Using mastoid vibration can detect the uni/bilateral vestibular deterioration by aging during standing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yufeng Lin ◽  
Mukul Mukherjee ◽  
Nicholas Stergiou ◽  
Jung Hung Chien
Keyword(s):  
Balance Control ◽  
Short Axis ◽  
Confidence Ellipse ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Posterior Direction ◽  
Control Patterns ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Ellipse Area ◽  
Anterior Posterior

BACKGROUND: The mastoid vibration (MV) has been used to investigate unilateral vestibular dysfunction by inducing nystagmus. Additionally, this MV can be used to quantify the effect of deterioration by aging on the vestibular system during walking. Could such MV be used to assess the uni/bilateral vestibular deterioration by aging during standing? OBJECTIVE: This study attempted to determine the feasibility of using MV for identifying the uni/bilateral vestibular deterioration by aging during standing. METHODS: Fifteen young and ten old adults’ balance control patterns were assessed by three random MV conditions: 1) No MV; 2) Unilateral MV; 3) Bilateral MV. The dependent variables were the 95% confidence ellipse areas and the sample entropy values, which were calculated based on the center of gravity displacement within each condition. RESULTS: Significant main effects of MV and aging were found on all outcome variables. A significant interaction between aging and different MV types was observed in the 95% confidence ellipse area (p = 0.002) and the length of the short axis (anterior-posterior direction, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the MV could be used to identify different vestibular dysfunctions, specifically in old adults.

Tonotopy of the Auditory-Evoked Field Component N100m in Patients with Schizophrenia

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rosburg ◽  
I. Kreitschmann-Andermahr ◽  
T. Ugur ◽  
H. Nestmann ◽  
H. Nowak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Dipole Orientation ◽  
Global Field Power ◽  
Functional Reorganization ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Posterior Direction ◽  
The Right ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Abstract A number of clinical studies on the auditory neuromagnetic evoked field (AEF) component N100m have reported an altered lateralization in schizophrenic patients. This study addresses the problem of a possible functional reorganization of the temporal cortex in schizophrenia by examining the tonotopic organization of the N100m. Thirty-two patients with schizophrenia and 33 healthy controls of both sexes took part. Two tone frequencies (1000 and 5000 Hz tone) were applied for auditory stimuli, and AEF were recorded over both hemispheres successively using a 31-channel biomagnetometer. The comparison of N100m dipole location and orientation between hemispheres revealed no alterations in male or female patients. Between tone frequencies highly significant differences were found for N100m peak latency, mean global field power, dipole orientation, and dipole location in the anterior-posterior direction. Although the main effects of frequency were found to be the same in patients and controls, the balance between hemispheres was altered in patients with schizophrenia, with respect to the dependence between frequency and dipole location in the anterior-posterior direction as well as between frequency and latency. In patients, the influence of frequency on these variables was more pronounced in the right hemisphere and less pronounced in the left, compared to controls.

Postural control in children: Effect of discrete manipulation of visual information

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana R. Toledo ◽  
Natália M. Rinaldi ◽  
José A. Barela
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Trunk Sway ◽  
Posterior Direction ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Postural control developmental changes are observed throughout the first decade of life. Despite all the efforts to uncover the mechanisms and processes underlying these changes, it is not clear yet when children integrate sensory information related to postural control similarly to adults. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of visual manipulation on body oscillation in children. Ten eight-year old, ten twelve-year old children and eight adults were asked to maintain the upright stance inside a moving room that oscillated discretely back or forward. Participant trunk sway and moving room displacement, in the anterior-posterior, direction were obtained through IRED markers. Dependent variables were mean sway amplitude and body displacement due to the movement of the moving room. Results revealed that young children oscillated more than older children and adults. Similar results were observed as a consequence of visual manipulation; with young children being more affected and displaying larger body sway than older children and adults. These findings suggest that postural control is not fully developed even at age of eight years and that children at this age still may have difficulties in solving sensory conflicting situations.  

scholarly journals Age differences in adaptation of medial-lateral gait parameters during split-belt treadmill walking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Fettrow ◽  
Kathleen Hupfeld ◽  
Hendrik Reimann ◽  
Julia Choi ◽  
Chris Hass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Primary Finding ◽  
Posterior Direction ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Abstract The split-belt treadmill (SBT) has been used to examine the adaptation of spatial and temporal gait parameters. Historically, SBT studies have focused on anterior-posterior (AP) spatiotemporal gait parameters because SBT is primarily a perturbation in the anterior-posterior direction, but it is important to understand whether and how ML control adapts in this scenario. The medial-lateral (ML) control of balance must be actively controlled and adapted in different walking environments. Furthermore, we seek to determine whether ML balance adaptation differs in older age. We analyzed SBT-induced changes in gait parameters including variables which inform us about ML balance control in younger and older adults. Our primary finding is that younger adults showed sustained asymmetric changes in these ML balance parameters during the split condition of the SBT. Specifically, younger adults sustained a greater displacement between their fast stance foot and their upper body, relative to the slow stance foot, in the ML direction. This finding suggests that younger adults may be exploiting passive dynamics in the ML direction during the SBT, which may be more metabolically efficient. Additionally, the ML parameters did not show any aftereffects despite large adjustments during the split condition, which may indicate higher level neural control than AP parameters.

