Detection of Vaccinia Virus in Dairy Cattle Serum Samples from 2009, Uruguay

Aflatoxin M1 is one of mycotoxin derivatives, which is secreted in milk of dairy cattle fed on feed contaminated with Aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1). The current study was designed to prepare a vaccine against AFB1and to evaluate its efficacy in reducing or preventing secretion of AFM1 in milk. Aflatoxin-B1 was prepared, purified and transformed into oxime, then it was fixed on bovine serum albumins. The AFB1-BSA conjugate was adjuvanted with Gold Nano particles then Montanide ISA 206. The prepared vaccine was used for immunization of rabbits by S/c routes as 100 µg/dose and dairy cattle by I/M routes as 500 µg/dose. The vaccinated animals were boosted at 3 weeks post primary immunization. Serum samples were collected and examined for the anti-AFB1 using AGPT. A mean titer of 15.2 AGPU/ml was detected at 2 weeks post primary vaccination then significantly increased till reached to 76.8 AGPU/ml at 6 weeks post Booster vaccination. All vaccinated rabbits were challenged with dose of 0.3 mg AFB1 toxin/Kg. The vaccinated rabbit showed 100% protection and no AFB1 toxin residue was detected in their livers. Milk samples were collected from non-vaccinated and AFB1-immunized dairy cattle then examined with ELISA for quantitation of AFM1 residues before and after vaccination. The results showed that the prepared AFB1 vaccine was safe, potent and able to reduce AFM1 release in milk of vaccinated heifers by 70%. So the vaccination of lactating animals with the AFB1vaccine might represent a valid tool for the prevention of AFM1 contamination of milk and dairy products.

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Dairy cattle serum and milk factors contributing to the risk of colon and breast cancers

International Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1002/ijc.29466 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 137 (4) ◽

pp. 959-967 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Harald zur Hausen ◽

Ethel-Michele de Villiers

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Breast Cancers ◽

Cattle Serum

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Antibodies against Bovine herpesvirus 1 in dairy herds in the state of Espirito Santo, Brasil

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/s0034-737x2014000200017 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 280-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marcus Rebouças Santos ◽

Hanna Carolina Campos Ferreira ◽

Marcos Antônio dos Santos ◽

Giuliana Loreto Saraiva ◽

Natália Filardi Tafuri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Bovine Herpesvirus ◽

The State ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽

Espírito Santo ◽

Herpesvirus 1 ◽

Cattle Herds ◽

Espirito Santo

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) causes major losses in worldwide livestock, affecting the respiratory and reproductive tracts of bovine. In the past decades, the number of cases in Brazil has been gradually increasing. Therefore, it is important to assess the distribution of infection in different regions of the country. In the state of Espírito Santo (ES) the BoHV 1 infection rate in dairy cattle herds is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to detect neutralizing antibodies against BoHV-1 in serum samples from 1,161 non-vaccinated cows from 59 dairy cattle herds in 23 municipalities of the Metropolitan, North, Northwest and South macro-regions. The identification of seropositive cows was evaluated by the virus neutralization test. The results showed that of all serum samples evaluated 775 (66.75%) had neutralizing antibodies against BoHV-1. Moreover, all herds were found positive; however, the percentage of positive cows varied among regions; 49.06%, 62.15%, 67.21% and 80.04% for the Metropolitan, South, North and Northwest macro-regions, respectively. In this study, the results clearly indicate the dissemination of the viral agent in dairy cattle in the ES state, requiring the monitoring and control of diseases related to BoHV-1 infection.

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Seroprevalence of major infectious causes of dairy cattle reproductive problems in central Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1153341/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yohannes Equar Messele ◽

Gebrerufael Girmay ◽

Bezina Arega Emeru ◽

Shelema Kelbesa Bora ◽

Workitu Firomsa Gudeta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Q Fever ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Control Program ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Central Ethiopia ◽

