Analysis of Number of Layers and Volume Fraction of Fiber Against Shock Load and Composite Compressive Strength Wind Turbine Propeller

The manufacture of wind turbine blades has a very high risk of failure, especially in the manufacturing section or in this case the material structure. If the structure of the propeller material is not able to withstand the very high pressure and air flow, it will result in the failure of the material structure when it is in use. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to determine the composition of composite materials that have high strength and toughness properties and are suitable for wind turbine propellers. The method used in this research is experimental. The independent variables include the number of layers and the volume fraction of straw fiber. The dependent variables are shock load and compressive strength. Each compression test specimen is made with a gauge length of 100mm, a width of 25mm, and a thickness of 2.5mm. While the impact test specimens are made equal to l25mm long, l2mm wide, l2mm high, and 2mm notch. The results showed that the bending strength of the straw fiber composite with 6 layers had an increasing trend as the number of layers increased. The highest bending strength with the number of piles of 6 layers and the lowest strength with the number of piles of 2 layers. In addition, the volume fraction is very influential on the bending stress of the straw composite matrix. It can be seen that the matrix with a volume fraction of 50% has the greatest bending stress in each number of layers, both 2, 4 and 6. For the impact test, it is found that the optimal number of layers occurs in the number of 2 layers with a volume fraction of 33%. The shock load tends to decrease. Meanwhile, based on the volume fraction, the larger the volume fraction, the smaller the shock load that can be received by the straw fiber composite material.

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Effect of Submicron Glass Fiber Modification on Mechanical Properties of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite with Different Fiber Length

Journal of Composites Science ◽

10.3390/jcs4010005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Nhan Thi Thanh Nguyen ◽

Obunai Kiyotaka ◽

Okubo Kazuya ◽

Fujii Toru ◽

Shibata Ou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Carbon Fiber ◽

Glass Fiber ◽

Fiber Length ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Fiber Concentration ◽

Static Tests ◽

The Impact

In this research, three kinds of carbon fiber (CF) with lengths of 1, 3, and 25 mm were prepared for processing composite. The effect of submicron glass fiber addition (sGF) on mechanical properties of composites with different CF lengths was investigated and compared throughout static tests (i.e., bending, tensile, and impact), as well as the tension-tension fatigue test. The strengths of composites increased with the increase of CF length. However, there was a significant improvement when the fiber length changed from 1 to 3 mm. The mechanical performance of 3 and 25 mm was almost the same when having an equal volume fraction, except for the impact resistance. Comparing the static strengths when varying the sGF content, an improvement of bending strength was confirmed when sGF was added into 1 mm composite due to toughened matrix. However, when longer fiber was used and fiber concentration was high, mechanical properties of composite were almost dependent on the CF. Therefore, the modification effect of matrix due to sGF addition disappeared. In contrast to the static strengths, the fatigue durability of composites increased proportionally to the content of glass fiber in the matrix, regardless to CF length.

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Bend-Twist Coupling Design and Evaluation of Spar Cap of Wind Turbine Compliance Blade

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1400 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 139-141 ◽

pp. 1400-1405

Author(s):

Wang Yu Liu ◽

Yong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Wind Turbine ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Coupling Effect ◽

Coupling Parameter ◽

Dynamic Performance ◽

Von Mises Stress ◽

Hybrid Fibers ◽

Fiber Volume ◽

Plane Shear ◽

The Impact

The bend-twist coupling design method of spar cap of 1.5MW wind turbine blade made by biased hybrid fibers is discussed, and the coupling parameter is established. It is found that flap-twist coupling effect is only related to the laminated materials, not sensitive to the geometry shape. When varying the angle of off-axis carbon fibers from 7.5° to 30° and the volume fraction from 10% to 90%, different bend-twist coupling effect can be obtained. The results show that the optimal angle of spar cap is closer to 18°, and of skins are about 13°. When constraints, such as fibers strain, the in-plane shear stress and Von Mises stress of static index, are added on the blade, the spar cap is optimized with about 45% carbon fiber volume fraction and 18° off-axis angle. Finally, the impact of natural frequencies of dynamic performance on the blade design is proved to be inessential.