Effects of assistive devices on postural control following a balance disturbance along the anterior-posterior direction

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
Yunju Lee ◽  
Rachel Badr ◽  
Brianna Bove ◽  
Patrick Jewett ◽  
Meri Goehring
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Assistive Devices ◽  
Posterior Direction ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Assessment of postural stability using the Zebris Platform in women above the age of 60

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (92) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Janusz Jaworski ◽  
Ewelina Kołodziej
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Centre Of Foot Pressure ◽  
Ellipse Area

Introduction. Balance control and body posture stability disorders progressing with age are caused by the involutionary changes in the function of the motor and nervous systems. However, it is indicated that regular physical activity, also in older adulthood, may have a positive effect on maintaining the functions of individual systems at an optimal level. Study aim: The aim of the study was to assess the postural stability of women above the age of 60 who declare active lifestyles. Material and Methods. The research involved 24 women, who were arbitrarily divided into 3 groups according to their calendar age. The younger group consisted of 14 women below the age of 70 years ( x _ = 65.08; SD = 2.82), whereas the older group comprised 10 older adults, above the age of 70 ( x _ = 73.62; SD = 2.74). The scope of the study included evaluation of selected postural stability parameters: 95% of the ellipse area covered by the moving COP, statokinesiogram path length, mean speed regarding displacement of the centre of foot pressure, total left and total right foot pressure. The examinations were performed in June 2018 using the Zerbis FDM-S dynamographic platform. The research material collected in this way was subjected to statistical analysis. Basic descriptive statistics were calculated and normality of the distribution of variables was verified using the Shapiro- Wilk test. The Student’s t-test for independent variables or Mann-Whitney’s U-test (depending on the distribution) were used to determine the significance of differences concerning the analysed parameters of postural stability between the groups studied. Furthermore, for 95% of the ellipse area covered by the moving COP, statokinesiogram path and mean speed of the displacement of the centre of foot pressure and standardised profiles were calculated for both chronological age groups. Standardisation of the results was performed using means and standard deviations of the entire material (T scale). Results. The results of the study indicate a higher level of postural stability among women from the younger group. However, comparative analysis did not reveal any statistically significant intergroup differences. Mean point scores on the T scale in the group of younger women for the 3 variables ranged from 50.98 to 51.60 points, whereas for older women, this was from 48.90 to 48.98 points. The differences between characteristics in the group of younger women totalled ca. 0.62 points, while in the older group, this value was 0.08 points. Conclusions. comparative analysis allowed to show that postural stability indices in women above 70 decreased compared to the results obtained for the younger group. Regular physical activity may be one of the significant factors in the prevention of postural stability regression.

Nine, Seven, Five, or Three: How Many Figures Do We Need for Assessing Body Image?

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neala Ambrosi-Randić ◽  
Alessandra Pokrajac-Bulian ◽  
Vladimir Takšić
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects

320 Croatian female students ( M = 20.4 yr.) were recruited to examine the validity and reliability of figural scales using different numbers of stimuli (3, 5, 7, and 9) and different serial presentation (serial and nonserial order). A two-way analysis of variance (4 numbers × 2 orders of stimuli) was performed on ratings of current self-size and ideal size as dependent variables. Analysis indicated a significant main effect of number of stimuli. This, together with post hoc tests indicated that ratings were significantly different for a scale of three figures from scales of more figures, which in turn did not differ among themselves. Main effects of order of stimuli, as well as the interaction, were not significant. The results support the hypothesis that the optimal number of figures on a scale is seven plus (or minus) two.

scholarly journals Derivation of a finite-element model of lingual deformation during swallowing from the mechanics of mesoscale myofiber tracts obtained by MRI

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 1500-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srboljub M. Mijailovich ◽  
Boban Stojanovic ◽  
Milos Kojic ◽  
Alvin Liang ◽  
Van J. Wedeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Posterior Direction ◽  
Elastic Constraints ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Passive Muscle ◽  
Anterior Posterior

