Bakteri Aerob Penyebab Infeksi Nosokomial di Ruang Bedah   RSU Abepura, Kota Jayapura, Papua

The research on identification of aerobic bacteria causing nosocomial infection in the surgery room of General Hospital (RSU) Abepura, Jayapura had been done from August–December 2008. Samples were taken from room air (30 minutes) using blood agar media and from certain tools at some points using brain heart infusion media (BHI). The colony appearance was observed after 24 hours of incubation period of bacterial growth. Further analysis to identify the aerobic bacteria causing nosocomial infections was done by several tests in Jayapura Health Laboratory. The result showed that there were 15 aerobic bacteria consisted of: the coccid gram–positive bacteria: Staphylococus epidermidis, S. aureus, S. saprophyticus, Streptcoccus sp; the rod gram-positive bacteria: Listeria monocytogenes, Diptheroid sp, Lactobacillus sp and gram-negative bacteria: Providence rettgeri, Pseudomonas puttrefaciens, Klebsiela ozaena, P. malthophyla, Morganela morganii, Serattia sp, K. oxytoca, and K. pneumonia. Key words: Aerobic bacteria, identification of bacteria, nosocomial infection, surgical room, Jayapura.

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IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI AEROB GRAM NEGATIF DAN GRAM POSITIF MENGGUNAKAN METODE KONVENSIONAL DAN OTOMATIK

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY ◽

10.24293/ijcpml.v19i2.1065 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

Patricia M. Tauran ◽

Irda Handayani ◽

Nurhayana Sennang

Keyword(s):

Aerobic Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Taxonomy ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Automated Method ◽

Automatic Methods ◽

Automated Methods

Choosing the method of bacteria identification is crucial to obtain accurate and quick results. This study will analyze the identificationresults of Gram negative and Gram positive from aerobic bacteria by examination using conventional and automatic methods at Dr.Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Laboratory. A total of 85 samples consisting of 66 Gram negative bacteria and 19 Gram positive bacteriawere identified using conventional and automated methods. In this study, there was some correspondent identification result betweenthe conventional as well as the automated methods, namely 31.5% for Gram negative bacteria and 30.8% for Gram positive bacteria.However, the non-correspondent identification result between conventional and automated methods was found greater, namely, 68.5%for Gram negative bacteria and 69.2% for Gram positive bacteria. The non-correspondent identification result was due to the developmentof bacterial taxonomy and the differences of numbers and types of the biochemical tests between conventional and automatic methods.Bacteria identification using automated method is more accurate and faster than the conventional method, so it is recommended usingthis particularly for the laboratory and educational referral center.

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Lactate production by aerobic bacteria grown in cerebrospinal fluid.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/30.11.1875 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 30 (11) ◽

pp. 1875-1876 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

F L Kiechle ◽

M A Kamela ◽

R W Starnes

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Bacterial Meningitis ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Lactate Production ◽

Aerobic Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

High Concentration ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

Abstract The source of the abnormally high concentration of lactate in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with bacterial meningitis is not known. It may represent a bacterial metabolite. To determine whether cerebrospinal fluid possesses appropriate substrates to support the growth of pathogenic aerobic bacteria, three Gram-positive and nine Gram-negative bacteria were separately inoculated in pooled normal cerebrospinal fluid. After incubation for 24 h, all Gram-positive bacteria increased lactate, eight Gram-negative bacteria decreased lactate, and one Gram-negative bacteria failed to significantly change the lactate concentration. We conclude that lactate produced in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with aerobic bacterial meningitis is not necessarily a bacterial metabolite.

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Effect of Lactose Monolaurate on Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Bacteria

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.07701-11 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 78 (9) ◽

pp. 3465-3468 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Ashwini Wagh ◽

Shujie Shen ◽

Fen Ann Shen ◽

Charles D. Miller ◽

Marie K. Walsh

Keyword(s):

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Content Type ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Lactose Monolaurate

ABSTRACTThe antimicrobial activities of sucrose monolaurate and a novel ester, lactose monolaurate (LML), were tested. Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible than Gram-negative bacteria to both esters. The minimal bactericidal concentrations of LML were 5 to 9.5 mM forListeria monocytogenesisolates and 0.2 to 2 mM forMycobacteriumisolates.