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Charpy Impact Test of Epoxy Matrix Composites Reinforced with Buriti Fibers

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.775-776.296 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 775-776 ◽

pp. 296-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anderson de Paula Barbosa ◽

Michel Picanço Oliveira ◽

Giulio Rodrigues Altoé ◽

Frederico Muylaert Margem ◽

Sergio Neves Monteiro

Keyword(s):

Impact Test ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Impact Resistance ◽

Charpy Impact ◽

Charpy Impact Test ◽

Epoxy Composites ◽

Natural Material ◽

Matrix Composites ◽

Lignocellulosic Fibers ◽

The Impact

The buriti (Muritia flexuosa) fiber are among the lignocellulosic fibers with apotential to be used as reinforcement of polymer composites. In recent years, the buriti fiber has been characterized for its properties as an engineering natural material. The toughness of buriti composites remains to be a evaluated. Therefore, the present work evaluated the toughness of epoxy composites reinforced with different amounts of buriti fibers by means of Charpy impact tests. It was found a significant increase in the impact resistance with the volume fraction of buriti fibers. Fracture observations by scanning electron microscopy revealed the mechanism responsible for this toughness behavior.

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Curing Kinetics, Mechanical Properties and Thermomechanical Analysis of Carbon Fiber/epoxy Resin Laminates with Different Ply Orientations

10.21203/rs.3.rs-258456/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chenglin Zhang ◽

Guohua Gu ◽

Shuhua Dong ◽

Zhitao Lin ◽

Chuncheng Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Fiber ◽

Impact Strength ◽

Epoxy Resin ◽

Composite Laminates ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Fiber Composite ◽

Curing Process ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

The Impact ◽

Carbon Fiber Epoxy

Abstract In this study, the nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was carried out to evaluate the curing reaction of fiber/epoxy laminates. The optimal curing process of the prepreg was obtained by T-β extrapolation method and nth-order reaction curing kinetic equation. The bending strength, impact strength and thermodynamic properties of the composite laminates with different ply orientations were investigated, respectively. The results show that the apparent activation energy and the reaction order of the prepregs are 82.89 kJ/mol and 0.92, respectively. The curing process of carbon fiber/epoxy resin prepreg is 130 ℃ /60min + 160 ℃/30 min. The bending strength of [0]10 laminate is 1948.3 MPa, which is 11.8 times higher than that of [+ 45/-45]5s laminate, and 96.4% higher than that of [0/90]5s laminate. The impact strength of [0]10 laminate is higher than that of [+ 45/-45]5s and [0/90]5s laminates. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the laminates is 142 ~ 146 ℃, and the loss factor of [0]10 laminate is significantly higher than that of [+ 45/-45]5s and [0/90]5s laminates. This research provides a theoretical basis for the further application of prepregs to fiber composite materials.

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Peningkatan Sifat Mekanik Komposit Serat Alam Limbah Sabut Kelapa (Cocofiber) yang Biodegradable

Reka Buana Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia ◽

10.33366/rekabuana.v6i1.2257 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 30-37

Author(s):

Sri Hastuti ◽

Herru Santosa Budiono ◽

Diki Ilham Ivadiyanto ◽

Muhammad Nurdin Nahar

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Fiber Volume Fraction ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Fiber Composites ◽

