scholarly journals Qualitative and quantitative assessment of magnetic vestibular stimulation in humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-361
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Dewey ◽  
Rachel Gomez ◽  
Chris Degg ◽  
David M. Baguley ◽  
Paul M. Glover
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The sensation of phantom motion or exhibition of bodily sway is often reported in the proximity of an MR scanner. It is proposed that the magnetic field stimulates the vestibular system. There are a number of possible mechanisms responsible, and the relative contributions of susceptibility on the otolithic receptors and the Lorentz force on the cupulae have not yet been explored. This exploratory study aims to investigate the impact of being in the proximity of a 7.0 T MR scanner. The modified clinical test of sensory interaction on balance (mCTSIB) was used to qualitatively ascertain whether or not healthy control subjects who passed the mCTSIB in normal conditions 1) experienced subjective sensations of dizziness, vertigo or of leaning or shifting in gravity when in the magnetic field and 2) exhibited visibly increased bodily sway whilst in the magnetic field compared to outside the magnetic field. Condition IV of the mCTSIB was video recorded outside and inside the magnetic field, providing a semi-quantitative measure of sway. For condition IV of the mCTSIB (visual and proprioceptive cues compromised), all seven locations/orientations around the scanner yielded significantly more sway than at baseline (p < 0.01 FDR). A Student’s t-test comparing the RMS velocity of a motion marker on the upper arm during mCTSIB condition IV showed a significant increase in the amount of motion exhibited in the field (T = 2.59; d.f. = 9; p = 0.029) compared to outside the field. This initial study using qualitative measures of sway demonstrates that there is evidence for MR-naïve individuals exhibiting greater sway while performing the mCTSIB in the magnetic field compared to outside the field. Directional polarity of sway was not significant. Future studies of vestibular stimulation by magnetic fields would benefit from the development of a sensitive, objective measure of balance function, which can be performed inside a magnetic field.

MAGNETIC FIELD IMPACT UPON TRIBOTECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PERMANENT CONNECTIONS IN RELATION TO FRICTION SHOCK ABSORBERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Victor Tikhomirov ◽  
Aleksandr Gorlenko ◽  
Stanislav Volohov ◽  
Mikhail Izmerov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Friction Factor ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Press Fit ◽  
Electro Magnetic Field ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The work purpose is the investigation of magnetic field impact upon properties of friction steel surfaces at fit stripping with tightness through manifested effects and their wear visually observed. On the spots of a real contact the magnetic field increases active centers, their amount and saturation with the time of dislocation outlet, and has an influence upon tribo-mating. The external electro-magnetic field promotes the increase of the number of active centers at the expense of dislocations outlet on the contact surface, and the increase of a physical contact area results in friction tie strengthening and growth of a friction factor. By the example of friction pairs of a spentonly unit in the suspension of coach cars there is given a substantiation of actuality and possibility for the creation of technical devices with the controlled factor of friction and the stability of effects achieved is also confirmed experimentally. Investigation methods: the fulfillment of laboratory physical experiments on the laboratory plant developed and patented on bush-rod samples inserted with the fit and tightness. The results of investigations and novelty: the impact of the magnetic field upon the value of a stripping force of a press fit with the guaranteed tightness is defined. Conclusion: there is a possibility to control a friction factor through the magnetic field impact upon a friction contact.

Uticaj armirano betonskog stuba na raspodelu magnetskog polja mešovitog voda

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Teodora Gavrilov ◽  
◽  
Karolina Kasaš-Lažetić ◽  
Kristian Haška ◽  
Miroslav Prša
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
Magnetic Field Distribution ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Reinforcing Bars ◽  
Magnitude Distribution ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Mixed Power ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Magnetic Field

In this paper, the analysis of magnetic field distribution of overhead mixed power line (20 kV/0.4 kV) supported by reinforced concrete towers, named MNL-12 is presented. The impact of ferromagnetic, conductive parts of the pylons (reinforcing bars, billets and cross arm beams) on magnetic field distribution is investigated. The numerical calculations were performed in COMSOL Multiphysics program package on simplified 2D model. The main goal of the calculations was to examine the impact of currents induced in ferromagnetic conductive parts on magnetic field produced by currents in the power system’s conductors. The calculation results are presented graphically, as the diagrams of the magnetic flux density magnitude distribution in the tower plan, normal to the system’s axe. The calculation results demonstrated that the magnetic field of induced currents decreases the magnetic field produced by the currents of overhead power system.

