scholarly journals ACETONE-CHLOROFORM-n-BUTANOL MIXTURE SEPARATION BY THE EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION IN SCHEMES OF TWO-OUTLET COLUMNS

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 34-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. А. Anokhina ◽  
I. M. Gracheva ◽  
A. Yu. Akishin ◽  
А. V. Timoshenko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Extractive Distillation ◽  
Initial Mixture ◽  
Multicomponent Mixtures ◽  
Material Flows ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Mixture Separation ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Separation Product

Extractive distillation of acetone-chloroform-n-butanol mixture with dimethylformamide in two-outlet column schemes is considered. Optimal parameters according to the total energy consumption criterion in the column boilers of the three extractive distillation schemes for this mixture separation are determined. Calculations were carried out in a design-verification version at 1000 kg/hr of the initial mixture with the concentrations of acetone, chloroform and n-butanol 71.3, 14.7 and 14.0% wt., respectively. Dimethylformamide concentration in the entrainer flow was set to 99.99 wt%. The main component concentration in the product stream was 99.9 wt% for chloroform and 99.5 wt%. for acetone and n-butanol. The parameters to be optimized were: the number of plates in the columns, the temperature and flow rate of dimethylformamide, reflux ratios, distillate flow rates and the position of the feed plates in the columns. The optimum location of the entrainer feed plate was found additionally in the extractive distillation column. Separation product concentrations served as the constraints of the optimization. The optimization was carried out in Aspen Plus with the use of a combination of Sensitivity Analysis and sequential quadratic programming (SQP). It is established that scheme P5 has the lowest energy consumption. In the first column of this scheme, n-butanol is separated, and then the azeotrope-forming components (acetone and chloroform) are separated by the extractive distillation subsystem. Energy consumptions for two other schemes (P1 and P2), in which dimethylformamide is used in the first column of the sequence, are significantly higher than for scheme P5 - by 69.1% and by 49.3%, respectively. The data obtained will be used: to synthesize and optimize the extractive distillation schemes including the subsystems with coupled thermal and material flows to separate the acetone-chloroform-n-butanol mixture; to estimate the energy efficiency of those schemes and to obtain the criterion for estimating the energy efficiency of systems with coupled thermal and material flows in the extractive distillation of multicomponent mixtures.

Energy Consumption Prediction of University Buildings in China and Strategies for Energy Efficiency Management

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-juan Qu ◽  
Li-nan Lei ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Jin-yuan Qian
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
University Buildings

In 2007, Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE) and Ministry of Housing & Urban-Rural Development (MOHURD) carried out the Campus Resource Conservation Actions, in order to take full use of resources and to improve the energy efficiency. However, due to the large amounts of universities, the total energy consumption and the energy efficiency situation have no objective statistics. Taking modeling the energy consumption of university buildings as the starting point, this paper analyzes the characteristics of university buildings in China. Then, we do the prediction, trend and potential analysis of the total energy consumption in 2020. In addition, four strategies for energy efficiency management are carried out, which might be helpful for all the university managers and related departments.

Analysis of China’s Provincial Energy Efficiency Based on the Generalized DEA Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 890-895
Author(s):  
Hui Min Li ◽  
Cun Bin Li ◽  
Zhan Xin Ma
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Technology Changes ◽  
Dea Method ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, with the rapid economic growth, the demand on the amount of energy in China is increasing. So the problem of how to improve the energy utilization efficiency and save energy consumption has to be tackled. The traditional CCR model and BCC model used in the study of provincial energy efficiency do not take the impact of technological progress into consideration. Therefore, the paper uses the generalized DEA method to research the energy utilization efficiency of China’s 29 provinces, that is, to evaluate and analyze the energy utilization efficiency by selecting the capital stock, employment and total energy consumption of China’s provinces as input factors and GDP, per capital GDP as output factors, and then draw tables showing each province’s change of average annual overall efficiency and the pure technology changes, and finally analyze the regularities underlying these changes.

scholarly journals Lighting Control Including Daylight and Energy Efficiency Improvements Analysis

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniela Kaminska ◽  
Andrzej Ożadowicz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Building Automation ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Lighting Control

Energy used for lighting is one of the major components of total energy consumption in buildings. Nowadays, buildings have a great potential to reduce their energy consumption, but to achieve this purpose additional efforts are indispensable. In this study, the need for energy savings evaluation before the implementation of lighting control algorithms for a specified building is highlighted. Therefore, experimental tests have been carried out in a university building with laboratories and other rooms, equipped with KNX building automation system. A dimmable control strategy has been investigated, dependent on daylight illuminance. Moreover, a relationship between external and internal daylight illuminance levels has been evaluated as well. Based on the experimental results, the authors proposed a method for the rough estimation of electrical energy savings. Since, according to the EN 15232 standard, Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) play an important role in buildings’ energy efficiency improvements, the BACS efficiency factors from this standard have been used to verify the experimental results presented in the paper. The potential to reduce energy consumption from lighting in non-residential buildings by 28% for offices and 24% for educational buildings has been confirmed, but its dependence on specific building parameters has been discussed as well.