Coconut Fiber ◽

Fiber Volume ◽

Coconut Coir ◽

The Impact

Inovasi baru serat dari sabut kelapa dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomis dari serat sabut kelapa, oleh karena itu dirancanglah pendayagunaan serat dari sabut kelapa untuk penguat komposit dengan material serat alam yang biodegradable. Hal ini untuk mendukung penggunaan komposit yang ramah terhadap lingkungan dan mengurangi penggunaan material komposit serat sintetis yang polutan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis sifat mekanik pada komposit serat alam bermaterial serat dari sabut kelapa yang ramah lingkungan. Metode penelitian pembuatan komposit berpenguat serat dari sabut kelapa dilakukan treatment NaOH 15% selama 5 jam dan fraksi volume serat 10 %, 15 %, dan 20 %. Komposit serat dari sabut kelapa dengan matriks UPRs 157 BQTN dengan hardener MEXPO. Pengujian mekanik dilakukan uji bending menggunakan standar ASTM D790 dan uji impak menggunakan standar ASTM D5941. Pengujian impak komposit serat alam menunjukkan ketangguhan impak komposit pada fraksi volume serat 20% dengan nilai 0.017588J/mm2. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan peningkatan fraksi volume serta berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kekuatan bending komposit serat dari sabut kelapa dengan kekuatan optimum bending pada fraksi volume serat 10% dengan nilai 44,33N/mm2. Hal ini menunjukkan peningkatan fraksi volume serat dengan perendaman NaOH 15% akan meningkatkan sifat mekanik bending dan impak komposit. Perendaman NaOH memberikan pengaruh daya serap sabut kelapa terhadap matrik Unsaturated Polyester yang dapat meningkatkan daya rekat antara penguat serat dengan matrik sehingga meningkatkan sifat mekanik bending dan impak komposit. ABSTRACT The innovation of coco fiber is used to increase the economic value of coconut coir, therefore the utilization of coconut fiber for reinforcing composites with biodegradable natural fiber material is designed. This is to support the use of composites that are friendly to the environment and reduce the use of pollutant synthetic fiber composite materials. The research objective was to analyze the mechanical properties of natural fiber composites with environmentally friendly coconut fiber as material. The research method of making fiber-reinforced composites from coconut coir was carried out by 15% NaOH treatment for 5 hours and a fiber volume fraction of 10%, 15%, and 20%. Composite fiber from coconut coir with UPRs 157 BQTN matrix with MEXPO hardener. Mechanical testing is carried out using the ASTM D790 standard and the impact test using the ASTM D5941 standard. The impact test of natural fiber composites showed the impact toughness of the composite at a fiber volume fraction of 20% with a value of 0.017588 J/ mm2. The test results showed an increase in volume fraction and an effect on the increase in the bending strength of coconut fiber composites with the optimum bending strength at a fiber volume fraction of 10% with a value of 44.33N /mm2. This shows that the increase in fiber volume fraction by immersion in 15% NaOH will increase the bending mechanical properties and the impact of the composite. Soaking NaOH has an effect on the absorption power of coconut coir on the Unsaturated Polyester matrix which can increase the adhesion between the fiber reinforcement and the matrix thereby increasing the bending mechanical properties and impact of the composite.

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ANALISIS SIFAT MEKANIS KOMPOSIT POLYESTER YANG DIPERKUAT SERAT KULIT DURIAN (DURIO ZIBETHINUS MURR) AKIBAT VARIASI FRAKSI VOLUME

ALE Proceeding ◽

10.30598/ale.4.2021.146-150 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 146-150

Author(s):

Arthur Y. Leiwakabessy ◽

Benjamin G. Tentua ◽

Fany Laamena

Keyword(s):

Impact Strength ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Fiber Composite ◽

Unsaturated Polyester ◽

Low Cost ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Cellulose Fiber ◽

Durio Zibethinus ◽

The Impact ◽

Durian Rind

Durian rind fiber composite as a reinforcement is one of the interesting research areas. Some of the advantages associated with using natural fibers due to reinforcement in polymers are their non-abrasive properties and low-cost consumption. Durian rind when processed further can be made into cellulose fiber which can be used as a natural filler in unsaturated polyester composites. Among various types of natural fibers, durian skin fiber is an alternative polymer composite filler. Durian skin can be obtained easily because it is a family waste that has not been used. To get a new composite material made from durian skin waste, and to help the community and government in handling durian skin waste. The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum value of the variation of the volume fraction of durian skin fiber on the impact strength and hardness strength according to the desired application. This study uses the Hand Lay Up method, in the manufacture of single fiber composites with variations in volume fraction of durian skin fiber: polyester matrix, namely, 10%: 90%, 20%: 80%, 30%: 70%, 40%: 60% and 50 %:50%. The results showed that there was an increase in the impact strength and hardness strength with the addition of the volume fraction, where the highest impact energy for the volume fraction of durian skin fiber was 50%: 50%, 0.7738 J, and the highest impact value was 0.0096725 J/mm² and energy the lowest impact is 10%: 90%, 0.461 J. and the lowest impact price is 0.0057685 J/mm². So it can be concluded that the impact strength and hardness of the durian skin fiber composite increased with the increase in the volume fraction of the fiber.

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Impact Behaviors of Flax/Polypropylene Weft Knitted Composites

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.400 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 146-147 ◽

pp. 400-407 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hong Xia Li ◽

Li Liu ◽

Jian Ming Zhang ◽

Ya Nan Liu ◽

Gu Huang

Keyword(s):

Impact Test ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Textile Composites ◽

Flax Fiber ◽

The Impact

For developing the environmentally protective civil textile composites with better impact behaviors, the impact test was made with flax/polypropylene weft knitting composites samples. The mechanisms of fiber reinforcing and fracture were discussed through examining the fracture photographs. This research shows that the samples have better impact behaviors when the volume fraction of flax fiber is about 50%，the amount of layers is 8, and the sinker depth of the flax/pp knitted perform is 9.

