Uji Aktivitas Sitotoksik dan Analisis Fitokimia Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sampare (Glochidion sp.)

Sampare (Glochidion sp., Family: Phyllantaceae) is a plant which grows dominant in Biak, Papua. Based on the local wisdom of the community, by hereditary, it can be used as an herbal medicine to treat the malaria disease. This study aims to determine the toxicity of LC50 and to know the phytochemical compounds of extracted leaf of Glochidion sp using ethanol. The Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) and phytochemical screening using reagent chemical substance methods were used in this research. The results of this study can be concluded that the toxicity of extracted leaf of Glochidion sp. using ethanol was low, with LC50 = 758.58 ppm and the results of phytochemical analysis showed the existence of the content of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and quinones. But, the steroids and triterpenoids could not be found in the extracted leaf of Glochidion sp using ethanol. Therefore, for further research is needed to isolate the bioactive compounds and in vivo test on the plasmodium, which cause the malaria disease. Key words: Glochidion sp., malaria desease, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), LC50, phytochemical analysis

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Phytochemical analysis and cytotoxicity evaluation of flowering buds of Bauhinia variegata L.

Herba Polonica ◽

10.2478/hepo-2021-0013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 27-36

Author(s):

Anham Shahid Abbasi ◽

Qazi Najam-Us-Saqib ◽

Atta-Ur-Rehman ◽

Nisar-Ur-Rahman

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽

Bauhinia Variegata ◽

Cytotoxic Studies

Summary Introduction: Bauhinia variegata is used in traditional medicine in Pakistan. Objective: The present study was designated to analyze phytochemical screening and cytotoxicity assay of crude aqueous and methanol extracts of flowering buds of Bauhinia variegata. Methods: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of both extracts were performed by using standard protocols while brine shrimp lethality assay was conducted for cytotoxicity analysis of both extracts. Results: The highest levels of phenolics, flavonoids and terpenoids were observed in methanol extract with respective standard drugs. The aminoacid content was highest followed by phenol and flavonoids in crude aqueous extract of the raw materials. In cytotoxic studies (brine shrimp lethality assay) the use of methanol extract was reported as potent with LD50 of 241.778 µg/ml as compared to aqueous extract with LD50 of 489.7061 µg/ml. Conclusion: This study reveals that the presence of bioactive compounds in both extracts are responsible for the treatment of various ailments and being utilized by the traditional folks as a food as well. And showed that methanol extract possess cytotoxic activity and thus needs further scientific intervention for its value addition.

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PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY BIOASSAY OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF ALYSICARPUS VAGINALIS VAR. NUMMULARIFOLIUS (DC.) MIQ. (FAMILY: FABACEAE)

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i1.15688 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Susan Kurian ◽

V. S. Josekumar

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Alysicarpus vaginalis var. nummularifolius (DC) along with phytochemical analysis.Methods: The crude extract of hexane (AVH), ethyl acetate (AVE) and methanol (AVM) of Alysicarpus vaginalis var. nummularifolius (DC) were prepared and analysed for phytochemical constituents using standard methods. The cytotoxicity activity of the plant extracts was predicted using brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA). The antimicrobial activity and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant extracts were examined against 5 bacterial and 2 fungal strains using agar well diffusion method, and two fold serial dilution method, respectively.Results: The phytochemical screening studies showed a higher concentration of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, quinones and terpenoids in AVM than the other two extracts. The LC50 value of AVH and AVE were found to be 900.05 µg/ml and 754.35 µg/ml respectively using BSLA while that of AVM was>1000 ug/ml. All the extracts of the plant showed antimicrobial activity against most of the test organisms. The MIC values of AVM were lower than AVE for all the microbial strains except for Pseudomonas aeroginosa where AVE (107.87µg/ml) exhibited higher value than AVM (51µg/ml).Conclusion: The present study concluded AVM with a high presence of phytochemicals. The AVE and AVM were found to possess promising antimicrobial activity when compared with the standards. The AVM exhibited lesser toxicity when compared with AVH and AVE.

