scholarly journals SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSIT FIBER SABUT KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN RESIN EPOKSI

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Adhi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Polymer ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Properties Of Composites

The use of natural fiber as reinforcement for epoxy polymer composites is currently a concern for researchers because it is environmentally friendly so it can replace glass fiber or carbon in engineering applications. Palm fiber is a type of natural fiber that is produced by the cooking oil industry as a component of waste. The surface modification of fiber with NaOH solution is one of the factors that determines level of adhesion to the epoxy polymer matrix. This study to analyze the effect of alkali treatment on the morphology and characteristics of fiber. In addition, the effect of palm fiber composition on the mechanical properties of composites were studied. Alkali treatment on fiber was carried out using 10% wt sodium hidroxide solution. The morphology and characteristics palm fiber before and after alkali treatment were analyzed using SEM-EDX, XRD, and FTIR. Tensile tests were carried out on composites with treated fibers and without treatment with sodium hidroxide solution. The results showed that alkali treatment caused the surface morphology of the fiber to be finer due to the loss of lignin and hemicellulose components. Alkali treatment fiber can increase the tensile strenght. Composites with fiber and resin composition of 4%: 96% wt that have undergone alkali treatment have a maximum tensile strength of 21.60 MPa.

Characterization and Properties of Alkali Treated Flax

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 1128-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hu ◽  
Minh Tan Ton-That
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Fiber Structure ◽  
Promising Application ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Proper Condition ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Flax, a kind of natural fiber, has been widely applied as reinforcing materials for polymer composites because of its superior tensile properties. It normally contains noncellulose portions and other impurities, which could act as stress concentration regions to affect negatively the mechanical properties of composites. In this work, canadian linseed flax (F1) was treated by alkali to remove the noncellulose portions and impurities. The treated F1 was characterized in detail applying SEM, FTIR, TGA and single fiber tensile test for its promising application in composites as natural material. The proper condition of alkali treatment was explored and determined to be 2% of NaOH for 1h at 80°C. Under this condition, the mechanical property of the fiber was 10% better than that of untreated F1, and the non-cellulose portion removing ratio was more than 25% without hurting fiber structure.

Effect of alkali treatment on physical and mechanical properties of bamboo short fibers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-543
Author(s):  
Suhas Yeshwant Nayak ◽  
K. Rajath Shenoy ◽  
Rashmi Samant ◽  
Praneeth P. Sarvade ◽  
Satish Shenoy B ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Short Fibers ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Surface Irregularities ◽  
Naoh Solution

Bamboo (Arundinaria clarkei) short fibers were treated with 6% conc. NaoH solution for five different durations viz. 3 h, 6 h, 9 h, 12 h and 24 h. Effect on physical properties like diameter and density were studied. Fibers were examined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to study the effect of alkali treatment on its surface characteristics. Single fiber tensile tests were conducted to assess the tensile strength of the fibers. Comparative study of the SEM micrographs indicated removal of outer layer with the surface irregularities becoming more prominent with increasing duration. The fiber surface was scanned using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) to quantify the increase in surface roughness with alkali treatment. Tests results showed positive effect on the strength till 6 h beyond which the tensile strength was observed to reduce. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results indicated reduction in content of holocellulose along with hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose which explains the variation in tensile strength with increasing duration of treatment.

Influence of Alkali Concentration on Morphology and Tensile Properties of Abaca Fibers

2015 ◽  
Vol 1110 ◽  
pp. 302-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Cai ◽  
Hitoshi Takagi ◽  
Antonio Norio Nakagaito ◽  
Kazuya Kusaka ◽  
Masahiro Katoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Commercial Crop

Abaca, also known as Manila hemp, is native to the Philippines, where it is grown as a commercial crop. It belongs to the Musasea family and is cultivated for ropes and fibers. The abaca fiber is a natural fiber with highest cellulose content. In this study, the effects of alkali treatments on mechanical properties and microstructure of abaca fibers are discussed. Abaca fibers were soaked in the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide at the concentration from 3 to 15wt% for 5 minutes, and subsequently subjected to tensile tests and observations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess morphological changes caused by the alkali treatment. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that the treatment led to the gradual removal of lignin and hemicelluloses from the abaca fibers. The cellulose crystallinity of abaca fibers was analyzed by an X-ray diffraction method. SEM images revealed that the lumen size decreased and shrunk with increasing alkali concentration. The tensile strength of the alkali-treated abaca fibers was higher than that of the untreated ones. The Young’s modulus increased with increasing alkali concentration up to 7wt% and then decreased. However, the strain at break decreased below 7wt% and then increased. The lumen size started to decrease from 7wt% alkali concentration.