History Of ◽

Combined Infection ◽

And Control

Abstract Background Reproductive problem is one of the main constraints of livestock genetic improvement efforts in tropical countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of major infectious causes of reproductive problems of dairy cattle in selected dairy farms in central Ethiopia. Overall 86 serum samples were collected from October 2018 to February 2019 from animals with history of reproductive problems. The collected serum was tested for antibody titer against Brucella species, Neospora caninum, Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD), Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) and Q-fever using rose-bengal and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests. Result Among the animals with the history of reproductive disordered; abortion, still birth and repeat breeding cases were found in 61.6%, 19.8% and 18.6%, respectively. The prevalence of IBR, BVD, Neospora caninum and Coxiella brunetti was found to be 79.1%, 38.4%, 3.5% and 1.2%, respectively. The combined infection of both BVD and IBR were detected in 21% of animals. Out of the total animals examined in this study, 95.9% of Jersey breeds were found seropositive to IBR than Boran-Friesian crosses (57.7%). The incidence of BVD was significantly higher in Boran-Friesian crossbred cattle than in Jersey which was found to be 69.3% and 14.3, respectively. The prevalence of IBR and BVD was directly proportional with age of the animal and parity. Conclusion Vaccination against IBR and BVD is not practiced in Ethiopia, the rising level of those diseases in dairy sector needs regular surveillance and control program.

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Evaluation of a commercial Erns-capture ELISA for detection of BVDV in routine diagnostic cattle serum samples

Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica ◽

10.1186/1751-0147-49-7 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jaruwan Kampa ◽

Karl Ståhl ◽

Lena HM Renström ◽

Stefan Alenius

Keyword(s):

Serum Samples ◽

Capture Elisa ◽

Cattle Serum

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Prevalence and spatial analysis of antileptospiral agglutinins in dairy cattle - Microregion of Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, 2009/2010

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-41626216 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 648-654 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R.R. Nicolino ◽

L.B. Lopes ◽

R.O. Rodrigues ◽

J.F.B. Teixeira ◽

J.P.A. Haddad

Keyword(s):

Spatial Analysis ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

Individual Animal ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Herd Prevalence ◽

Lactating Cows

The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in the dairy herds from Minas Gerais, Brazil, during the years 2009 and 2010. A total of 2,915 serum samples were collected from the lactating cows of 151 properties in eleven municipalities located in the Sete Lagoas region. The Microscopic Agglutination Test was used to detect antileptospiral agglutinins. An individual animal prevalence of 20.7% (95% CI = 17.1% - 24.3%) and a herd prevalence of 80.8% (95% CI = 73.8% = 87.7%) were determined. The most prevalent serovars were hardjoprajitno at 19.4%; hardjoprajitnostrain Norma at 17.4%; and hardjo-bovis at 17.4%. These results show the significance of the hardjo serovar in bovine leptospirosis cases in Minas Gerais.

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Evaluation of abortions spontaneously induced by Neospora caninum and risk factors in dairy cattle from Lima, Peru

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612019026 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 215-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marcos Enrique Serrano-Martínez ◽

Cesar Abel Burga Cisterna ◽

Roberto Carlos Evaristo Romero ◽

Marco Antonio Quispe Huacho ◽

Alessandra Matienzo Bermabé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Diagnostic Tests ◽

Indirect Elisa ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Chi Squared

Abstract Our objective was to identify the direct and indirect presence of Neospora caninum in dairy cattle and their aborted fetuses from Lima, Peru. A total 219 blood samples obtained from dairy cattle with records of spontaneous abortion were collected to detect antibodies against N. caninum in serum with indirect ELISA and search for risk-factor associations. 68 fetal aborted tissue samples of these cows were analyzed by PCR, indirect ELISA and histopathology assay to detect N. caninum presence. The prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Univariate analysis was performed using the chi-squared test. Among the 68 aborted fetuses collected, 10 (15%) were positive in at least two diagnostic tests. Among 219 serum samples, 46.6% (95% CI: 40.0%-53.3%) were positive. Cows with 4 years or older (PR: 7.10; 95% CI: 4.89-10.67) and multiparous (PR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.11-2.80) were found to be more likely to possess N. caninum antibodies. This study detects presence of N. caninum in dairy cattle and their aborted fetus from Lima valley, suggesting biosecurity management improve to neosporosis control.