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South Africa’s Best BARK Medicines Prescribed at the Johannesburg Muthi Markets for Skin, Gut, and Lung Infections: MIC’s and Brine Shrimp Lethality

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10060681 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 681

Author(s):

Gugulethu P. Khumalo ◽

Nicholas J. Sadgrove ◽

Sandy F. Van Vuuren ◽

Ben-Erik Van Wyk

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

Sclerocarya Birrea ◽

Lung Infections ◽

Tract Infections

Indigenous trade of medicinal plants in South Africa is a multi-million-rand industry and is still highly relevant in terms of primary health care. The purpose of this study was to identify today’s most traded medicinal barks, traditionally and contemporaneously used for dermatological, gastrointestinal, and respiratory tract infections; then, to investigate the antimicrobial activity and toxicity of the respective extracts and interpret outcomes in light of pharmacokinetics. Thirty-one popularly traded medicinal barks were purchased from the Faraday and Kwa Mai-Mai markets in Johannesburg, South Africa. Information on the medicinal uses of bark-based medicines in modern commerce was recorded from randomly selected traders. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method was used for antimicrobial screening, and brine shrimp lethality was used to determine toxicity. New medicinal uses were recorded for 14 bark species. Plants demonstrating some broad-spectrum activities against tested bacteria include Elaeodendron transvaalense, Erythrina lysistemon, Garcinia livingstonei, Pterocelastrus rostratus, Rapanea melanophloeos, Schotia brachypetala, Sclerocarya birrea, and Ziziphus mucronata. The lowest MIC value of 0.004 mg/mL was observed against Staphylococcus epidermidis for a dichloromethane bark extract of E. lysistemon. The tested medicinal barks were shown to be non-toxic against the Artemia nauplii (brine shrimp) bioassay, except for a methanol extract from Trichilia emetica (69.52% mortality). Bacterial inhibition of bark extracts with minimal associated toxicity is consistent with the safety and valuable use of medicinal barks for local muthi market customers. Antimicrobial outcomes against skin and gastrointestinal pathogens are feasible because mere contact-inhibition is required in vivo; however, MIC values against respiratory pathogens require further explaining from a pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics perspective, particularly for ingested rather than smoked therapies.

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Cytotoxic Activity of Two Limonoids Isolated From Swietenia mahagoni by Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay

Bangladesh Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjpp.v24i1.5729 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

AKM Shahidur Rahman ◽

AK Azad Chowdhury ◽

Hossain Reza ◽

Mohammad Shawkat Ali ◽

Manzurur Rahman Shah Choudhury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Key Words ◽

Column Chromatography ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Meoh Extract ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

Swietenia Mahagoni

Solvent partitioning followed by column chromatography of the MeOH extract of the seeds of Swietenia mahagoni afforded two limonoids, swietenolide (compound 1) and 2-hydroxy-3-O-tigloylswietenolide (compound 2), later one is new compound. The compounds were identified by spectroscopic means. The cytotoxic activity of these compounds was assessed by using the conventional brine shrimp lethality bioassay. While both compounds were found to have moderate cytotoxic activity, compound 2 displayed overall more potent activity than compound 1. Key words: Cytotoxic; Limonoid; Swietenia mahagoni; Brine shrimp lethality bioassay DOI: 10.3329/bjpp.v24i1.5729Bangladesh J Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 24(1&2) : 1-6

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KAJIAN TOKSISITAS DARI TUBUH BUAH Ganoderma lucidum DENGAN METODE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST (BST)

Scripta Biologica ◽

10.20884/1.sb.2014.1.1.22 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Ross Nurul Rohmah ◽

Nuniek Ina Ratnaningtyas ◽

Ari Asnani

Keyword(s):

Toxic Effect ◽

Fruiting Body ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Ganoderma Lucidum ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

