scholarly journals Facebook and Hate speech: Analyzing Relationship between Consumers' Attributes and Islamic Sectarian Content on Social Media in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 453-462
Author(s):  
Abid Ali Abid ◽  
Savera Shami ◽  
Dr. Ayesha Ashfaq
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Uses And Gratification ◽  
The People ◽  
Religious Extremism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Areas Of Concern ◽  
Facebook Pages

Religious extremism has been one of the major areas of concern for communication scholars throughout the world. In Pakistan, the form of sectarian division on the ideological occasion of Muharram has always been observed. As a result, a lot of hate speech has been used on social media by the followers of Shia and Sunni sects. This study not only aims to determine a relationship between the demographics of the users who post the hateful materials on the social media regarding any sect, it also aspires to investigate whether the socio-economic background, education or gender plays any role in determining the level of hate speech against any sect. For this purpose, while drawing upon the theory of Uses and Gratification, a sample of 100 users of Facebook were surveyed through a questionnaire developed on 5- point Likert scale. It was found that the people from different sects like to post and share the sectarian hate speech. The study found that there was a strong relationship in the level of religiosity and posting of hate speech, however, the more the tilt towards religious practices, the more users post hateful speech on Facebook pages, Furthermore, it was also found that the education level and  socio- economic status also play important role in this arena; the better they live (more household income  and  more  study),  the  lesser  they  post  such  hateful  material.

scholarly journals DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF HATE SPEECH

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
The People ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
The Social ◽  
Improved Technology

The challenges that are to be faced while handling with hate speech is not a new thing. From thepast few years due to the boosted usage of internet, hateful activities across social media is increasing rapidly. Improved technology has made it possible to create a platform where people can feel free to share their opinions and experiences.it wouldn't be a problem if this is just the case. but we can also see hateful comments running throughout the social media targeting a person or a community. Hate speech is the statement that targets a person or community of people discriminating based on caste, creed, nationality etc. Our project aims at resolving the above problem by using Machine Learning techniques to automatically detect hate speech and classify them into various classes such as extremely positive, positive neutral etc. We have used classifier that works based on the lexicons and finally compare it with other classifiers that doesn't use lexicons. Aimed beneficiaries of this model are the people who are being targeted on social media. Based on the results they can calculate intensity of the comments.

scholarly journals Augmenting brand community identification for inactive users: a uses and gratification perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Dessart ◽  
Cleopatra Veloutsou
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Information Value ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Brand Community ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Uses And Gratification ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Community Identification ◽  
Facebook Pages

Purpose In an era where companies shift a part of their marketing budget to support their social media presence, very little is known about the antecedents and effects of participant identification in a social media community. This paper aims to examine the antecedents of community identification in a Facebook company-managed brand community, for inactive members, using the uses and gratification theory. Brand community identification is also expected to lead to higher levels of brand loyalty for these members. Design/methodology/approach This research reports the results of a quantitative with survey data from 389 members of a variety of different official Facebook pages. Findings The results reveal that inactive members of Facebook pages can be influenced to act in a way that is beneficial for a company. Perceived human and information value of the brand Facebook page lead members to identify with a brand community and identification is a strong predictor of loyalty to the brand. Practical implications This paper provides suggestions to managers on the development of brand community value that can increase brand community identification and loyalty of apparently inactive brand community members. Originality/value By showing that brand community identification and loyalty exist for users with low activity levels, this research challenges the widely accepted idea that only highly active members are valuable in online brand communities. Specifically, it reveals the most important motivations for these members to identify with the community and be loyal to the brand.

scholarly journals Engaging for Puerto Rico: #RickyRenuncia (and #RickySeQueda) during El Verano del 19 and digital identities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo T Perez-Rivera ◽  
Christopher Torres Lugo ◽  
Alexis R Santos-Lozada
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Social Activism ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Puerto Rican Diaspora

Between July 13-24, 2019 the people of Puerto Rico took the streets after a series of corruption scandals shocked the political establishment. The social uprising resulted in the ousting of the Governor of Puerto Rico (Dr. Ricardo Rosselló, Ricky), the resignation of the majority of his staff something unprecedented in the history of Puerto Rico; this period has been called El Verano del 19 (Summer of 19). Social media played a crucial role in both the organization and dissemination of the protests, marches, and other activities that occurred within this period. Puerto Ricans in the island and around the world engaged in this social movement through the digital revolution mainly under the hashtag #RickyRenuncia (Ricky Resign), with a small counter movement under the hashtag #RickySeQueda (Ricky will stay). The purpose of this study is to illustrate the magnitude and grass roots nature of the political movement’s social media presence, as well as their characteristics of the population of both movements and their structures. We found that #RickyRenuncia was used approximately one million times in the period of analysis while #RickySeQueda barely reached 6,000 tweets. Particularly, the pervasiveness of cliques in the #RickySeQueda show concentrations of authority dedicated to its propagation, whilst the #RickyRenuncia propagation was much more distributed and decentralized with little to no interaction between significant nodes of authority. Noteworthy was the role of the Puerto Rican diaspora in the United States of America and around the world, contributing close to 40% of all geo-located tweets. Finally, we found that the Twitter followers of the former governor had indicators of being composed of two distinct populations: 1) those active in social media and 2) those who follow the account but who are not active participants of the social network. We discuss the implications of these findings on the interpretation of emergence, structure and dissemination of social activism and countermovement to these activities in the context of Puerto Rico.