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Characteristics and Epidemiological Investigation of Paratuberculosis in Dairy Cattle in Tai’an, China

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/3896754 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Zilong Cheng ◽

Mengda Liu ◽

Peng Wang ◽

Peng Liu ◽

Meng Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Shandong Province ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Fatal Disease ◽

Ionization Time ◽

Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽

Subcutaneous Edema ◽

Polymerase Chain

Paratuberculosis, a chronic and sometimes fatal disease of ruminants, is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). In this study, we examined paratuberculosis cases among 2–4-year-old dairy cows at farms in Shandong Province, China. Paratuberculosis cases were diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, pathological autopsy, and histopathological inspection. Characteristics of paratuberculosis in the affected dairy cattle included poor body condition, persistent diarrhea, subcutaneous edema, granulomatous ileitis (multibacillary), mesenteric lymphadenitis, and hepatitis. Acid-fast bacilli from fecal specimens and lymphocytes were putatively identified as MAP based on Ziehl-Neelsen staining, then confirmed using polymerase chain reaction-based testing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analyses. Overall, only one MAP strain was isolated from a herd with symptomatic diarrhea. However, analysis of 586 serum samples from nine herds in Tai’an City revealed that 66.7% of herds and 14.2% of animals were seropositive for MAP. Our findings suggest that paratuberculosis is widely prevalent and therefore a significant threat to the dairy industry in Tai’an City, Shandong Province, China.

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Infection by Neospora caninum in dairy cattle belonging to family farmers in the northern region of Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612015035 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 204-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ricardo Vilas Boas ◽

Thábata dos Anjos Pacheco ◽

Andréia Lima Tomé Melo ◽

Anderson Castro Soares de Oliveira ◽

Daniel Moura de Aguiar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Northern Region ◽

Family Farms ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Spatial Lag Model ◽

Disease Occurrence ◽

Lag Model

Neosporosis is considered a major cause of abortion among cattle worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in dairy cattle and correlate them with possible risk factors on 63 small farms (family farms) in the municipality of Ji-Paraná, the main milk-producing region of the state of Rondônia, northern Brazil. For this purpose, 621 serum samples were collected from cows and were evaluated by means of the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The overall herd prevalence of N. caninum antibodies among the farms (38/63; 60.31%) showed that N. caninum are widespread among the dairy herds in this region, despite only infecting a small proportion of animals (66/621, 10.62%). Occurrences of abortion and birth of weak calves were the only variables that showed as risk factors for the presence of N. caninum. The result from the spatial lag model strongly indicated that birth of weak calves and presence of N. caninum are occurring on farms that are located close to each other, indicating aggregation of disease occurrence.

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Seroprevalence and correlates of Toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy cattle in northwest China

Acta Parasitologica ◽

10.1515/ap-2015-0087 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Qi-Dong Tan ◽

Xiao-Yu Yang ◽

Ming-Yang Yin ◽

Ling-Ying Hu ◽

Si-Yuan Qin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Northwest China ◽

Gansu Province ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Modified Agglutination Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

AbstractPrevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and risk factors with infection were assessed in dairy cattle from Gansu Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NXHAR), northwest China. In total, 1657 serum samples were collected and assayed by the modified agglutination test. The overall seroprevalence was 4.83% at a 1:100 cut-off, with titers of 1:100 in 72, 1:200 in 4, 1:400 in 4. Among the risk factors examined, no statistically significant difference was observed between T. gondii seroprevalence and regions or age of dairy cattle in the logistic regression analysis (P>0.05) and left out of the final model. However, numbers of pregnancies of dairy cattle was considered as main risk factor associated with T. gondii infection. Dairy cattle in nulliparity group (8.89%) had 6 times (OR=6.31, 95% CI, 2.69-14.83, P<0.001) higher risk of being seropositive compared to dairy cattle in 3 or above 3 pregnancies group (1.52%), followed by 1 pregnancy group (4.27%) had nearly 3 times (OR=2.89, 95% CI, 1.11-7.52, P = 0.03) higher risk of being seropositive compared to dairy cattle in 3 or above 3 pregnancies group, although no statistical difference was found between 2 pregnancies group and 3 or above 3 pregnancies group (P = 0.70). The results of this survey indicated the presence of T. gondii infection in dairy cattle in Gansu Province and NXHAR, which enriches the epidemiological data of T. gondii infection in dairy cattle in China, and is helpful to strengthen prevention and control of T. gondii infection in dairy cattle in these two regions.

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