scholarly journals Cholelithiasis: epidemiological data, key aspects of the pathogenesis and comorbidity, relevant therapeutic targets

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 290-296
Author(s):  
I.G. Nikitin ◽  
◽  
A.V. Volnukhin ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Therapy Effect ◽  
Complex Therapy ◽  
Key Aspects

The article is devoted to current scientific data on the cholelithiasis pathogenesis and opportunities for optimizing litholytic therapy. It is shown that cholelithiasis should be considered as a topical manifestation of systemic disorders of metabolic and inflammatory genesis throughout the body. The article shows the key role in the development of its insulin resistance, imbalanced cholesterol and bile acid metabolism, biliary dyskinesia, and the production of inflammatory mediators. There are factors that cause cholelithiasis comorbidity with cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, gastrointestinal cancer of various localization, and liver diseases. The role of cholelithiasis as a risk factor and a criterion for an adverse prognosis is justified. Pathogenetically justified method for improving oral litholysis, which provides a complex therapy effect, is considered; the rationality of using a fixed combination of ursodeoxycholic acid and glycyrrhizic acid is justified. KEYWORDS: gallstone disease, cholelithiasis, cholesterol stones, oral litholysis, ursodeoxycholic acid, glycyrrhizic acid, complex therapy, metabolic disorders. FOR CITATION: Nikitin I.G., Volnukhin A.V. Cholelithiasis: epidemiological data, key aspects of the pathogenesis and comorbidity, relevant therapeutic targets. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(5):290–296. DOI: 10.32364/2587–6821–2020–4-5-290-296.

scholarly journals Ursodeoxycholic Acid Regulates Hepatic Energy Homeostasis and White Adipose Tissue Macrophages Polarization in Leptin-Deficiency Obese Mice

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Sheng Chen ◽  
Hsuan-Miao Liu ◽  
Tzung-Yan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Tissue Macrophage ◽  
Stat3 Phosphorylation

Obesity has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of several forms of metabolic syndrome, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and prevents mitochondrial dysfunction in the progression of obesity-associated diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the mechanisms of UDCA during obesity-linked hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and obesity-associated adipose tissue macrophage-induced inflammation in obese mice. UDCA significantly decreased lipid droplets, reduced free fatty acids (FFA) and triglycerides (TG), improved mitochondrial function, and enhanced white adipose tissue browning in ob/ob mice. This is associated with increased hepatic energy expenditure, mitochondria biogenesis, and incorporation of bile acid metabolism (Abca1, Abcg1 mRNA and BSEP, FGFR4, and TGR5 protein). In addition, UDCA downregulated NF-κB and STAT3 phosphorylation by negative regulation of the expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 signaling. These changes were accompanied by decreased angiogenesis, as shown by the downregulation of VEGF, VCAM, and TGF-βRII expression. Importantly, UDCA is equally effective in reducing whole body adiposity. This is associated with decreased adipose tissue expression of macrophage infiltration (CD11b, CD163, and CD206) and lipogenic capacity markers (lipofuscin, SREBP-1, and CD36). Furthermore, UDCA significantly upregulated adipose browning in association with upregulation of SIRT-1-PGC1-α signaling in epididymis adipose tissue (EWAT). These results suggest that multi-targeted therapies modulate glucose and lipid biosynthesis fluxes, inflammatory response, angiogenesis, and macrophage differentiation. Therefore, it may be suggested that UDCA treatment may be a novel therapeutic agent for obesity.

Ursodeoxycholic acid administration on bile acid metabolism in patients with early stages of primary biliary cirrhosis

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 896-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Mazzella ◽  
Paolo Parini ◽  
Franco Bazzoli ◽  
Nicola Villanova ◽  
Davide Festi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Acid Administration

scholarly journals Methodological Peculiarities of the Usage of Stretching Techniques in the Process of Flexibility Development

2017 ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Oksana Romaniuk ◽  
Bohdan Zadvornyi
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Stretching Exercises

The article is devoted to theoretical and methodological substantiations of the body flexibility development practically applying the stretching techniques. It was generalized scientific data on the organization and methodological features of stretching exercises. Semantic content and structural componential model of stretching usage in the process of flexibility development and the estimation of the changes of this characteristic according to the age were carried out. In particular, some parameters were highlighted especially which allow to recommend that methodology both for individual and group usage were analyzed. Besides, it was analyzed the diversity of physiological mechanism of the influence of stretching on human body, especially it was singled out the effect on mental and physical spheres of human being. The generalized scientific data on the theoretical and practical aspects of flexibility development with the help of stretching techniques indicate the priority of usage of this method in many types of physical activities irrespective of the scope of its practical application.

scholarly journals Ursodeoxycholic acid and cancer prevention

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Reyzis
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Rational Treatment ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer

 Along with the great progress in the fight against malignant neoplasms through the improvement of surgical care and the development of chemotherapy, the search for strategies and opportunities to prevent cancer is becoming increasingly important and promising. Early detection and rational treatment of chronic precancerous diseases must be a priority. In this regard, the possible role of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA, ursosan, etc.) has been closely studied in recent years. An overview of the role of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in the prevention of cancer is presented. The pathogenetic basis of this action is the proven normalizing effect of UDCA on bile acid metabolism, microbiome condition and apoptosis. The paper summarizes the latest data on the ability of UDCA to withstand malignization in the liver, throughout the gastrointestinal tract and beyond. These numerous experimental and clinical studies allow us to assert that UDCA drugs, except for the well-known and versatile hepatoprotective effect, can be considered as effective and promising means of cancer prevention throughout the digestive tract and associated organs. Further research into the broad spectrum of UDCA’s ability to prevent gastrointestinal malignization and beyond is reasonable and promising.