Abstract 14497: Mri Effects on Pacemaker/ICD Within the Magnetic Field; An Intra-observer Variability Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W Biederman ◽  
Loretta Gevenosky ◽  
Geetha Rayarao ◽  
RONALD WILLIAMS ◽  
Richard Lombardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
High Field ◽  
Meaningful Use ◽  
Observer Variability ◽  
Intrinsic Variability ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Clinical Routine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Variability Study ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Introduction: The evolution of pacemaker/ICD safety in the magnetic field has triggered considerable interest in more clinical routine use. However, many limitations to widespread adoption of this seemingly implausible idea just a few years ago remain: unresolved impact of the high magnetic field, RF amplitude and oscillatory forces on electronics with possible high field damage to capacitor, solenoid and microcircuitry. However, given recent vender refinements over the last 10 years, we hypothesized that the impact on such circuitry may be far less than expected. Method: Consecutive interrogation of 940 pts who underwent clinically indicated MRI were evaluated over 5 years. This cohort was comprised of neuro/neurosurgical (72%), orthopedic (11%) and cardiac (17%) cases. Routine interrogation was performed within 10 min of entry into the bore of a dedicated Cardiac MRI (GE, 1.5T, WI). As well, reinterrogation was performed within 10 min of departure MRI (average 21±12min). At the time of interrogation pre and post MRI, a separate, repeat interrogation was performed within 5 min of each other such that 2 sets of PM/ICD parameters were obtained pre and post MRI. Result: No complications to either pt or device occurred during the MRI comprising 564 PMs and 376 ICDs. A cardiologist was present guiding the interrogation, configuration, and reconfiguration of the PM/ICD as well was present for entire MRI. There were no significant differences in common clinical parameters. More importantly, there was no difference in any parameter when compared in any order pre to post MRI scan. See Table. Conclusion: Intrinsic variability and inherent changes triggered by MRI environments are clinically insignificant and statistically negligible thereby removing yet another of the last remaining fears and apprehensions for primary PM/ICD failure and destruction as we move towards a more uniform acceptance of this technology for clinically meaningful use, dissemination and acceptance.

scholarly journals The Impact of Sinusoidal Surface Temperature on the Natural Convective Flow of a Ferrofluid along a Vertical Plate

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essam R. EL-Zahar ◽  
Ahmed M. Rashad ◽  
Laila F. Seddek
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Nusselt Number ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Differential Quadrature Method ◽  
Grid Points ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sinusoidal Surface ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The spotlight of this investigation is primarily the effectiveness of the magnetic field on the natural convective for a Fe3O4 ferrofluid flow over a vertical radiate plate using streamwise sinusoidal variation in surface temperature. The energy equation is reduplicated by interpolating the non-linear radiation effectiveness. The original equations describing the ferrofluid motion and energy are converted into non-dimensional equations and solved numerically using a new hybrid linearization-differential quadrature method (HLDQM). HLDQM is a high order semi-analytical numerical method that results in analytical solutions in η -direction, and so the solutions are valid overall in the η domain, not only at grid points. The dimensionless velocity and temperature curves are elaborated. Furthermore, the engineering curiosity of the drag coefficient and local Nusselt number are debated and sketched in view of various emerging parameters. The analyzed numerical results display that applying the magnetic field to the ferroliquid generates a dragging force that diminishes the ferrofluid velocity, whereas it is found to boost the temperature curves. Furthermore, the drag coefficient sufficiently minifies, while an evolution in the heat transfer rate occurs as nanoparticle volume fraction builds. Additionally, the augmentation in temperature ratio parameter signifies a considerable growth in the drag coefficient and Nusselt number. The current theoretical investigation may be beneficial in manufacturing processes, development of transport of energy, and heat resources.

scholarly journals Precision Analysis and Design of Rotating Coil Magnetic Measurements System

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8454
Author(s):  
Soontorn Odngam ◽  
Chaiyut Preecha ◽  
Prapaiwan Sanwong ◽  
Woramet Thongtan ◽  
Jiraphon Srisertpol
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Control System ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Dipole Magnet ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Speed Control System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Magnetic Field

This research presents the design and construction of measuring instruments for a dipole magnetic field using a rotating coil technique. This technique is a closed-loop speed-control system where a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller works together with the intensity measurement of the magnetic field through the rotating coil. It was used to analyze the impact on the accuracy of the electromagnetic at speed ranges of 60, 90, and 120 rpm. The error estimation in the measurement of the normal dipole and skew dipole magnet caused by the steady-state error of the speed control system and the rotational search coil in whirling motion are demonstrated. Rotating unbalance, shaft coupling, and misalignment from its setup disturbed the performance of the speed control system as a nonlinear system.