scholarly journals Energy Use Efficiency Past-to-Future Evaluation: An International Comparison

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Nan Wang ◽  
Thi-Duong Nguyen ◽  
Min-Chun Yu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
Energy Efficiency Evaluation

Despite the many benefits that energy consumption brings to the economy, consuming energy also leads nations to expend more resources on environmental pollution. Therefore, energy efficiency has been proposed as a solution to improve national economic competitiveness and sustainability. However, the growth in energy demand is accelerating while policy efforts to boost energy efficiency are slowing. To solve this problem, the efficiency gains in countries where energy consumption efficiency is of the greatest concern such as China, India, the United States, and Europe, especially, emerging economies, is central. Additionally, governments must take greater policy actions. Therefore, this paper studied 25 countries from Asia, the Americas, and Europe to develop a method combining the grey method (GM) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) slack-based measure model (SMB) to measure and forecast the energy efficiency, so that detailed energy efficiency evaluation can be made from the past to the future; moreover, this method can be extended to more countries around the world. The results of this study reveal that European countries have a higher energy efficiency than countries in Americas (except the United States) and Asian countries. Our findings also show that an excess of total energy consumption is the main reason causing the energy inefficiency in most countries. This study contributes to policymaking and strategy makers by sharing the understanding of the status of energy efficiency and providing insights for the future.

scholarly journals The Strategy of Implementing Energy Efficiency Standards and Labels for Domestic Air Conditioners in Libya

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah M Alabani ◽  
Ibrahim H Tawil
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Energy Efficiency Standards

The residential sector in Libya has grown over the past decade in the construction of residential buildings due to the increase in the population. Moreover, the increase in the level of income has contributed to the increase in the purchase of household appliances, which leads to increased demand for energy. Energy consumption in the household sector accounted for 31% of total energy consumption during 2010, and the share of air conditioners in this sector consumed 18.35%. To reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency in this sector, policies should be considered to apply energy efficiency standards and markers to household electrical appliances, as they are considered one of the most successful programs used in the world. Countries are implementing such programs to reduce energy consumption in the domestic sector. This paper presents the possibility of implementing such programs to introduce the importance of energy efficiency standards and labeling programs for home appliances in Libya. The calculations required to design such programs show the energy savings that can be achieved during cooling loads in the summer period of 4 months July, August, September). A strategic plan has been developed during 10-year (2020-2030) to estimate the expected savings of energy consumed and to identify possible obstacles and difficulties by gradually increasing the energy efficiency ratio for comestic air conditioners in two stages, from EER10 to EER11 in the first stage is then raised to EER12 as the second stage.

A Novel Approach of Energy Efficiency Based on Multiple Data Collector Placement for Wireless Seismic Sensor Network

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 6834-6843
Author(s):  
Xunqian Tong ◽  
Gengfa Fang ◽  
Jun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Data Collector ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Battery Capacity

Since the geological environments are highly unpredictable and the battery capacity of seismometer nodes in the wireless seismic sensor networks (WSSN) is constraint, the lifetime of the network that using conventional single data collector may be dramatically reduced. Even with the most energy-efficient algorithm that deploys multiple data collectors, it is still too difficult to satisfy the system requirement in terms of energy consumption. In this paper, we therefore propose an optimal solution that uses multiple data collectors to minimize the total energy consumption of data transmissions in WSSN. The aim of this work is not only to determine how many data collectors are required, but also to find out how to place them in an effective way, so that the energy efficiency of the system can be further enhanced. In so doing, an optimal solution that is based on the placement of multiple data collectors is proposed. A two-step approach is adopted, in which the number of required data collectors is firstly calculated based on a graph theoretic approach and then the placement of the data collectors are further optimized according to maximize the network lifetime. The simulation analysis shows that with a given number of seismometer nodes, using the proposed algorithm, an optimal value can always be found to extend the WSSN lifetime. As the number of seismometer nodes are selected to be 200, 500, 800 and 1000, the lifetime of the WSSN can be improved by 176%, 236.8%, 408.4% and 575%, respectively.

scholarly journals Research on the Impact of Industrial Development on Energy Utilization Efficiency under the Background of Urban Agglomeration Planning

2021 ◽  
Vol 283 ◽  
pp. 02026
Author(s):  
Yuan Zheng ◽  
Bo Yue ◽  
Xuesong Han ◽  
Zheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Central Cities ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
The Impact

At present, the trend of central cities leading the development of urban agglomerations and urban agglomerations driving regional development is becoming more and more significant. Based on the panel data of 16 cities in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration from 2010 to 2015, this paper uses a fixedeffect model to study the relationship between industrial development and energy efficiency in urban agglomerations, central cities, and surrounding cities. The empirical results show that for the overall urban agglomerations, central cities and surrounding cities, the scale of the secondary industry has a negative correlation with energy consumption per unit of GDP. Industrial development will increase the total energy consumption, but it also contributes to energy efficiency. In order to achieve the goal of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality", cities must find a balance in development and seek ecological protection during development.