To demonstrate the relationship between lingual myoarchitecture and mechanics during swallowing, we performed a finite-element (FE) simulation of lingual deformation employing mesh aligned with the vector coordinates of myofiber tracts obtained by diffusion tensor imaging with tractography in humans. Material properties of individual elements were depicted in terms of Hill's three-component phenomenological model, assuming that the FE mesh was composed of anisotropic muscle and isotropic connective tissue. Moreover, the mechanical model accounted for elastic constraints by passive and active elements from the superior and inferior directions and the effect of out-of-plane muscles and connective tissue. Passive bolus effects were negligible. Myofiber tract activation was simulated over 500 ms in 1-ms steps following lingual tip association with the hard palate and incorporated specifically the accommodative and propulsive phases of the swallow. Examining the displacement field, active and passive muscle stress, elemental stretch, and strain rate relative to changes of global shape, we demonstrate that lingual reconfiguration during these swallow phases is characterized by (in sequence) the following: 1) lingual tip elevation and shortening in the anterior-posterior direction; 2) inferior displacement related to hyoglossus contraction at its inferior-most position; and 3) dominant clockwise rotation related to regional contraction of the genioglossus and contraction of the hyoglossus following anterior displacement. These simulations demonstrate that lingual deformation during the indicated phases of swallowing requires temporally patterned activation of intrinsic and extrinsic muscles and delineate a method to ascertain the mechanics of normal and pathological swallowing.

scholarly journals Maximum isometric tongue force in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Birk ◽  
Boris A. Stuck ◽  
Joachim T. Maurer ◽  
Angela Schell ◽  
C. Emika Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Force ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
New Device ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Posterior Direction ◽  
Maximum Isometric Force ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Abstract Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder with a prevalence of 9–38%. The underlying pathology in OSA is a collapse of the upper airway. Especially in more severely affected patients, this collapse is often located at the level of the tongue base. Therefore, various implantable systems (anchors and ligament techniques) were developed to prevent or overcome this collapse. These systems are exposed to various forces. Different models have been developed to measure these forces and data comparing forces in healthy individuals with OSA patients are rare. Purpose Purpose of the study was to evaluate possible differences in tongue forces between healthy individuals and patients with OSA. Method To evaluate maximum isometric tongue forces, we conducted a matched pair design study including 20 healthy individuals and 20 patients suffering from OSA. Maximum isometric tongue forces were measured in an anterior/posterior direction with the help of self-designed new device that clamps the tongue. Results We could show that the maximum isometric force does not differ significantly in healthy individuals (10.7 ± 5.2N) from patients with OSA (14.4 ± 6.3N). Conclusion Currently there are no indications that maximum isometric tongue force does differ in healthy individuals and patients with OSA. Higher, as well as lower, tongue forces in patients with OSA seem not to differ from healthy subjects and therefore may not be needed to consider, in the development of tongue management devices, for OSA patients.

scholarly journals Ventricular Distribution Pattern of the Novel Sympathetic Nerve PET Radiotracer 18F-LMI1195 in Rabbit Hearts

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf A. Werner ◽  
Hiroshi Wakabayashi ◽  
Xinyu Chen ◽  
Nobuyuki Hayakawa ◽  
Constantin Lapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Short Axis ◽  
Wall Profile ◽  
Anterior Posterior

AbstractWe aimed to determine a detailed regional ventricular distribution pattern of the novel cardiac nerve PET radiotracer 18F-LMI1195 in healthy rabbits. Ex-vivo high resolution autoradiographic imaging was conducted to identify accurate ventricular distribution of 18F-LMI1195. In healthy rabbits, 18F-LMI1195 was administered followed by the reference perfusion marker 201Tl for a dual-radiotracer analysis. After 20 min of 18F-LMI1195 distribution time, the rabbits were euthanized, the hearts were extracted, frozen, and cut into 20-μm short axis slices. Subsequently, the short axis sections were exposed to a phosphor imaging plate to determine 18F-LMI1195 distribution (exposure for 3 h). After complete 18F decay, sections were re-exposed to determine 201Tl distribution (exposure for 7 days). For quantitative analysis, segmental regions of Interest (ROIs) were divided into four left ventricular (LV) and a right ventricular (RV) segment on mid-ventricular short axis sections. Subendocardial, mid-portion, and subepicardial ROIs were placed on the LV lateral wall. 18F-LMI1195 distribution was almost homogeneous throughout the LV wall without any significant differences in all four LV ROIs (anterior, posterior, septal and lateral wall, 99 ± 2, 94 ± 5, 94 ± 4 and 97 ± 3%LV, respectively, n.s.). Subepicardial 201Tl uptake was significantly lower compared to the subendocardial portion (subendocardial, mid-portion, and subepicardial activity: 90 ± 3, 96 ± 2 and *80 ± 5%LV, respectively, *p < 0.01 vs. mid-portion). This was in contradistinction to the transmural wall profile of 18F-LMI1195 (90 ± 4, 96 ± 5 and 84 ± 4%LV, n.s.). A slight but significant discrepant transmural radiotracer distribution pattern of 201Tl in comparison to 18F-LMI1195 may be a reflection of physiological sympathetic innervation and perfusion in rabbit hearts.

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