scholarly journals Kajian Sifat Tarik Serat Pelepah Lontar dengan Singular Fiber Tensile Testing Methode

Jurnal METTEK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Melsiani R F Saduk ◽  
Fransisko Piri Niron
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
The Body ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Good Prospect ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Singular Fiber ◽  
Tensile Strenght

Penggunaan serat alam sebagai filler pada komposit mulai banyak digunakan. Salah satu yang memiliki prospek cukup baik adalah serat pelepah pohon lontar (Borassus Flabellifer), yang penggunaannya masih terbatas pada bahan bakar atau komponen tertentu dalam pembangunan rumah. Serat pelepah lontar yang dikombinasikan dengan polyester sebagai matriks dapat bermanfaat untuk alternatif pembuatan body kapal ikan.  Akan tetapi data dan informasi ilmiah tentang sifat mekanis kekuatan tarik serat tunggal pelepah pohon lontar ini masih belum tersedia sehingga pemanfaatan serat pelepah lontar ini masih sangat terbatas khususnya dalam penggunaan sebagai penguat pada komposit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar nilai kekuatan tarik yang dihasilkan serat pelepah lontar tanpa perlakuan alkali maupun melalui perlakuan alkali dengan menggunakan singular fiber tensile testing methode. Nilai kekuatan tarik  yang dihasilkan serat lontar tanpa perlakuan alkali adalah 364,32 MPa, dan kekuatan tarik maksimal serat yang diberi perlakuan alkali adalah serat dengan waktu perlakuan 4 jam (240 menit) sebesar 496,75 MPa, The use of natural fiber as a filler of composite is commonly used. One of the natural fibers that has quite good prospect is the fiber from the midrib of palm tree (Borassus Flabellifer), which its usage is limited on fuel or certain components in constructing houses. Fiber from midrib of palm tree that combined with polyester as matrix can be beneficial to be an alternative in constructing the body of boat for fishing. However, data and scientific information about the mechanic system of the tensile strenght of the singular fiber of palm tree is very limited in particular in the utilization as strengthener on composite. This research is to find out how strong the tensile strenght created by palm fiber without treatment either with alkali or alkali with singular fiber tensile testing method. The value of tensile strenght generated by palm fiber without alkali treatment is 364.32 Mpa, and the maximum tensile strenght of the fiber with alkali treatment is the fiber with 4 hours (240 minutes) treatment amounts 496.74 Mpa.

Effect of Alkali Treatment on Surface Morphology and Properties of Jute Yarns

2011 ◽  
Vol 264-265 ◽  
pp. 1922-1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Shaha ◽  
S. Dyuti ◽  
Qumrul Ahsan ◽  
Mahbub Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Ft Ir

Due to the environmental issue, natural fibers are day by day becoming attractive to researchers. Natural fiber contains cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin etc, which are hygroscopic in nature and biodegradable. The lack of surface feature diminishes its properties. So, the surface properties of the jute yarns need to be modified. In the present study, jute yarns were cleaned using 2% detergent and chemically modified by 5, 15 and 25% NaOH solution both at room temperature and 700C for 2 hours and dried in air. The structural and morphological studies of the treated and untreated yarns were carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal and mechanical behaviour of the yarns were analyzed using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Instron Universal testing machine. The results show the improvement in mechanical strength of the yarns due to the change in crystalinity after alkali treatment. Also, the thermal decomposition temperature of raw jute yarns decreased from 357.30C to 349.60 C after alkali treatment.

scholarly journals Adsorption Studies on Magnetic Nanoparticles Functionalized with Silver to Remove Nitrates from Waters

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1757
Author(s):  
Yesica Vicente-Martínez ◽  
Manuel Caravaca ◽  
Antonio Soto-Meca ◽  
Miguel Ángel Martín-Pereira ◽  
María del Carmen García-Onsurbe
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Interference Studies

