scholarly journals SARCOCYSTIS IN SOME RODENTS AND BIRDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (338) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
D. U. Seksenova ◽  
B. K. Esimov ◽  
Z. A. Ibragimova
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Eating Meat ◽  
Microscopic Studies

Sarkosporidiosis is a chronic animal disease that often results in death. In animals with severe damage to the body by sarkosporidiosis, weakness, tissue depletion and hydremia are observed. Sarcocyst development occurs in muscle cells and tissues. It is known that in vivo predators become infected by eating meat from animals affected by sarcocysts. Sarcocysts secrete toxic substances, sarcocystin and sarcosporiocin, which lead to the death of animals within 5-20 hours. In chronic conditions in animals, salt deposits form around numerous sarcocysts and pronounced skeletal muscle hydremia is also observed. Sarcocystosis can be detected only after the death of animals. The corpses of animals must be examined microscopically, severely damaged corpses should be buried to a depth of 2 meters. When conducting microscopic studies of slices taken from samples of affected animal meat, a diagnosis is established. The proposed work is devoted to study the fauna and cycles of the development of micromorphology of representatives of the genus Sarcocystis of some rodents and birds. To achieve this research, an experiment was conducted with small vertebrates. The goal of our work is to identify the distribution of sarcosporidia of some species of rodents and birds, to study the morphology of the detected sarcosporidia, and their life cycle. The results of the study can be used for the epizootological characterization of sarcocystosis of rodents and birds. The study of the life cycle and specific structure is necessary for the diagnosis of species of the genus Sarcocystis. Yellow ground squirrel, house mouse and chukar can serve as a laboratory example in the study of mammalian and bird sarcocystosis. Ultrastructure materials and the life cycle of sarcosporidia can be used in studying the courses “Parasitology” and “Invertebrate Zoology”. There are 5 articles that were published on materials of this work.

In-vivo evaluation of cisplatin nanoparticles encompass natural polymer

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bhavani J ◽  
Sunil Kumar Prajapati ◽  
Ravichandran S
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Mustard ◽  
Common Type ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation

Cancer is assemblage diseases involving abnormal cell growth amid the potential of spread to other parts of the body due to tobacco use are the cause of about of cancer deaths. Another 10% is due to obesity, poor diet & drinking alcohol. In 2012 about 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred globally. In females, the most common type is breast cancer. Cisplatin also known as cytophosphane is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent from the oxazophosphinans groups were used to treat cancers & autoimmune disorders. Based on the above reasons I will fix the aim Preparation characterization of Cisplatin- nano particles  &  its anticancer activity. Solid tumor volume examination report showed that the assessment of different day indication 15,20,25 & 30th variations of different groups of tumor volumes were decreased CPG Nanoparticles (100 mg/kg)+ DAL(15th day 4.97±0.24↓), (20th day 0.6±0.13↓), (25th day 1.35±0.30↓) & (30th day 1.89±0.13↓).

scholarly journals An Implanted Magnetic Microfluidic Pump for In Vivo Bone Remodeling Applications

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyu Chen ◽  
Sunggi Noh ◽  
Rhonda D. Prisby ◽  
Jeong-Bong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Bone Growth ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
The Body ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Fischer 344 Rat ◽  
Pressure Modulation

Modulations of fluid flow inside the bone intramedullary cavity has been found to stimulate bone cellular activities and augment bone growth. However, study on the efficacy of the fluid modulation has been limited to external syringe pumps connected to the bone intramedullary cavity through the skin tubing. We report an implantable magnetic microfluidic pump which is suitable for in vivo studies in rodents. A compact microfluidic pump (22 mm diameter, 5 mm in thickness) with NdFeB magnets was fabricated in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using a set of stainless-steel molds. An external actuator with a larger magnet was used to wirelessly actuate the magnetic microfluidic pump. The characterization of the static pressure of the microfluidic pump as a function of size of magnets was assessed. The dynamic pressure of the pump was also characterized to estimate the output of the pump. The magnetic microfluidic pump was implanted into the back of a Fischer-344 rat and connected to the intramedullary cavity of the femur using a tube. On-demand wireless magnetic operation using an actuator outside of the body was found to induce pressure modulation of up to 38 mmHg inside the femoral intramedullary cavity of the rat.

scholarly journals Molecular and functional characterization of somatostatin-type signalling in a deuterostome invertebrate

