scholarly journals Mendelian Randomisation Study of Smoking, Alcohol, and Coffee Drinking in Relation to Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Cloé Domenighetti ◽  
Pierre-Emmanuel Sugier ◽  
Ashwin Ashok Kumar Sreelatha ◽  
Claudia Schulte ◽  
Sandeep Grover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Reverse Causation ◽  
Genetic Liability ◽  
Coffee Drinking ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

Background: Previous studies showed that lifestyle behaviors (cigarette smoking, alcohol, coffee) are inversely associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The prodromal phase of PD raises the possibility that these associations may be explained by reverse causation. Objective: To examine associations of lifestyle behaviors with PD using two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) and the potential for survival and incidence-prevalence biases. Methods: We used summary statistics from publicly available studies to estimate the association of genetic polymorphisms with lifestyle behaviors, and from Courage-PD (7,369 cases, 7,018 controls; European ancestry) to estimate the association of these variants with PD. We used the inverse-variance weighted method to compute odds ratios (ORIVW) of PD and 95%confidence intervals (CI). Significance was determined using a Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold (p = 0.017). Results: We found a significant inverse association between smoking initiation and PD (ORIVW per 1-SD increase in the prevalence of ever smoking = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.60–0.93, p = 0.009) without significant directional pleiotropy. Associations in participants ≤67 years old and cases with disease duration ≤7 years were of a similar size. No significant associations were observed for alcohol and coffee drinking. In reverse MR, genetic liability toward PD was not associated with smoking or coffee drinking but was positively associated with alcohol drinking. Conclusion: Our findings are in favor of an inverse association between smoking and PD that is not explained by reverse causation, confounding, and survival or incidence-prevalence biases. Genetic liability toward PD was positively associated with alcohol drinking. Conclusions on the association of alcohol and coffee drinking with PD are hampered by insufficient statistical power.

scholarly journals A systematic review of nutritional risk factors of Parkinson's disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianna Ishihara ◽  
Carol Brayne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Coffee Drinking ◽  
Meta Analyses

A wide variety of nutritional exposures have been proposed as possible risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD) with plausible biological hypotheses. Many studies have explored these hypotheses, but as yet no comprehensive systematic review of the literature has been available. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and WEB OF SCIENCE databases were searched for existing systematic reviews or meta-analyses of nutrition and PD, and one meta-analysis of coffee drinking and one meta-analysis of antioxidants were identified. The databases were searched for primary research articles, and articles without robust methodology were excluded by specified criteria. Seven cohort studies and thirty-three case–control (CC) studies are included in the present systematic review. The majority of studies did not find significant associations between nutritional factors and PD. Coffee drinking and alcohol intake were the only exposures with a relatively large number of studies, and meta-analyses of each supported inverse associations with PD. Factors that were reported by at least one CC study to have significantly increased consumption among cases compared with controls were: vegetables, lutein, xanthophylls, xanthins, carbohydrates, monosaccharides, junk food, refined sugar, lactose, animal fat, total fat, nuts and seeds, tea, Fe, and total energy. Factors consumed significantly less often among cases were: fish, egg, potatoes, bread, alcohol, coffee, tea, niacin, pantothenic acid, folate and pyridoxine. In three cohort studies, two reported borderline decreased relative risks and one a significant increased risk with vitamin C intake. One cohort reported an inverse association between caffeine intake and PD. Three cohorts reported significant positive association in men between dairy products and PD.

scholarly journals Causal Association between Periodontitis and Parkinson’s Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 772
Author(s):  
João Botelho ◽  
Vanessa Machado ◽  
José João Mendes ◽  
Paulo Mascarenhas
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Liability ◽  
Bidirectional Association