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Study impact toughness on polyester matrix composite fiberglass reinforced Musa acuminata stem fibers as raw material of rear bumper vehicle

Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances ◽

10.30574/gjeta.2020.5.3.0112 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 094-098

Author(s):

Sujita Darmo Darmo ◽

Rudy Sutanto Sutanto

Keyword(s):

Impact Toughness ◽

Matrix Composite ◽

Impact Energy ◽

Impact Test ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Musa Acuminata ◽

Raw Material ◽

Polyester Matrix ◽

The Impact

The use of natural fibers as composite reinforcement has various advantages, including as substitute for artificial fiber, low price, able to reduce sound, environmentally friendly, has low density, good fit and ability to absorb impact energy, making it possible to use it as a vehicle accessory such as a rear bumper vehicle. This study aims to investigate the impact toughness performance of the fiberglass matrix composite polyester (FMCP) reinforced fiber Musa acuminata stem fiber (MASF), with a volume fraction of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Polyester matrix type 157 is used BQTN and G3253T, MEKPO catalyst. The impact toughness test was carried out by using the charpy method impact test instrument, observing the microstructure of the occurrence of fracture by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The composite impact test specimen was 12.7 thick mm refers to the ASTM D 256 standard, produced by the hand layup method. The most optimal volume fraction impact test at a volume fraction of 20% MASF: 80% Matrix, with an impact energy of 14.47 J, impact toughness 0.094 J/mm2. The results showed that the addition of MASF increased the impact toughness of the composite by 14.69% compared to composites 0.0122 J/mm2. Based on SEM observations, it can be seen that the 20% MASF volume fraction of the bonds between the matrix and the fibers are perfectly integrated. The results showed that the addition of MASF increased the impact toughness of the composite by 14.69% compared to composites 0.0122 J/mm2. However, if a volume fraction ratio above 20% MASF is used, the impact toughness is decreased.

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ANALISA KEKUATAN BENDING KOMPOSIT EPOXY DENGAN PENGUATAN SERAT NILON

Dinamika Teknik Mesin ◽

10.29303/d.v1i1.130 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nasmi Herlina Sari ◽

S. Sinarep

Keyword(s):

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Fiber Composite ◽

Standard Test ◽

Bending Test ◽

Test Machine ◽

Test Results ◽

Fiber Volume ◽

Nylon Fiber

The development of composite materials in the field of engineering is increasingly being used. This is because of its properties are superior compared to conventional materials, as the ratio between strength and density are quite high, stiff, the manufacturing process is very simple and resistant to corrosion and fatigue loads. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect the addition of nylon fibers with Epoxy Matrix on the increase in bending strength of epoxy composites. The objected of this study was the composite of nylon fiber, which is cut 12 mm nylon fiber with epoxy resin as a fastening material. Before performing an experiment testing the tensile fibers has done and known to the stress of 461.22 MPa. There are 3 variations of volume fraction In this experiment, those are volume fraction of 40%, 50% and 60%, with 3 variation each. Method in the manufacture of specimens with the way the mould press. Tools to test the specimen is bending test machine (servopulser). Specimens using a standard test of ASTM C 393-94. Bending test results showed that the nylon fiber composite with fiber volume fraction 40% stress of 787.16 MPa, modulus of elasticity of 1.06 GPa, volume fraction of 50% the stress of 902.01 MPa, modulus of elasticity of 1.08 GPa, and for 60% volume fraction of the stress of 950.02 MPa, modulus of elasticity of 0.99 GPa.

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Impact Failure Analysis of Glass/Epoxy Textile Composites

10.1115/imece2000-1963 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Sabit Adanur ◽

Levent Onal

Keyword(s):

Failure Analysis ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Textile Composites ◽

Molding Pressure ◽

Curing Agent ◽

Mixing Ratio ◽

Production Parameters ◽

Number Of Layers ◽

The Impact ◽

Composite Properties

Abstract The production parameters of composites are effective on the impact properties of the material. The effects of the number of layers, thickness, manufacturing characteristics such as molding time, molding temperature, molding pressure and the mixing ratio of epoxy resin and curing agent were examined at the same volume fraction ratio. There is an optimum point for most of the variables. Parameters below and above of this point lead an increase in deflection level. Impact velocity is effective on the composite properties as well.

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