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Pola bakteri aerob pada sputum penderita infeksi saluran pernapasan akut di Poliklinik Paru RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.4.1.2016.12136 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Oktafin Manggopa ◽

Standy Soeliongan ◽

Herriyannis Homenta

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Yersinia Pestis ◽

Aerobic Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Enterobacter Agglomerans ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Serratia Liquefaciens ◽

Serratia Rubidaea

Abstract: Upper and lower respiratory tract infections are commonly found in the community. This study aimed to determine the pattern of aerobic bacteria in the sputum of acute respiratory infection patients at the Clinic of Lung Diseases Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado. This was an experimental laboratory study. There were 20 respondents consisted of 15 males (75%) and 5 females (25%). Bacteria were stained with Gram staining. The results of sputum examination were 12 samples (60%) of Gram-positive bacteria and 8 samples (40%) of Gram-negative bacteria. The Gram-positive bacteria consisted of two species: Bacillus subtillis in 10 samples (50%), and Streptococcus sp in 2 samples (10%). Moreover, the Gram-negative bacteria consisted of 7 species: Enterobacter chloacae in 1 sample (5%), Proteus alcalifaciens in 1 sample (5%), Yersinia pestis in 1 sample (5%), Enterobacter agglomerans in 2 samples (10%), Serratia marcessens in 1 sample (5%), Serratia rubidaea in 1 sample (5%), and Serratia liquefaciens in 1 sample (5%). Conclusion: The most common cause of acute respiratory bacterial infections was Bacillus subtilis. Keywords: acute respiratory disease, aerobic bacteria Abstrak: Infeksi saluran pernapasan atas dan bawah merupakan penyakit yang umum terjadi di masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola bakteri aerob pada sputum penderita infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) di Poliklinik Paru RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Jenis penelitian ini eksperimental laboratorium. Terdapat 20 responden yang terdiri dari 15 orang laki-laki (75%) dan 5 orang (25%) perempuan (25%). Untuk identifikasi bakteri dalam sputum digunakan pewarnaan Gram. Hasil pewarnaan Gram yaitu bakteri Gram positif 12 sampel (60%) sedangkan bakteri Gram negatif 8 sampel (40%). Bakteri Gram positif terdiri dari 2 spesies yaitu Bacillus subtillis 10 sampel (50%) dan Streptococcus sp. 2 sampel (10%). Bakteri Gram negatif terdiri dari 7 spesies yaitu Enterobacter chloacae 1 sampel (5%), Proteus alcalifaciens 1 sampel (5%), Yersinia pestis 1 sampel (5%), Enterobacter agglomerans 2 sampel (10%), Serratia marcessens 1 sampel (5%), Serratia rubidaea 1 sampel (5%), dan Serratia liquefaciens 1 sampel (5%). Simpulan: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan bakteri penyebab terbanyak ISPA pada pasien di poliklinik paru ialah Bacillus subtilis. Kata kunci: infeksi saluran napas akut, bakteri aerob

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Rapid demonstration of septic or infectious arthritis due to Gram-negative bacteria

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100123830 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 686-687

Author(s):

Jacob S. Hanker ◽

Paul R. Gross ◽

Beverly L. Giammara

Keyword(s):

Chronic Arthritis ◽

Blood Cultures ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Infectious Arthritis ◽

Bacterial Arthritis ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

Blood cultures are positive in approximately only 50 per cent of the patients with nongonococcal bacterial infectious arthritis and about 20 per cent of those with gonococcal arthritis. But the concept that gram-negative bacteria could be involved even in chronic arthritis is well-supported. Gram stains are more definitive in staphylococcal arthritis caused by gram-positive bacteria than in bacterial arthritis due to gram-negative bacteria. In the latter situation where gram-negative bacilli are the problem, Gram stains are helpful for 50% of the patients; they are only helpful for 25% of the patients, however, where gram-negative gonococci are the problem. In arthritis due to gram-positive Staphylococci. Gramstained smears are positive for 75% of the patients.

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Antibacterial activity of magnesium oxide nanoparticles prepared by Calcination method

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance ◽

10.25258/ijpqa.10.3.25 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Elaf Ayad Kadhem ◽

Miaad Hamzah Zghair ◽

Sarah , Hussam H. Tizkam, Shoeb Alahmad Salih Mahdi ◽

Hussam H. Tizkam ◽

Shoeb Alahmad

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Magnesium Oxide ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Agar Disc

magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were prepared by simple wet chemical method using different calcination temperatures. The prepared NPs were characterized by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). It demonstrates sharp intensive peak with the increase of crystallinty and increase of the size with varying morphologies with respect to increase of calcination temperature. Antibacterial studies were done on gram negative bacteria (E.coli) and gram positive bacteria (S.aureus) by agar disc diffusion method. The zones of inhibitions were found larger for gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria, this mean, antibacterial MgO NPs activity more active on gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria because of the structural differences. It was found that antibacterial activity of MgO NPs was found it has directly proportional with their concentration.