scholarly journals Magnetic clouds' structure in the magnetosheath as observed by Cluster and Geotail: four case studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1247-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Turc ◽  
D. Fontaine ◽  
P. Savoini ◽  
E. K. J. Kilpua
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Bow Shock ◽  
Field Direction ◽  
Magnetic Clouds ◽  
Magnetic Field Direction ◽  
Field Orientation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract. Magnetic clouds (MCs) are large-scale magnetic flux ropes ejected from the Sun into the interplanetary space. They play a central role in solar–terrestrial relations as they can efficiently drive magnetic activity in the near-Earth environment. Their impact on the Earth's magnetosphere is often attributed to the presence of southward magnetic fields inside the MC, as observed in the upstream solar wind. However, when they arrive in the vicinity of the Earth, MCs first encounter the bow shock, which is expected to modify their properties, including their magnetic field strength and direction. If these changes are significant, they can in turn affect the interaction of the MC with the magnetosphere. In this paper, we use data from the Cluster and Geotail spacecraft inside the magnetosheath and from the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) upstream of the Earth's environment to investigate the impact of the bow shock's crossing on the magnetic structure of MCs. Through four example MCs, we show that the evolution of the MC's structure from the solar wind to the magnetosheath differs largely from one event to another. The smooth rotation of the MC can either be preserved inside the magnetosheath, be modified, i.e. the magnetic field still rotates slowly but at different angles, or even disappear. The alteration of the magnetic field orientation across the bow shock can vary with time during the MC's passage and with the location inside the magnetosheath. We examine the conditions encountered at the bow shock from direct observations, when Cluster or Geotail cross it, or indirectly by applying a magnetosheath model. We obtain a good agreement between the observed and modelled magnetic field direction and shock configuration, which varies from quasi-perpendicular to quasi-parallel in our study. We find that the variations in the angle between the magnetic fields in the solar wind and in the magnetosheath are anti-correlated with the variations in the shock obliquity. When the shock is in a quasi-parallel regime, the magnetic field direction varies significantly from the solar wind to the magnetosheath. In such cases, the magnetic field reaching the magnetopause cannot be approximated by the upstream magnetic field. Therefore, it is important to take into account the conditions at the bow shock when estimating the impact of an MC with the Earth's environment because these conditions are crucial in determining the magnetosheath magnetic field, which then interacts with the magnetosphere.

scholarly journals Nonlinear translational symmetric equilibria relevant to the L–H transition

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ap. KUIROUKIDIS ◽  
G. N. THROUMOULOPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Ordinary Differential Equations ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Sheared Flow ◽  
Equilibrium Configurations ◽  
Shafranov Equation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Magnetic Field

AbstractNonlinear z-independent solutions to a generalized Grad–Shafranov equation (GSE) with up to quartic flux terms in the free functions and incompressible plasma flow non-parallel to the magnetic field are constructed quasi-analytically. Through an ansatz, the GSE is transformed to a set of three ordinary differential equations and a constraint for three functions of the coordinate x, in Cartesian coordinates (x,y), which then are solved numerically. Equilibrium configurations for certain values of the integration constants are displayed. Examination of their characteristics in connection with the impact of nonlinearity and sheared flow indicates that these equilibria are consistent with the L–H transition phenomenology. For flows parallel to the magnetic field, one equilibrium corresponding to the H state is potentially stable in the sense that a sufficient condition for linear stability is satisfied in an appreciable part of the plasma while another solution corresponding to the L state does not satisfy the condition. The results indicate that the sheared flow in conjunction with the equilibrium nonlinearity plays a stabilizing role.

scholarly journals The Influence of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on the Dynamic Properties of Nematic Liquid Crystals in Magnetic Field

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cirtoaje ◽  
Petrescu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Continuum Theory ◽  
Elastic Continuum ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Good Agreement

This article aims to study the impact of carbon nanotube dispersions in liquid crystals. A theoretical model for the system’s dynamics is presented, considering the elastic continuum theory and a planar alignment of liquid crystal molecules on the nanotube’s surface. Experimental calculation of the relaxation times in the magnetic field was made for two cases: when the field was switched on (τon), and when it was switched off (τoff). The results indicate an increase of the relaxation time by about 25% when the magnetic field was switched off, and a smaller increase (about 10%) when the field was switched on, where both were in good agreement with the theoretical values.

Experimental Investigation into the Effect of a Magnetic Field on Magnetorheological Fluids under an Impact Load

2012 ◽  
Vol 721 ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Ahmad Isnikurniawan ◽  
Yoshitaka Moroka ◽  
Hiromichi Ohba ◽  
Tatsuo Sawada
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Magnetorheological Fluids ◽  
Mr Fluids ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The apparent viscosity of magnetorheological (MR) fluids changes in the presence of a magnetic field. The stronger the magnetic field applied, the more the apparent viscosity increases. An increase in the apparent viscosity increases the restriction on the flow of MR fluids. In this study, we perform a qualitative analysis to investigate the effect of a magnetic field on MR fluids under an impact load. An experimental apparatus that consists of a drop-test tower was developed to simulate the impact load, and an MR fluid in a U-pipe was subjected to the impact load via a piston rod. In the experiment, we measured the displacement and velocity of the piston rod. On the basis of the results, the influence of a given magnetic field on the behavior of MR fluids under an impact load is discussed.

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