scholarly journals The Challenge of Greening the Existing Residential Buildings in the Egyptian Market Base Case

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Amr Soliman ElGohary ◽  
Shereen Omar Khashaba
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Green Buildings ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Sector

Existing buildings are the massive percentage of the building stock, and therefore, are the key to improving efficiency; buildings account for an enormous share of the climate change crisis, and approximately 40% of the world total energy consumption (McArthur & Jofeh, 2015). The Egyptian stock of buildings includes about 12 million buildings. 60% of these buildings are residential. The final electricity consumption of the residential buildings in 2010 was 51370 GWh and increased in 2014 to reach 62441 GWh. Thus the share of total energy consumption was 18.8% in 2010 and increased to reach 21.55% in 2014 ("Technology Roadmap - Energy efficient building envelopes.", 2013). Therefore, the residential sector plays an important role in the mitigation of energy consumption crisis, which is expected to increase. The research field and initiatives in Egypt on the green buildings and green buildings retrofits are rare and, if existing, are weakly applied. Unlike in developed countries, there is a large research on building retrofits, e.g., the Residential Property Assessed Clean Energy (R-PACE) program and the weatherization assistance program (WAP) of the department of energy (DOE). Both are examples of the incentives to green building initiatives globally. This paper discusses the challenge of greening the existing residential buildings in Egypt by demonstrating an analysis of the motives and the barriers to applying green measures in the Egyptian market. The research methodology comprises the analytical-comparative method. In the analytical part; the paper identifies the current situation of the residential sector energy consumption in Egypt, and the benefits of greening existing buildings for tenants, investors, and owners. In the comparative part, the current situation of Egypt's Green Market Business Case is compared with the international one, discussing the challenge of greening the residential buildings. The paper summarizes the opportunities to improve the building energy efficiency, incentives, and policies that are developed to address significant financial and technical awareness to building efficiency. These policies will help enable critical market actors to make decisions to promote energy efficiency in existing buildings.

scholarly journals A water-energy balance application with adaptations to a brazilian water supply system

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e380101019039
Author(s):  
Matheus Gonçalves Silqueira ◽  
Fernando das Graças Braga da Silva ◽  
Alex Takeo Yasumura Lima Silva ◽  
Matheus David Guimarães Barbedo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Total Energy Consumption

According to the Alliance to Save Energy, between 2 % and 3 % of the total electric energy consumed in the world is used for water pumping in supply systems, with the consumption reduction potential through energy efficiency and conservation measures being estimated at 25 %. In Brazil, the water supply sector corresponds to 2.6 % of the total energy consumed in the country, with pumping systems being responsible for over 90 % of the total energy consumption. It is extremely common to find supersized facilities with pump motor sets operating outside their ideal points, with it being a common practice to perform flow and pressure control through the installation of valves. The use of reducing valves inserts unnecessary pressure drops into the hydraulic system, increasing energy consumption. The objective of this work is to present an energy balance of a study sector of the Autonomous Water and Sewage Service (AWSS) of a municipality in the south of Minas Gerais, Brazil, aiming to elucidate the electric energy consumption of the system and where the reduction in such consumption may occur. For this, we measured data such as the efficiency of the pump motor sets, calculated performance indicators and water loss indices, and applied the energy balance adapted. This work presents an application of a water-energy balance with adaptations to a Brazilian water supply system, under the perspective of the energy efficiency in lift station pump motor sets.

A Study on Energy Consumption Optimization for Cooperative Beamforming in Wireless Sensor Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 625-631
Author(s):  
Guang You Yang ◽  
Xiong Gan ◽  
Tuo Zheng ◽  
Zhi Yan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Consumption Optimization ◽  
Modulation Parameter ◽  
Cooperative Beamforming

In wireless sensor networks where the volume and energy of nodes are limited by batteries, which are difficult or prohibitively expensive to replace or recharge in the most of its application scenarios, so improving energy efficiency has very important significance.Cooperative beamforming forms virtual antenna arrays by multiple adjacent wireless sensor nodes, which improves the signal strength at the receiver and reduces the energy consumption of the transmitter by multiplexing gain and interference management.In this paper, the problem of energy consumption optimization for cooperative beamforming in wireless sensor networks was studied. First, considering both amplifier energy consumption and circuit energy consumption,energy consumption models for both broadcast phase and cooperative beamforming phase was presented.Then,we propose a two-step optimization to minimize the total energy consumption by optimizing the modulation parameter and the number of cooperative nodes.We simulate the total energy consumption for various transmission distances,modulation parameters , path losses and the number of cooperative nodes.The numerical results show that,for different system parameters, selecting the optimal modulation parameter and the optimal number of cooperative nodes can reduce total energy consumption and improve energy efficiency.

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