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BAKTERI PADA KARANG SCLERACTINIA DI KAWASAN PERAIRAN BUNAKEN, MOROTAI DAN RAJA AMPAT

JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS ◽

10.35800/jplt.8.1.2020.28110 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 122

Author(s):

Eghbert Eghbert Elvan Eghbert Elvan Ampou ◽

Iis Iis Triyulianti ◽

Nuryani Widagti ◽

Suciadi Catur Nugroho ◽

Yuli Pancawati

Keyword(s):

Scleractinian Coral ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Hard Coral ◽

Field Sampling ◽

Bacterial Isolation ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Coral Mucus ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

Research on hard coral (Scleractinian coral) contaminated with bacteria is still not much done, especially in Indonesian waters. This study took samples of coral mucus in 2010 at 3 (three) different locations, namely Bunaken (May); Morotai (September) and Raja Ampat (November), which focused on the analysis of Research on hard coral (Scleractinian coral) contaminated with bacteria is still not much done, especially in Indonesian waters. This study took samples of coral mucus in 2010 at 3 (three) different locations, namely Bunaken (May); Morotai (September) and Raja Ampat (November), which focused on the analysis of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The method used for field sampling is time swim, which is by diving at a depth of 5-10 meters for ± 30 minutes and randomly taking samples of coral mucus using siring or by taking directly on corals (reef branching). Mucus samples were analyzed by bacterial isolation in the laboratory. The result shows that there were differences between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in the three research sites and that gram-positive bacteria were higher or dominant. Further research that can identify the bacteria species and explain its relationship to the ecosystem is highly recommended.Keywords: Bacteria, Scleractinian coral, gram-positive and -negative, Bunaken, Morotai, Raja Ampat AbstrakPenelitian tentang karang keras (Scleractinian coral) yang terkontaminasi bakteri masih belum banyak dilakukan, terutama di perairan Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengambil sampel mucus karang pada tahun 2010 di 3 (tiga) lokasi berbeda, yakni Bunaken (Mei); Morotai (September) dan Raja Ampat (November), yang difokuskan pada analisis bakteri gram postif dan gram negatif. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengambilan sampel di lapangan adalah time swim, yaitu dengan penyelaman pada kedalaman 5-10 meter selama ±30 menit dan mengambil sampel mucus karang secara acak menggunakan siring atau dengan mengambil langsung pada karang (fraksi cabang). Sampel mucus dianalisis dengan cara isolasi bakteri di laboratorium. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan antara bakteri gram positif dan gram negative di tiga lokasi survei dan bakteri gram positif lebih tinggi atau dominan. Penelitian lebih lanjut yang dapat menentukan jenis bakteri serta menjelaskan hubungannya dengan ekosistem sangat disarankan untuk dilakukan.Kata Kunci : Bakteri, Scleractinian coral, gram positif dan negatif, Bunaken, Morotai, Raja Ampat

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N-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots as Fluorescent Bioimaging Agents

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11070789 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 789

Author(s):

Shih-Fu Ou ◽

Ya-Yun Zheng ◽

Sin-Jen Lee ◽

Shyi-Tien Chen ◽

Chien-Hui Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dots ◽

Carbon Nanomaterials ◽

Graphene Quantum Dots ◽

Carbon Quantum Dots ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Fluorescence Characteristics ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

Graphene quantum dots, carbon nanomaterials with excellent fluorescence characteristics, are advantageous for use in biological systems owing to their small size, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility. We used the hydrothermal method to prepare functional N-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) from 1,3,6-trinitropyrene and analyzed their ability to fluorescently stain various bacteria. Our results showed that N-CQDs stain the cell septa and membrane of the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonellaenteritidis, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus and the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. The optimal concentration of N-CQDs was approximately 500 ppm for Gram-negative bacteria and 1000 ppm for Gram-positive bacteria, and the exposure times varied with bacteria. N-Doped carbon quantum dots have better light stability and higher photobleaching resistance than the commercially available FM4-64. When excited at two different wavelengths, N-CQDs can emit light of both red and green wavelengths, making them ideal for bioimaging. They can also specifically stain Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell membranes. We developed an inexpensive, relatively easy, and bio-friendly method to synthesize an N-CQD composite. Additionally, they can serve as a universal bacterial membrane-staining dye, with better photobleaching resistance than commercial dyes.