Open Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 200172
Author(s):  
Ya Zhang ◽  
Luis Alfonso Yañez Guerra ◽  
Michaela Egertová ◽  
Cleidiane G. Zampronio ◽  
Alexandra M. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pharmacological Characterization ◽  
Cardiac Stomach ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Pharmacological Tests ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Somatostatin (SS) and allatostatin-C (ASTC) are structurally and evolutionarily related neuropeptides that act as inhibitory regulators of physiological processes in mammals and insects, respectively. Here, we report the first molecular and functional characterization of SS/ASTC-type signalling in a deuterostome invertebrate—the starfish Asterias rubens (phylum Echinodermata). Two SS/ASTC-type precursors were identified in A. rubens (ArSSP1 and ArSSP2) and the structures of neuropeptides derived from these proteins (ArSS1 and ArSS2) were analysed using mass spectrometry. Pharmacological characterization of three cloned A. rubens SS/ASTC-type receptors (ArSSR1–3) revealed that ArSS2, but not ArSS1, acts as a ligand for all three receptors. Analysis of ArSS2 expression in A. rubens using mRNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed stained cells/fibres in the central nervous system, the digestive system (e.g. cardiac stomach) and the body wall and its appendages (e.g. tube feet). Furthermore, in vitro pharmacological tests revealed that ArSS2 causes dose-dependent relaxation of tube foot and cardiac stomach preparations, while injection of ArSS2 in vivo causes partial eversion of the cardiac stomach. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular evolution of SS/ASTC-type signalling in the animal kingdom and reveal an ancient role of SS-type neuropeptides as inhibitory regulators of muscle contractility.

scholarly journals Advanced characterizations of nanoparticles for drug delivery: investigating their properties through the techniques used in their evaluations

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Mahmood ◽  
Uttam Kumar Mandal ◽  
Bappaditya Chatterjee ◽  
Muhammad Taher
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Advanced Characterization ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drug Molecule ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Preparation Techniques

AbstractNanomedicine has achieved a huge success in delivering a wide variety of drug molecules into the target site of the body. In this respect, the characterization of nanoformulation is very important to investigate the drug molecule together with its carrier as a nanoform during formulation, storage, and in vivo transport through the body. This review article summarizes important advanced characterization techniques of nanoformulation with respect to their theories, use of required instrumental parameters, sample preparation techniques, data interpretation, etc., to exploit them for the best possible results. This review article also sheds a glimpse to the shortcomings of these techniques together with further advancements required in future.

scholarly journals Lipid defect underlies selective skin barrier impairment of an epidermal-specific deletion of Gata-3

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina de Guzman Strong ◽  
Philip W. Wertz ◽  
Chenwei Wang ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Paul S. Meltzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Environment Analysis ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Specific Deletion

Skin lies at the interface between the complex physiology of the body and the external environment. This essential epidermal barrier, composed of cornified proteins encased in lipids, prevents both water loss and entry of infectious or toxic substances. We uncover that the transcription factor GATA-3 is required to establish the epidermal barrier and survive in the ex utero environment. Analysis of Gata-3 mutant transcriptional profiles at three critical developmental stages identifies a specific defect in lipid biosynthesis and a delay in differentiation. Genomic analysis identifies highly conserved GATA-3 binding sites bound in vivo by GATA-3 in the first intron of the lipid acyltransferase gene AGPAT5. Skin from both Gata-3−/− and previously characterized barrier-deficient Kruppel-like factor 4−/− newborns up-regulate antimicrobial peptides, effectors of innate immunity. Comparison of these animal models illustrates how impairment of the skin barrier by two genetically distinct mechanisms leads to innate immune responses, as observed in the common human skin disorders psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.

scholarly journals Fiber-integrated Brillouin microspectroscopy: Towards Brillouin endoscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (06) ◽  
pp. 1742002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina V. Kabakova ◽  
YuChen Xiang ◽  
Carl Paterson ◽  
Peter Török
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
The Body ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Micromechanical Characterization ◽  
First Time

Brillouin imaging (BI) for micromechanical characterization of tissues and biomaterials is a fast-developing field of research with a strong potential for medical diagnosis of disease-modified tissues and cells. Although the principles of BI imply its compatibility with in vivo and in situ measurements, the integration of BI with a flexible catheter, capable of reaching the region of interest within the body, is yet to be reported. Here, for the first time, we experimentally investigate integration of the Brillouin spectroscope with standard optical fiber components to achieve a Brillouin endoscope. The performance of single-fiber and dual-fiber endoscopes are demonstrated and analyzed. We show that a major challenge in construction of Brillouin endoscopes is the strong backward Brillouin scattering in the optical fiber and we present a dual-fiber geometry as a possible solution. Measurements of Brillouin spectra in test liquids (water, ethanol and glycerol) are demonstrated using the dual-fiber endoscope and its performance is analyzed numerically with the help of a beam propagation model.

scholarly journals Characterization of proprioceptive system dynamics in behaving Drosophila larvae using high-speed volumetric microscopy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Vaadia ◽  
Wenze Li ◽  
Venkatakaushik Voleti ◽  
Aditi Singhania ◽  
Elizabeth M.C. Hillman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Natural Movement ◽  
Rigid Joints

