scholarly journals Effects of blueberry leaf and stem extracts on hepatic lipid levels in rats consuming a high-sucrose diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Yasushi Matsuura ◽  
Hiroyuki Sakakibara ◽  
Maho Kawaguchi ◽  
Emi Murayama ◽  
Daigo Yokoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
Malic Enzyme Activity ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

Background: Blueberry stems, a by-product of blueberry leaf tea production, are typically discarded. We evaluated the effects of hot-water extracts of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum Aiton; RB species) leaves and stems on hepatic lipid levels in rats consuming a high-sucrose diet.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups that received a control high-sucrose diet alone or supplementation with 2.0% blueberry leaf extract or 0.5% or 2.0% blueberry stem extract. Blood and hepatic lipid levels, hepatic lipogenic enzyme activity, and hepatic quercetin metabolites were evaluated after 28 days of ad libitum consumption.Results: Supplementation with the extracts did not affect body weight gain, food intake, liver and white adipose tissue weights, or serum lipid levels. Hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were reduced in the groups that received 2.0% supplementation of either extract. Hepatic malic enzyme activity was also reduced in those groups. Quercetin and its glycosides, the major polyphenols identified in the extracts, accumulated in the liver as quercetin aglycone and quercetin metabolites. Conclusion: We demonstrated how daily consumption of blueberry leaf and stem extracts can decrease hepatic lipid levels, potentially downregulating malic enzyme activity. These effects were intensive in leaf extracts. The active compounds existed in both extracts may be quercetin and its glycosides. Therefore, blueberry stems and leaves may be an attractive candidate novel functional food.Keywords: Blueberry leaf; blueberry stem; quercetin; hepatic lipid; rat; functional food

scholarly journals The redox state of free nicotinamide–adenine dinucleotide phosphate in the cytoplasm of rat liver

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Veech ◽  
L. V. Eggleston ◽  
H. A. Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Redox States ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
A Value ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

1. The concentrations of the oxidized and reduced substrates of the ‘malic’ enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42) were measured in freeze-clamped rat livers. By assuming that the reactants of these dehydrogenase systems are at equilibrium in the cytoplasm the [free NADP+]/[free NADPH] ratio was calculated. The justification of the assumption is discussed. 2. The values of this ratio obtained under different nutritional conditions (well-fed, 48hr.-starved, fed with a low-carbohydrate diet, fed with a high-sucrose diet) were all of the same order of magnitude although characteristic changes occurred on varying the diet. The value of the ratio fell on starvation and on feeding with the low-carbohydrate diet and rose slightly on feeding with the high-sucrose diet. 3. The mean values of the ratio were calculated to be between 0·001 and 0·015, which is about 100000 times lower than the values of the cytoplasmic [free NAD+]/[free NADH] ratio. 4. The differences in the redox state of the two nicotinamide–adenine dinucleotide couples can be explained on a simple physicochemical basis. The differences are the result of equilibria that are determined by the equilibrium constants of a number of highly active readily reversible dehydrogenases and transaminases and the concentrations of the substrates and products of these enzymes. 5. The decisive feature is the fact that the NAD and NADP couples share substrates. This sharing provides a link between the redox states of the two couples. 6. The application of the method of calculation to data published by Kraupp, Adler-Kastner, Niessner & Plank (1967), Goldberg, Passonneau & Lowry (1966) and Kauffman, Brown, Passonneau & Lowry (1968) shows that the redox states of the NAD and NADP couples in cardiac-muscle cytoplasm and in mouse-brain cytoplasm are of the same order as those in rat liver. 7. The determination of the equilibrium constant at 38°, pH7·0 and I 0·25 (required for the calculation of the [free NADP+]/[free NADPH] ratio), gave a value of 3·44×10−2m for the ‘malic’ enzyme (with CO2 rather than HCO3− as the reactant) and a value of 1·98×10−2m−1 for glutathione reductase.