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Gram-positive bacteria cell wall-derived lipoteichoic acid induces inflammatory alveolar bone loss through prostaglandin E production in osteoblasts

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92744-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tsukasa Tominari ◽

Ayumi Sanada ◽

Ryota Ichimaru ◽

Chiho Matsumoto ◽

Michiko Hirata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Osteoclast Differentiation ◽

Lipoteichoic Acid ◽

Alveolar Bone Loss ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

AbstractPeriodontitis is an inflammatory disease associated with severe alveolar bone loss and is dominantly induced by lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative bacteria; however, the role of Gram-positive bacteria in periodontal bone resorption remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a major cell-wall factor of Gram-positive bacteria, on the progression of inflammatory alveolar bone loss in a model of periodontitis. In coculture of mouse primary osteoblasts and bone marrow cells, LTA induced osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. LTA enhanced the production of PGE2 accompanying the upregulation of the mRNA expression of mPGES-1, COX-2 and RANKL in osteoblasts. The addition of indomethacin effectively blocked the LTA-induced osteoclast differentiation by suppressing the production of PGE2. Using ex vivo organ cultures of mouse alveolar bone, we found that LTA induced alveolar bone resorption and that this was suppressed by indomethacin. In an experimental model of periodontitis, LTA was locally injected into the mouse lower gingiva, and we clearly detected alveolar bone destruction using 3D-μCT. We herein demonstrate a new concept indicating that Gram-positive bacteria in addition to Gram-negative bacteria are associated with the progression of periodontal bone loss.

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Pyelonephritis in Pediatric Uropathic Patients: Differences from Community-Acquired Ones and Therapeutic Protocol Considerations. A 10-Year Single-Center Retrospective Study

Children ◽

10.3390/children8060436 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 436

Author(s):

Giovanni Parente ◽

Tommaso Gargano ◽

Stefania Pavia ◽

Chiara Cordola ◽

Marzia Vastano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Success Rate ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Klebsiella Spp

Pyelonephritis (PN) represents an important cause of morbidity in the pediatric population, especially in uropathic patients. The aim of the study is to demonstrate differences between PNs of uropathic patients and PNs acquired in community in terms of uropathogens involved and antibiotic sensitivity; moreover, to identify a proper empiric therapeutic strategy. A retrospective study was conducted on antibiograms on urine cultures from PNs in vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) patients admitted to pediatric surgery department and from PNs in not VUR patients admitted to Pediatric Emergency Unit between 2010 and 2020. We recorded 58 PNs in 33 patients affected by VUR and 112 PNs in the not VUR group. The mean age of not VUR patients at the PN episode was 1.3 ± 2.6 years (range: 20 days of life–3 years), and almost all the urine cultures, 111 (99.1%), isolated Gram-negative bacteria and rarely, 1 (0.9%), Gram-positive bacteria. The Gram-negative uropathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (97%), Proteus mirabilis (2%), and Klebsiella spp. (1%). The only Gram-positive bacteria isolated was an Enterococcus faecalis. As regards the antibiograms, 96% of not VUR PNs responded to beta-lactams, 99% to aminoglycosides, and 80% to sulfonamides. For the VUR group, mean age was 3.0 years ± 3.0 years (range: 9 days of life–11 years) and mean number of episodes per patient was 2.0 ± 1.0 (range: 1–5); 83% of PNs were by Gram-negatives bacteria vs. 17% by Gram-positive: the most important Gram-negative bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (44%), Escherichia coli (27%), and Klebsiella spp. (12%), while Enterococcus spp. determined 90% of Gram-positive UTIs. Regimen ampicillin/ceftazidime (success rate: 72.0%) was compared to ampicillin/amikacin (success rate of 83.0%): no statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.09). The pathogens of PNs in uropathic patients are different from those of community-acquired PNs, and clinicians should be aware of their peculiar antibiotic susceptibility. An empiric therapy based on the association ampicillin + ceftazidime is therefore suggested.

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