems advisable to consider feedback markers in a somewhat expanded way, including in this group not only units used to express positive attention, but also units that can signal difficulties in perceiving the interlocutor’s utterance, as well as illocutionary forced units that are a reaction to the initial a replica of the interlocutor. Criteria for the inclusion of units functioning within the vocal modality in the group of feedback markers are proposed. A classification of feedback markers based on the ability of units to collapse the proposition contained in the statement of the interlocutor is proposed. The quantitative characteristics of the described subgroups are presented.

RUSSISMS IN THE MODERN SERBIAN LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (103) ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
JELENA LEPOJEVIC
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
The Russian Language

This paper considers, from the point of view of modern theory of language in contact, words loaned from the Russian language or through the Russian language that are still in active use in the modern Serbian language. The aim of this paper is to determine the corpus of these elements in the dictionaries of the modern Serbian literary language, as well as to conduct a morphological and lexical-semantic analysis of the collected material. Many of these words are not perceived as borrowings by speakers of the Serbian language, but it is a fact that these elements came to the Serbian language from Russian. The author studies the words with the label rus. , identified by the analysis of Serbian language dictionaries. Words of Russian origin that are on the periphery of the lexical fund of the Serbian language, such as archaisms and historicisms, have not been taken into consideration.

scholarly journals Morphological Peculiarities of Lexical Units of English Origin in Contemporary Russian Slang: Dictionary and Corpus Analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 632-651
Author(s):  
Marta Lacková
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Individual Word ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Search Tool ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
The Russian Language

The paper deals with lexical units of English origin that have penetrated into contemporary Russian slang with the emphasis on their morphological features. The spread of these words in the Russian language provides a scientist with a linguistically challenging material since the English and Russian languages represent typologically diverse language systems. To begin with, the research focuses on the ratio of individual word classes within the studied material together with the representation of individual grammatical genders throughout. As nouns represent the most numerous group of the adapted lexemes, the main emphasis is put on their morphological adaptation into the Russian language, and at the same time, their most common morphological features are listed. The following traits belong to the marginal ones from the point of view of word classes: an Anglicism may be a component of several word classes and the here-studied Anglicisms only exceptionally do not keep their original categorial meanings. Additionally, they display differences in onomasiological categories across the studied field. Morphological features of Anglicisms in Russian slang are the combination of Russian and English morphological aspects of individual word classes. Furthermore, words borrowed from English acquire grammatical categories typical of their corresponding counterparts in the Russian language. As a final point, most Anglicisms in the Russian slang undergo conjugation and declination processes (98,5% of instances). The possible utilization of the research is noticeable in the areas of comparative and corpus linguistics and translatology when searching for equivalents of words in typologically different languages. What is more, its results are applicable in the methodology of teaching foreign languages. The whole linguistic material is investigated in the framework of the online dictionary of slang and the text corpus Russian Web 2011 (ruTenTen11) with the help of the search tool Sketch Engine. To reveal the complex sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic functioning of the Anglicisms in contemporary Russian slang, further research needs to be conducted.

scholarly journals Basic Paradigmatic Correlations in the Semantic Field of the Concept Summer

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-522
Author(s):  
E. Grudeva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Species Relationships ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Illustrative Material ◽  
National Corpus ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Article is based on the materials of a comprehensive study of the concepts summer and autumn from the point of view of their perception by representatives of Russian and English linguistic cultures. This paper shows the features of the paradigmatic relations of Russian and English concept summer. The study was built on the identification of synonymous (quasi-synonymous), antonymic, (hypo) hyperonymic, or genus-species relationships, as well as the incompatibility relations of this concept. Study is based on the materials of the explanatory dictionaries and dictionaries of synonyms and antonyms of the Russian and English languages; illustrative material was taken from the National corpus of the Russian language and the British National Corpus. The analysis made it possible to conclude that the paradigmatic explication of the content of the concept summer most clearly actualizes only one of the four previously identified cognitive features of the concept, namely the sign ‘time of year, season’.

scholarly journals Trostentsova’s Lessons

2020 ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
A.D. Deykina ◽  
V.D. Yanchenko ◽  
S.S. Pavlyuchenko
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Russian Scientist ◽  
Language Teacher ◽  
The Russian Language

The article is devoted to the scientific activity of an outstanding Russian scientist in the field of teaching the Russian language, teacher L.A. Trostentsova (1929–2016). From the modern point of view, her most significant works on the methodology of teaching the Russian language at school and university are considered.

scholarly journals A CASE STUDY OF DEFINITENESS AND INDEFINITENESS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
Marharyta Alsultan
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Different Levels

The definiteness and indefiniteness is an important communicative category. This category is universal and is expressed in different languages by various means. There are no special indicators of definiteness / indefiniteness such as articles in the Russian language. However, these values are expressed by various means related to different levels of the language. Due to this fact, word order is an important and an interesting subject for a linguistic research. As a grammatical means, word order can convey not only information, but also the attitude to this information or communicative situation of the speaker, and also to concretize the content of the spoken message from the point of view of definiteness / indefiniteness. This study focuses on describing the means of expressing the category of definiteness and indefiniteness in Russian and the ways of conveying its semantic shades.

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