Rats fed a high sucrose diet have altered heart antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression

Life Sciences ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 1303-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Busserolles ◽  
Wioletta Zimowska ◽  
Edmond Rock ◽  
Yves Rayssiguier ◽  
Andrzej Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

scholarly journals Effects of maternal high‐fat/high sucrose diet on hepatic lipid metabolism in rat offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Camilla Ingvorsen ◽  
Christopher J. Lelliott ◽  
Susanne Brix ◽  
Lars I. Hellgren
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

Regular exercise prevents high-sucrose diet-induced fatty liver via improvement of hepatic lipid metabolism

2011 ◽  
Vol 413 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Aoi ◽  
Yuji Naito ◽  
Liu Po Hang ◽  
Kazuhiko Uchiyama ◽  
Satomi Akagiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

scholarly journals Effects of high sucrose diet, gemfibrozil, and their combination on plasma paraoxonase 1 activity and lipid levels in rats.

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Macan ◽  
Nada Vrkić ◽  
Ana Lucić Vrdoljak ◽  
Božica Radić ◽  
Vlasta Bradamante
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Sucrose ◽  
Serum Pon1 Activity

We investigated the influence of high sucrose diet (HSD) after 3 or 5 weeks of administration on paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity in plasma of normolipidemic rats and the relationship between serum PON1 activity, triacylglycerides (TGs), HDL and total cholesterol vs. the control group of rats fed normal, control diet (CD). Because the data about the influence of gemfibrozil (GEM) on PON1 activity are controversial, we also investigated its effects (administration in the 4th and 5th week in rats on HSD and CD) on plasma PON1 activity and lipid levels in normolipidemic rats, and in rats with hypertriglyceridemia caused by HSD. Our results obtained in rats on HSD show a significant increase of plasma TGs levels by 47% (P

scholarly journals Polymannuronic acid ameliorated obesity and inflammation associated with a high-fat and high-sucrose diet by modulating the gut microbiome in a murine model

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (9) ◽  
pp. 1332-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Liu ◽  
Xiong Wang ◽  
Hongjie Shi ◽  
Yuming Wang ◽  
Changhu Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

AbstractPolymannuronic acid (PM), one of numerous alginates isolated from brown seaweeds, is known to possess antioxidant activities. In this study, we examined its potential role in reducing body weight gain and attenuating inflammation induced by a high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFD) as well as its effect on modulating the gut microbiome in mice. A 30-d PM treatment significantly reduced the diet-induced body weight gain and blood TAG levels (P<0·05) and improved glucose tolerance in male C57BL/6J mice. PM decreased lipopolysaccharides in blood and ameliorated local inflammation in the colon and the epididymal adipose tissue. Compared with low-fat and low-sucrose diet (LFD), HFD significantly reduced the mean number of species-level operational taxonomic units (OTU) per sample as well as species richness (P<0·05) but did not appear to affect other microbial diversity indices. Moreover, compared with LFD, HFD altered the abundance of approximately 23 % of the OTU detected (log10 linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score>2·0). PM also had a profound impact on the microbial composition in the gut microbiome and resulted in a distinct microbiome structure. For example, PM significantly increased the abundance of a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus reuteri (log10 LDA score>2·0). Together, our results suggest that PM may exert its immunoregulatory effects by enhancing proliferation of several species with probiotic activities while repressing the abundance of the microbial taxa that harbor potential pathogens. Our findings should facilitate mechanistic studies on PM as a potential bioactive compound to alleviate obesity and the metabolic syndrome.