SummaryProprioceptors provide feedback about body position that is essential for coordinated movement. Proprioceptive sensing of the position of rigid joints has been described in detail in several systems, however it is not known how animals with an elastic skeleton encode their body positions. Understanding how diverse larval body positions are dynamically encoded requires knowledge of proprioceptor activity patterns in vivo during natural movement. Here we applied high-speed volumetric SCAPE microscopy to simultaneously track the position, physical deformation, and temporal patterns of intracellular calcium activity of multidendritic proprioceptors in crawling Drosophila larvae. During the periodic segment contraction and relaxation that occurs during crawling, proprioceptors with diverse morphologies showed sequential onset of activity throughout each periodic episode. A majority of these proprioceptors showed activity during segment contraction with one neuron type activated by segment extension. Different timing of activity of contraction-sensing proprioceptors was related to distinct dendrite terminal targeting, providing a continuum of position encoding during all phases of crawling. These dynamics could endow different proprioceptors with specific roles in monitoring the progression of contraction waves, as well as body shape during other behaviors. We provide activity measurements during exploration as one example. Our results provide powerful new insights into the body-wide neuronal dynamics of the proprioceptive system in crawling Drosophila, and demonstrate the utility of our approach for characterization of neural encoding throughout the nervous system of a freely behaving animal.

scholarly journals Design, Preparation, and Characterization of Dioscin Nanosuspensions and Evaluation of Their Protective Effect against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Ye JU ◽  
Kun-Xia Hu ◽  
Guo-Wang Zhao ◽  
Zhi-Shu Tang ◽  
Xiao Song
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Soybean Lecithin ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
The Body

The purpose of this study was to prepare a dioscin nanosuspension (Dio-NS) that has a better distance and high solubility for oral administration and to evaluate its hepatoprotective effects. Optimal primary manufacture parameters, including shear time, shear speed, emulation temperature, pressure, and cycles of homogenization, were determined by single-factor experiments. The concentrations of dioscin, SDS, and soybean lecithin were optimized using the central composite design-response surface method, and their effects on the mean particle size (MPS) and particle size distribution of Dio-NS were investigated. Characterization of the Dio-NS formulations included examinations of the surface morphology and physical status of dioscin in Dio-NS, the stability of Dio-NS at different temperatures, in vitro solubility, and liver protective effect in vivo. Under optimal conditions, Dio-NS had an MPS of 106.72 nm, polydispersity index of 0.221, and zeta potential of −34.27 mV. Furthermore, the proportion of dioscin in Dio-NS was approximately 21.26%. The observation of particles with a spherical shape and the disappearance of crystalline peaks indicated that the physical and chemical properties of Dio-NS were altered. Furthermore, we observed that the dissolution of Dio-NS was superior to that of a physical mixture and Dio-GZF. Moreover, Dio-NS was demonstrated to have a protective effect against CCl4-induced acute liver damage in mice that was equivalent to that of silymarin (a positive control drug) at the same dose. The good hepatoprotective effect of our Dio-NS preparation can provide a theoretical basis for investigating its absorption mechanisms in the body.

scholarly journals Cytoplasmic streaming in Drosophila oocytes varies with kinesin activity and correlates with the microtubule cytoskeleton architecture

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (38) ◽  
pp. 15109-15114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujoy Ganguly ◽  
Lucy S. Williams ◽  
Isabel M. Palacios ◽  
Raymond E. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
The Body ◽  
Meiotic Spindle ◽  
Microtubule Cytoskeleton ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Mammalian Embryos ◽  
Combined Action

Cells can localize molecules asymmetrically through the combined action of cytoplasmic streaming, which circulates their fluid contents, and specific anchoring mechanisms. Streaming also contributes to the distribution of nutrients and organelles such as chloroplasts in plants, the asymmetric position of the meiotic spindle in mammalian embryos, and the developmental potential of the zygote, yet little is known quantitatively about the relationship between streaming and the motor activity which drives it. Here we use Particle Image Velocimetry to quantify the statistical properties of Kinesin-dependent streaming during mid-oogenesis in Drosophila. We find that streaming can be used to detect subtle changes in Kinesin activity and that the flows reflect the architecture of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Furthermore, based on characterization of the rheology of the cytoplasm in vivo, we establish estimates of the number of Kinesins required to drive the observed streaming. Using this in vivo data as the basis of a model for transport, we suggest that the disordered character of transport at mid-oogenesis, as revealed by streaming, is an important component of the localization dynamics of the body plan determinant oskar mRNA.

Aspects of in vivo growth of the plerocercoid stage of Schistocephalus solidus

Parasitology ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Meakins ◽  
M. Walkey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Parasite Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Schistocephalus Solidus ◽  
Surgical Implantation ◽  
In Vivo Growth

1. The in vivo growth of Schistocephalus solidus plerocercoids was investigated by surgical implantation of worms into the body cavity of uninfected, recipient sticklebacks. 2. Burdens of one, two and five worms were used. 3. Results show a reduction in parasite growth with both increasing size and increasing numbers of parasites. 4. Reasons for the decrease in growth rate of multiple burdens are discussed and reference is made to the significance of burden size in completion of the life-cycle under natural conditions.

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