The latest evidence revealed a possible association between periodontitis and Parkinson’s disease (PD). We explored the causal relationship of this bidirectional association through two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) in European ancestry populations. To this end, we used openly accessible data of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on periodontitis and PD. As instrumental variables for periodontitis, seventeen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a GWAS of periodontitis (1817 periodontitis cases vs. 2215 controls) and eight non-overlapping SNPs of periodontitis from an additional GWAS for validation purposes. Instrumental variables to explore for the reverse causation included forty-five SNPs from a GWAS of PD (20,184 cases and 397,324 controls). Multiple approaches of MR were carried-out. There was no evidence of genetic liability of periodontitis being associated with a higher risk of PD (B = −0.0003, Standard Error [SE] 0.0003, p = 0.26). The eight independent SNPs (B = −0.0000, SE 0.0001, p = 0.99) validated this outcome. We also found no association of genetically primed PD towards periodontitis (B = −0.0001, SE 0.0001, p = 0.19). These MR study findings do not support a bidirectional causal genetic liability between periodontitis and PD. Further GWAS studies are needed to confirm the consistency of these results.

Blood Cholesterol Decreases as Parkinson’s Disease Develops and Progresses

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Keran Wang ◽  
Zhehui Luo ◽  
Chenxi Li ◽  
Xuemei Huang ◽  
Eric J. Shiroma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Prodromal Stage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Total Cholesterol

Background: Literature shows an inverse association of circulating cholesterol level with the risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD); this finding has important ramifications, but its interpretation has been debated. Objective: To longitudinally examine how blood total cholesterol changes during the development of PD. Methods: In the Health, Aging and Body Composition study (n = 3,075, 73.6±2.9 years), blood total cholesterol was measured at clinic visit years 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 11. We first examined baseline cholesterol in relation to PD risk, adjusting for potential confounders and competing risk of death. Then, by contrasting the observed with expected cholesterol levels, we examined the trajectory of changes in total cholesterol before and after disease diagnosis. Results: Compared to the lowest tertile of baseline total cholesterol, the cumulative incident ratio of PD and 95%confidence interval was 0.41 (0.20, 0.86) for the second tertile, and 0.69 (0.35, 1.35) for the third tertile. In the analysis that examined change of total cholesterol level before and after PD diagnosis, we found that its level began to decrease in the prodromal stage of PD and became statistically lower than the expected values∼4 years before disease diagnosis (observed-expected difference, –6.68 mg/dL (95%confidence interval: –13.14, –0.22)). The decreasing trend persisted thereafter; by year-6 post-diagnosis, the difference increased to –13.59 mg/dL (95%confidence interval: –22.12, –5.06), although the linear trend did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.10). Conclusion: Circulating total cholesterol began to decrease in the prodromal stage of PD, which may in part explain its reported inverse association with PD.

scholarly journals A cohort study on diet and the risk of Parkinson's disease: the role of food groups and diet quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sääksjärvi ◽  
P. Knekt ◽  
A. Lundqvist ◽  
S. Männistö ◽  
M. Heliövaara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Incident Cases

Previous studies on individual foods and nutrients and Parkinson's disease (PD) risk have been inconsistent. Furthermore, only one study has examined the association between the quality of diet and PD. We investigated the prediction of food groups and diet quality on PD in the Finnish Mobile Clinic Survey (1966–72). The population comprised 4524 individuals, aged 40–79 years and free from PD at baseline. Data collection included health examinations, a questionnaire and a 1-year dietary history interview. A modified Alternate Healthy Eating Index was formed to assess diet quality. Statistical analyses were based on Cox's model. During a 41-year follow-up, eighty-five incident cases of PD occurred. No statistically significant associations were found between PD incidence and most of the food groups examined. A few exceptions were fruits and berries in men and milk in women, which showed positive associations. An inverse association between the intake of meat products and PD was found in women. The diet quality index did not predict PD, the adjusted relative risk between the highest and lowest quartiles being 1·83 (95 % CI 0·65, 5·18) in men and 0·97 (95 % CI 0·38, 2·48) in women. The present study suggests that since most of the single food groups or the quality of diet did not predict PD occurrence, the role of diet is apparently rather modest.