This paper presents a novel procedure for the treatment of contaminated water with high concentrations of nitrates, which are considered as one of the main causes of the eutrophication phenomena. For this purpose, magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with silver (Fe3O4@AgNPs) were synthesized and used as an adsorbent of nitrates. Experimental conditions, including the pH, adsorbent and adsorbate dose, temperature and contact time, were analyzed to obtain the highest adsorption efficiency for different concentration of nitrates in water. A maximum removal efficiency of 100% was reached for 2, 5, 10 and 50 mg/L of nitrate at pH = 5, room temperature, and 50, 100, 250 and 500 µL of Fe3O4@AgNPs, respectively. The characterization of the adsorbent, before and after adsorption, was performed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Nitrates can be desorbed, and the adsorbent can be reused using 500 µL of NaOH solution 0.01 M, remaining unchanged for the first three cycles, and exhibiting 90% adsorption efficiency after three regenerations. A deep study on equilibrium isotherms reveals a pH-dependent behavior, characterized by Langmuir and Freundlich models at pH = 5 and pH = 1, respectively. Thermodynamic studies were consistent with physicochemical adsorption for all experiments but showed a change from endothermic to exothermic behavior as the temperature increases. Interference studies of other ions commonly present in water were carried out, enabling this procedure as very selective for nitrate ions. In addition, the method was applied to real samples of seawater, showing its ability to eliminate the total nitrate content in eutrophized waters.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Acoustic Properties of Natural-Fiber-Based Materials and Composites: A Review

Textiles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-85
Author(s):  
Tufail Hassan ◽  
Hafsa Jamshaid ◽  
Rajesh Mishra ◽  
Muhammad Qamar Khan ◽  
Michal Petru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wide Range

Recently, very rapid growth has been observed in the innovations and use of natural-fiber-based materials and composites for acoustic applications due to their environmentally friendly nature, low cost, and good acoustic absorption capability. However, there are still challenges for researchers to improve the mechanical and acoustic properties of natural fiber composites. In contrast, synthetic fiber-based composites have good mechanical properties and can be used in a wide range of structural and automotive applications. This review aims to provide a short overview of the different factors that affect the acoustic properties of natural-fiber-based materials and composites. The various factors that influence acoustic performance are fiber type, fineness, length, orientation, density, volume fraction in the composite, thickness, level of compression, and design. The details of various factors affecting the acoustic behavior of the fiber-based composites are described. Natural-fiber-based composites exhibit relatively good sound absorption capability due to their porous structure. Surface modification by alkali treatment can enhance the sound absorption performance. These materials can be used in buildings and interiors for efficient sound insulation.

scholarly journals Study of the Ultraviolet Effect and Thermal Analysis on Polypropylene Nonwoven Geotextile

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1080
Author(s):  
Clever Aparecido Valentin ◽  
Marcelo Kobelnik ◽  
Yara Barbosa Franco ◽  
Fernando Luiz Lavoie ◽  
Jefferson Lins da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Thermomechanical Analysis ◽  
Material Stiffness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
Nonwoven Geotextile

The use of polymeric materials such as geosynthetics in infrastructure works has been increasing over the last decades, as they bring down costs and provide long-term benefits. However, the aging of polymers raises the question of its long-term durability and for this reason researchers have been studying a sort of techniques to search for the required renewal time. This paper examined a commercial polypropylene (PP) nonwoven geotextile before and after 500 h and 1000 h exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light by performing laboratory accelerated ultraviolet-aging tests. The state of the polymeric material after UV exposure was studied through a wide set of tests, including mechanical and physical tests and thermoanalytical tests and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The calorimetric evaluations (DSC) showed distinct behaviors in sample melting points, attributed to the UV radiation effect on the aged samples. Furthermore, after exposure, the samples presented low thermal stability in the thermomechanical analysis (TMA), with a continuing decrease in their thicknesses. The tensile tests showed an increase in material stiffness after exposition. This study demonstrates that UV aging has effects on the properties of the polypropylene polymer.

scholarly journals Mechanical, Thermal and Rheological Properties of Polyethylene-Based Composites Filled with Micrometric Aluminum Powder

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Olga Mysiukiewicz ◽  
Paulina Kosmela ◽  
Mateusz Barczewski ◽  
Aleksander Hejna
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Metal Composites ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Investigations related to polymer/metal composites are often limited to the analysis of the electrical and thermal conductivity of the materials. The presented study aims to analyze the impact of aluminum (Al) filler content (from 1 to 20 wt%) on the rarely investigated properties of composites based on the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix. The crystalline structure, rheological (melt flow index and oscillatory rheometry), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry), as well as static (tensile tests, hardness, rebound resilience) and dynamic (dynamical mechanical analysis) mechanical properties of composites were investigated. The incorporation of 1 and 2 wt% of aluminum filler resulted in small enhancements of mechanical properties, while loadings of 5 and 10 wt% provided materials with a similar performance to neat HDPE. Such results were supported by the lack of disturbances in the rheological behavior of composites. The presented results indicate that a significant content of aluminum filler may be introduced into the HDPE matrix without additional pre-treatment and does not cause the deterioration of composites’ performance, which should be considered beneficial when engineering PE/metal composites.

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