scholarly journals Prinsip-Prinsip Etika Kristiani Bermedia Sosial

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
Simon Simon ◽  
Tan Lie Lie ◽  
Heppy Wenny Komaling
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Christian Ethics ◽  
Media Ethics ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Public ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The People ◽  
At Will

Indonesian netizens are often labeled as social media users at will without heeding politeness when interacting. This assessment is further confirmed by a survey conducted by Microsoft,  that Medsos users are labeled as netizens with the worst politeness level for Southeast Asia scale. The predicate is certainly aimed at allreligius netizens without emphasizing certain beliefs. The low politeness indicates the lack of social media ethics applied by the people of the country. Ironically, Indonesia is known as areligius and civilized country, it seems invisible if you look at the behavior of netizens who are. The method used in this paper is descriptive qualitative method with a literature study approach. The description of this topic religion certainly teaches how politeness and politeness in the public space are displayed especially in social media, because politeness is an indikator we are called ethical or not. The principle of Christian ethics teaches that when using social media what a believer must do is not to do body shaming with other online media users, or not to comment racistically. Because God does not differentiate between fellow humans by loving one and not loving another just because humans are different physically, race or nation. The next principle of Christian ethics in social media is not to argue theologically and not to spit negative things. The goal is to avoid quarrels, let alone hate speech. Netizen Indonesia kerap di cap sebagai pengguna media sosial sesuka hati tanpa mengindahkan kesantunan ketika berinteraksi. Penilaian ini makin dipertegas melalui survei yang dilakukan oleh Microsoft,  bahwa pengguna Medsos dilabeli sebagai netizen dengan tingkat kesopanan paling buruk untuk skala Asia Tenggara. Predikat itu tentu ditujukan kepada semua netizen yang beragama tanpa menitik-beratkan keyakinan tertentu. Rendahnya kesopanan menandakan kurangnya etika bermedia sosial diterapkan oleh masyarakat tanah air. Ironisnya, Indonesia yang di kenal sebagai negara yang religius dan beradab, hal itu seakan tidak terlihat bila melihat perilaku netizen yang bar-bar. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriftif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan. Uraian dari topik ini agama tentu mengajarkan bagaimana kesopanan dan kesantunan di ruang publik ditampilkan terlebih dalam bermedia sosial, karena kesopanan itu merupakan indikator kita di sebut beretika atau tidak. Prinsip etika Kristiani mengajarkan bahwa ketika bermedia sosial  yang  harus dilakukan orang Kristen  adalah tidak melakukanbody shaming kesesama pengguna media online, maupun tidak berkomentar secara rasis. Karena Allah tidak membeda-bedakan sesama manusia dengan mengasihi yang satu dan tidak mengasihi yang lain hanya karena manusia itu berbeda secara fisik, ras atau bangsa. Prinsip etika Kristiani berikutnya dalam bermedia sosial adalah tidak berdebat secara teologis dan tidak mengumbar hal negatif. Tujuannya  agar tidak terjadi pertengkaran apalagi ujaran kebencian.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Hate Speech among Armenian Facebook Users

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Lilit Bekaryan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
Facebook Pages

Social media networking websites have become platforms where users can not only share their photos, moments of happiness, success stories and best practices, but can also voice their criticism, discontent and negative emotions. It is interesting to follow how something that starts as a mere disagreement or conflict over clashing interests or values can develop into a hateful exchange on Facebook that targets social media users based on their gender, religious belonging, ethnicity, sexual orientation, political convictions etc. The present research explores how hateful posts and comments can start among Facebook users, and studies the language means employed in their design. The factual material was retrieved from more than ten open Facebook pages managed by popular Armenian figures, such as media experts, journalists, politicians and bloggers, in the period 2018–2020. The analysis of hate speech samples extracted from these sources shows that hate speech can find its explicit and implicit reflection in the online communication of Armenian Facebook users, and can be characterised by contextual markers such as invisibility, incitement to violence, invectiveness and immediacy. The language analysis of the posts and comments comprising hate speech has helped to identify language features of hateful comments including informal tone, use of passive voice, abusive and derogatory words, rhetorical or indirectly formed questions, generalisations and labelling.

scholarly journals Aastaanas of Magicians: A Ray of Hope for the Marginalised Community of Rawalpindi

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mahwish Zeeshan ◽  
Aneela Sultana ◽  
Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Economic Survey