One Stage ◽

Body Extract

Ganoderma lucidum is polyporus fungi from Basidiomycetes which can be used as traditional medicines. Toxicity test with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST) method using Artemia salina was conducted to find out toxic effect of G.lucidum. An extract would have toxic effect if the LC50 < 1000 µg/ml. The aims of this experiment were to know about the toxicity level from G.lucidum with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST) method and determined the concentration of fruiting body extract of G.lucidum which had the best toxicity effect in LC50. There were two extraction methods used in this experiment, first one stage extraction and then multilevel extraction with hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Each solvent was made in 1000 ppm, 500 ppm, 250 ppm, and 125 ppm. This process was repeated for three times. This experiment used G.lucidum extract which was tested to A.salina and secunder compound metabolit test from the most toxic G. lucidum was done with phytochemical analysis. The result indicated that fruiting body extract from G.lucidum could kill A.salina because all extract was positively contained alkaloid and terpenoid but negatively contained flavonoid. Fruiting body extract from G.lucidum which had lowest LC50 wass ethyl asetat extract with one stage extraction in concentration 53,70 ppm and highest LC50 was ethanol extract with multilevel extraction in concentration 501,18 ppm.

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Pengaruh Penggunaan Jenis Pelarut dalam Uji Sitotoksistas Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) pada Wound Dressing Kolagen-Kitosan

al-Kimiya ◽

10.15575/ak.v8i1.10277 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 15-20

Author(s):

Ary Andini ◽

Endah Prayekti ◽

Fadillah Triasmoro ◽

Indah Nur Kamaliyah

Keyword(s):

Brine Shrimp ◽

Wound Dressing ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Lethal Concentration ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality

Kolagen dan kitosan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pembalut luka karena memiliki karakteristik yang baik. Namun, pembalut luka kolagen-kitosan perlu dilakukan uji sitotoksisitas sebelum diaplikasikan secara in vivo, seperti Brine Shrimp Lethally Test (BSLT). Pembalut luka kolagen-kitosan tidak dapat larut dalam Dimetil Sulfoksida (DMSO) dan aquadest dengan mudah, oleh karena itu perlu pertimbangan alternatif pelarut karena kolagen dan kitosan lebih mudah larut dalam pelarut asam seperti asam klorida (HCl) dan asam asetat ( CH3COOH). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) dari pembalut luka kolagen-kitosan yang dilarutkan dalam pelarut DMSO, HCl, CH3COOH dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Pembalut luka kolagen-kitosan didapatkan dengan mencampurkan larutan kitosan 2% dan kolagen dengan perbandingan 1:1 w/w kemudian dihomogenkan, dicetak, dan dikeringkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji sitotoksisitas dengan metode BSLT dan LC50 dihitung menggunakan Analisis Probit. Pembalut luka dilarutkan dalam pelarut DMSO 1%, CH3COOH 1%, dan HCl 1% hingga homogen, kemudian diencerkan dengan berbagai konsentrasi yaitu 100 ppm, 250 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, dan 1000 ppm dengan tiga kali ulangan untuk setiap perlakuan. Setelah itu uji BSLT dilakukan dengan menggunakan Artemia salina. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembalut luka yang dilarutkan dalam DMSO 1% memiliki LC50 > 1000 ppm, sedangkan pada pelarut CH3COOH dan pelarut HCl menunjukkan LC50< 30. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pelarut DMSO bersifat non-toksik (LC50 > 1000 ppm), tetapi pelarut CH3COOH 1% dan HCl 1% bersifat sangat toksik (LC50 < 30 ppm) sebagai pelarut alternatif pembalut luka kolagen-kitosan pada uji BSLT.

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Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay of the Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Selected Species of Medicinal Plants

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/ecsoc-23-06703 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Sandeep Waghulde ◽

Mohan K. Kale ◽

VijayR. Patil

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Annona Reticulata

The present study was conducted to test for in vivo Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA) of the Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Annona reticulata with Allium fistolisum and Brassica oleraceaeand correlate cytotoxicity results with known pharmacological activities of the plants. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in terms of LC50 (lethality concentration). Ten nauplii were added into three replicates of each concentration of the plant extract. After 24 h the surviving brine shrimp larvae were counted and LC50 was assessed. Results showed that the extracts of Annona reticulata with Allium fistolisumand Brassica oleraceaewere potent against the brine shrimp when compared alone with combined extracts. It indicated that bioactive components are present in these plants that could be accounted for its pharmacological effects. Thus, the results support the uses of these plant species in traditional medicine.