Physical activity and Parkinson’s disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomisation study

2020 ◽  
pp. jnnp-2020-324515
Author(s):  
Sebastian Baumeister ◽  
Christa Meisinger ◽  
Michael Leitzmann ◽  
Alexander Teumer ◽  
Martin Bahls ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation

scholarly journals Associations Between Lifestyle Factors And Parkinson’s Disease In An Urban Sri Lankan Clinic Study

10.3823/2516 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruwani Wijeyekoon ◽  
Vindika Suriyakumara ◽  
Ranjanie Gamage ◽  
Tharushi Fernando ◽  
Amila Jayasuriya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Lifestyle Factor ◽  
Coffee Drinking ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Tea Drinking

Background- Information on lifestyle factors (eg. coffee /tea drinking, smoking) and Parkinson’s Disease(PD) in South Asia is limited. The objective of this study was to determine associations between lifestyle factors and PD in a clinic-based study in Sri Lanka. Methods–Demographic and lifestyle factor data was collected from an unselected cohort of PD patients and age and gender-matched controls attending clinics in Greater Colombo, Sri Lanka. Findings–Of 229 patients with parkinsonism, 144 had Idiopathic PD. Controls numbered 102. Coffee drinkers and smokers were significantly less likely to have PD (coffee, p<0.001; OR=0.264; smoking, p=0.043; OR=0.394). Coffee drinkers were older at PD onset(p<0.001). Similar trends seen with tea drinking were not statistically significant. Conclusions -This is the first formal study of PD and these lifestyle factors in South Asia. It demonstrates an association between coffee drinking, smoking and a decreased prevalence of PD, and coffee drinking and later age of PD onset.  This is in line with other studies done worldwide, suggesting biological associations with global relevance.

The burden of Parkinson's disease in Germany: Incidence, prevalence and health care utilisation

Basal Ganglia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gundula Petersen ◽  
Daniela P. Chase ◽  
Niklas Schmedt ◽  
Lennart Hickstein ◽  
Volker E. Amelung
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Health Care Utilisation ◽  
Care Utilisation ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

scholarly journals Global Trends in the Incidence, Prevalence, and Years Lived With Disability of Parkinson's Disease in 204 Countries/Territories From 1990 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zejin Ou ◽  
Jing Pan ◽  
Shihao Tang ◽  
Danping Duan ◽  
Danfeng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Years Lived With Disability ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is an increasing challenge to public health. Tracking the temporal trends of PD burden would inform health strategies.Methods: Data of PD burden was obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019. Trends in the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) of PD were estimated using the annual percentage change (EAPC) and age-standardized rate (ASR) from 1990 to 2019. The EAPCs were calculated with ASR through a linear regression model.Results: The overall ASR of the incidence, prevalence, and YLDs of PD increased from 1990 to 2019, and their EAPCs were 0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–0.65), 0.52 (95% CI: 0.43–0.61), and 0.53 (95% CI: 0.44–0.62). The largest number of PD patients was seen in the groups aged more than 65 years, and the percentage rapidly increased in the population aged more than 80 years. Upward trends in the ASR of PD were observed in most settings over the past 30 years. Incident trends of ASR increased pronouncedly in the United States of America and Norway, in which the respective EAPCs were 2.87 (95% CI: 2.35–3.38) and 2.14 (95% CI: 2.00–2.29). Additionally, the largest increasing trends for prevalence and YLDs were seen in Norway, with the respective EAPCs of 2.63 (95% CI: 2.43–2.83) and 2.61 (95% CI: 2.41–2.80). However, decreasing trends in PD appeared in about 30 countries, particularly Italy and the Republic of Moldova.Conclusions: Increasing trends in the burden of PD were observed globally, and in most regions and countries from 1990 to 2019. Our findings suggested that the control and management of PD should be strengthened, especially when considering the aging tendency of the population.

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