People continue to believe in the efficacy of magic in the era of science and technology. Mythology pertaining to curative aspect of magic which is believed to solve the social, economic and medical problems of the people. Initially, a socio-economic survey of the households was conducted in Rawalpindi at Dhok Ratta and Dhok Khabba, which tapped 796 households. Later, 44 people who confessed using magic were interviewed with the help of an interview guide and participant observation at the aastaanas of the aamils. Mostly people who believed in the magical practices were inflicted with health, domestic, social and economic problems and sought magical cure as a last resort. The efficacy of magic is determined by socio-economic status, sex, marital status and education of the people rather than their belief in religion and fatalism.

scholarly journals Combatting Misinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic Via Social Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
Shehrbano Ali ◽  
Muhammad Murad Murtaza
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Virus Research ◽  
False News ◽  
Poster Presentations

Misinformation or "fake news" has existed in society for quite a while, with healthcare related misinformation being especially problematic, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the false news circulating on the social media, many misconceptions exist about the disease and the pandemic, leading to people reacting in extreme and unrecommended ways that cause more harm than benefit. In order to combat this, the CMH Arts and Design Society took an initiative and formed a facebook page named "Pakistan Corona Virus Research Outlook" that aimed to present well researched facts regarding COVID-19 in the form of video or poster presentations, so that they could be understood easily by the general public. We also drafted an online handbook that addressed the basic concerns regarding the signs and symptoms of the disease, and the basic principles of management, so as to equip the people without medical knowledge with sufficient information for them to be able to manage mild symptoms themselves, without burdening the healthcare system. We also formed a facebook group by the name "Corona Virus (COVID-19) Free Counselling" that aimed to provide a platform to the public to ask their queries regarding COVID-19 which were then addressed by medical professionals. A post-COVID syndrome series was also initiated on these platforms that addressed the post-COVID symptoms individually and provided a follow up plan for each, based on expert guidelines.

Study and Analysis of Delay Factors of Delhi Metro Using Data Sciences and Social Media

2018 ◽  
pp. 209-223
Author(s):  
Arun Solanki ◽  
Ela Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Monday Morning ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
The People ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
Implementation Techniques ◽  
The Social ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Delay Prediction ◽  
Different Sources

Delhi Metro passengers had a difficult time mostly on Monday morning as trains on the busy corridors are delayed due to technical problems or track circuit failure. This study found different factors like power failure, weather, rider load, festive season, etc. which are responsible for the delay of Delhi Metro. Due to these factors, Metro got delayed and run at a reduced speed causing much inconvenience to the people, who are hoping to reach their offices on time. Delhi Metro data are received from different sources which may be structured (timings, speed, traffic), semi-structured (images and video) and unstructured (maintenance records) form. So, there is heterogeneity in data. Except for this data, the feedback or suggestion of a rider is vital to the system. Nowadays riders are using social media like Facebook and Twitter very frequently. Three-tier architecture is proposed for the delay analysis of Delhi Metro. Different implementation techniques are studied and proposed for the social media module and delay prediction modules for the proposed system.

الشعب‎ يريد‎ اسقاط‎ النظام‎ “The People Want to Overthrow the Regime”

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-73
Author(s):  
Amy Austin Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
State Violence ◽  
The State ◽  
Breaking Point ◽  
Mass Mobilization ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Security Organizations

This chapter analyzes the first wave of the revolution against Hosni Mubarak. Refuting arguments that focus on the role of the social media, or divisions among the elite, and the alleged neutrality of the Egyptian military, the chapter illustrates that it was a revolutionary coalition of the middle and lower classes that created a breaking point for the regime. Key features of this mass mobilization included the refusal of protesters to be cowed by state violence, the creation of “liberated zones” occupied by the people, “popular security” organizations that replaced the repressive security apparatus of the state, and strikes that crippled the economy in the final days of the Mubarak era. Key moments during the 18 days are described with ethnographic detail, including the unfiltered reactions of protesters to the deployment of soldiers on January 28. The revolutionary nature of the uprising is that people demanded more than just the ouster of Mubarak—they wanted to topple “the regime” by naming the names of a slew of Mubarak’s cronies to remove them from power.

scholarly journals Sentiments and Perceptions of Business Respondents on Social Media: an Exploratory Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Torres van Grinsven ◽  
Ger Snijkers
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Statistical Institute ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Survey Participation ◽  
Business Survey ◽  
Negative Sentiment

Abstract The perceptions and sentiments of business respondents are considered important for statistical bureaus. As perceptions and sentiments are related to the behavior of the people expressing them, gaining insights into the perceptions and sentiments of business respondents is of interest to understand business survey response. In this article we present an exploratory analysis of expressions in the social media regarding Statistics Netherlands. In recent years, social media have become an important infrastructure for communication flows and thus an essential network in our social structure. Within that network participants are actively involved in expressing sentiments and perceptions. The results of our analysis provide insights into the perceptions and sentiments that business respondents have of this national statistical institute and specifically its business surveys. They point towards the specific causes that have led to a positive or a negative sentiment. Based on these results, recommendations aimed at influencing the perceptions and sentiments will be discussed, with the ultimate goal of stimulating survey participation. We also suggest recommendations regarding social media studies on sentiments and perceptions of survey respondents.

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