Paradoxical effects of a high sucrose diet: high energy intake and reduced body weight gain

Appetite ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Goodson ◽  
J.C.G. Halford ◽  
H.C. Jackson ◽  
J.E. Blundell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
High Energy Intake ◽  
Paradoxical Effects ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

Reduced insulin suppression of glucose appearance is related to susceptibility to dietary obesity in rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (4) ◽  
pp. R1264-R1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Pagliassotti ◽  
T. J. Horton ◽  
E. C. Gayles ◽  
T. A. Koppenhafer ◽  
T. D. Rosenzweig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Kinetics ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

To examine the relationship between insulin action and body weight regulation in male rats, the following studies were performed. In study 1, rats (n = 31) were fed a low-fat diet (LFD) for 4 wk, and then glucose kinetics were estimated under basal and hyperinsulinemic conditions using the glucose clamp. After clamps, these same rats were placed on a high-fat diet (HFD) for 5 wk. In study 2, rats (n = 30) were fed an LFD for 3 wk and then a high-sucrose diet for 1 wk to produce selective hepatic insulin resistance. Clamps were then performed, and after clamps, these same rats were placed on an HFD for 5 wk. In study 3, rats (n = 30) were fed an LFD for 1 wk and then a high-sucrose diet for 3 wk to produce widespread insulin resistance. Clamps were then performed, and after clamps, these same rats were placed on an HFD for 5 wk. The rate of glucose appearance (R(a)) during the hyperinsulinemic clamps was the only pre-HFD variable that correlated (r = 0.49, P < 0.01 in study 1; r = 0.51, P < 0.001 in study 2) with weight gain on the HFD. Clamp R(a) also correlated with energy intake on the HFD in study 1 (r = 0.64, P < 0.001) and study 2 (r = 0.59, P < 0.001). Clamp R(a) and energy intake on the HFD accounted for similar portions of the variance in body weight gain on the HFD. Weight gain and fat-pad mass were increased (P < 0.05) in study 2 compared with study 1. In study 3, pre-HFD glucose kinetics were not correlated with energy intake or weight gain on the HFD. Widespread insulin resistance did not significantly reduce the rate of weight gain on the HFD. Thus insulin action on R(a) can influence body weight gain on an HFD. The effects of R(a) on body weight gain appear to be mediated via effects on energy intake. Selective hepatic insulin resistance can increase body weight gain on an HFD, but widespread insulin resistance does not significantly reduce HFD-induced weight gain.

scholarly journals Sexual dimorphism in insulin resistance in a metabolic syndrome rat model

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 890-902
Author(s):  
Myrian Velasco ◽  
Rosa Isela Ortiz-Huidobro ◽  
Carlos Larqué ◽  
Yuriko Itzel Sánchez-Zamora ◽  
José Romo-Yáñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Phosphorylated Akt ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose Diet ◽  
High Sucrose

Objective: We assessed the sex-specific differences in the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in muscle and adipose tissue, in a MS rat model induced by a high sucrose diet. Methods: Male, female, and ovariectomized female Wistar rats were randomly distributed in control and high-sucrose diet (HSD) groups, supplemented for 24 weeks with 20% sucrose in the drinking water. At the end, we assessed parameters related to MS, analyzing the effects of the HSD on critical nodes of the insulin signaling pathway in muscle and adipose tissue. Results: At the end of the treatment, HSD groups of both sexes developed obesity, with a 15, 33 and 23% of body weight gain in male, female, and OVX groups respectively, compared with controls; mainly related to hypertrophy of peripancreatic and gonadal adipose tissue. They also developed hypertriglyceridemia, and liver steatosis, with the last being worse in the HSD females. Compared to the control groups, HSD rats had higher IL1B and TNFA levels and insulin resistance. HSD females were more intolerant to glucose than HSD males. Our observations suggest that insulin resistance mechanisms include an increase in phosphorylated AKT(S473) form in HSD male and female groups and a decrease in phosphorylated P70S6K1(T389) in the HSD male groups from peripancreatic adipose tissue. While in gonadal adipose tissue the phosphorylated form of AKT decreased in HSD females, but not in HSD males. Finally, HSD groups showed a reduction in p-AKT levels in gastrocnemius muscle. Conclusion: A high-sucrose diet induces MS and insulin resistance with sex-associated differences and in a tissue-specific manner.

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