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Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Study of Some Acetylisatins and Diazobiphenyls

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujps.v9i1.7423 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Mamun Hossain ◽

Sakanta Kumar Shaha ◽

Foysal Aziz ◽

Rahat Khan ◽

Md Mahabub Hossain

Keyword(s):

Schiff Base ◽

Key Words ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Heterocyclic Compounds ◽

Cytotoxic Effect ◽

Cyclization Reaction ◽

Ring Cleavage ◽

Anticancer Activities ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds, oxindoles especially isatins and related heterocyles have excellent antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Oxindoles keto lactams (1-3) were synthesized according to modified Sandmayer method and their N-acetylated compounds (4-6) gave diazo-biphenyls (7-10) through ring cleavage and consequent cyclization reaction. Bis-amide (11), and Schiff-base (12) were synthesized from oxindoles respectively. The investigation of cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds was carried out against brine shrimp lethality bioassay. In our present investigation some of the synthesized compounds such as halogen substituted acetylisatins (4-6) and the ring extended diazo-biphenyls, (7-10) have been shown to exhibit strong cytotoxic effect. Key words: diazo-biphenyls; oxindoles; cytotoxicity; brine shrimp DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v9i1.7423Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 9(1): 1-6, 2010 (June)

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6. Cytotoxic Potential of n-Hexane Extract of Calotropis gigantea L. Leaves

The International Journal of Tropical Veterinary and Biomedical Research ◽

10.21157/ijtvbr.v1i1.5080 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 45-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kartini Hasballah ◽

Murniana Murniana ◽

Al Azhar ◽

Nurul Rahmi

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Hexane Extract ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Cytotoxic Potential ◽

Calotropis Gigantea ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

Vacuum Liquid Chromatography

The present study was done to determine the cytotoxic potential of n-hexane extract of Calotropis gigantea L. leaves and its fractions. Here, dried leaves of C. gigantea L. were macerated using n-hexane to obtain crude extract of 21.16 g (1.03%). The components of n-hexane extract of C. gigantea L. leaves were separated with vacuum-liquid chromatography resulted 4 fractions which are A (0.5 g), B (0.9g), C (5.29 g), and D (6.25 g). Phytochemical screening indicated that the extract contained various secondary metabolic compounds such as steroids, terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, coumarins, and phenolics. Cytotoxic potenital of the crude extract of C. gigantea L. and its fractions was examined using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). The LC50 values of C. gigantea’s n-hexane extract and its fractions that determined by Finney method were 272.27 (n-hexane extract), 31.62 (fraction A), 43.65 (fraction B), 33.89 (fraction C) and 20.98 (fraction D) ?g/mL, respectively. The most active was D fraction contained terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolics which were assumed contribute to its cytotoxic potential. These results suggested that n-fraction of C. gigantea might possess antitumor or pesticidal activities..

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Phytochemical Screening and Toxicological Evaluation Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) of Some Fractions of Prasman Leaves (Eupatorium triplinerve V) Extract

Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention ◽

10.14499/indonesianjcanchemoprev2iss1pp193-197 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 193 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shirly Kumala ◽

Dwi Windi Sapitri

Keyword(s):

Toxicity Test ◽

Brine Shrimp ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Toxicological Evaluation ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽

Toxicological Effect ◽

Toxicological Assessment ◽

Study Results

Prasman leaves (Eupatororium triplinerve V) was well documented to have anti cancer benefit in Indonesian traditional medicine history. However, there were no scientific studies including toxicological assessment on the plan extract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxicological effect of some fractions of Prasman leaves methanol extract. Phytochemical screening by the Farnsworth method on powder and some fraction of the methanol extract were conducted followed by toxicity test using the “Brine Shrimp Lethality” test (BSLT) method. In the current study results, the phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoid, saponin, coumarin, tannin, steroid and volatile oil. LC50 of the n-hexane fraction 238.66 µg/mL, ethyl acetate fraction 24.42 µg/mL, and n-butanol 64.10 µg/mL.Keywords : BSLT, Toxicity test, Eupatororium triplinerve

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