How a major incident plan can be used in an acute healthcare setting

2018 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Makin ◽  
L Smith ◽  
K McDevitt
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
The Body ◽  
Major Incident ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Major Incidents ◽  
Infrastructure Failure ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Acute Healthcare

All NHS Trusts face a diverse range of potential threats and disruptions that can overwhelm the delivery of their routine healthcare services. Major incidents range from significant infrastructure failure to responding to significant casualty numbers from natural disasters and malicious incidents. Major incident plans are one of the body of documents that support trusts and in this instance acute NHS trusts in emergency preparedness. Major incident plans can be used as a reference point for staff of all disciplines, that is, clinical and non-clinical. Major incident plans incorporate the requirements of the Civil Contingencies Act 2004 for NHS-funded providers to ensure trusts conduct risk assessments, emergency planning, cooperating with other organisations, and internal and external communication. This paper summarises some of the key aspects in the construction and the use of major incident plans in acute care trusts.

EFFICACY OF ACNE THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH OVARIAN HYPERANDROGENISM

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Kalinkina O.B. ◽  
Tezikov Yu.V. ◽  
Lipatov I.S. ◽  
Aravina O.R.
Keyword(s):  
Active Form ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Dermatological Examination ◽  
Gynecological Examination ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Complex Therapy ◽  
Acne Therapy ◽  
Ovarian Hyperandrogenism

The aim of the study was to show the effectiveness of treatment of acne with moderate severity in women with ovarian hyperandrogenism. A total of 25 female reproductive voerast patients with moderate acne and ovarian hyperandrogenism who were not planning pregnancy were examined. All patients were examined, which included a consultation with a gynecologist with a gynecological examination, ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs, a study of the hormonal status, a biochemical blood test, as well as a dermatological examination with the determination of the dermatological index of acne (DIA). After the examination, the patients underwent complex therapy using the external treatment recommended by the dermatovenerologist (skin cleansing, gel with azelaic acid and / or gel with adapalene), as well as the appointment of a combined oral contraceptive (COC) Jes Plus. Based on this study, it can be concluded that complex therapy, including local treatment and taking Jes Plus, is the first choice in the treatment of androgen-dependent dermopathy, manifested by moderate acne, in patients with ovarian hyperandrogenism due to PCOS. Such therapy contributes not only to the formation of a pronounced clinical result, but also causes a low probability of side effects. The administration of COC containing drospirenon and the active form of folate, in the form of the calcium salt levomefolate, allows a favorable effect on the metabolic processes in the body as a whole, and in particular, provides a positive effect on the skin, the cardiovascular system, reduces the risk of systemic and local inflammation, relieving the state of hyperhomocysteinemia, providing prevention of cardiometabolic risks.

Normal saline instillation before suctioning: helpful or harmful? A review of the literature

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Research Utilization ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endotracheal Suctioning ◽  
Common Clinical Practice ◽  
Saline Instillation ◽  
Recommended Guidelines ◽  
Research Studies

This research utilization paper reviews the body of published literature on the practice of normal saline instillation before endotracheal suctioning of mechanically ventilated adult patients. Although normal saline instillation before suctioning is a common clinical practice, the research literature does not demonstrate any physiologic benefit to this procedure. Moreover, normal saline instillation may decrease oxygen saturation values (via pulse oximetry) after suctioning. The relevant research studies have been inconsistent and inconclusive because of limitations in sample size and research methodology. Further research studies using larger, more diverse samples, adhering strictly to recommended guidelines for endotracheal suctioning, and examining additional physiologic parameters of oxygenation are necessary. In addition, long-term outcomes of normal saline instillation such as respiratory infection and complications, as well as atelectasis, should be evaluated. Until scientific data can be presented to support the physiologic benefit of this practice, normal saline instillation should be discontinued as a routine or standard practice.

Difficulties in establishing a causal link between chemical exposures and cancer cannot be overcome by court assessments

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1095-1107
Author(s):  
TA Dragani
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Genetics ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Talcum Powder ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Knowledge Of Cancer

Scientific data are often used in lawsuits to prove, or dismiss, causation by a claimed factor of a claimed disease. Recent media reports of million-dollar compensations awarded to some cancer patients who had been exposed to certain chemical substances motivated me to examine how solid the causal links really were. Here, I discuss the limitations of epidemiological research on cancer causation and highlight how new knowledge of cancer genetics makes it unrealistic to expect that cancer causation can be clearly demonstrated. I then present two exposure–cancer cases, namely talcum powder–ovarian cancer and glyphosate–non-Hodgkin lymphoma, that led to civil lawsuits decided, in the United States, in favor of the claimants. Both these cancers have several risk factors, among which the claimed exposure presents only a minor, if any, increased risk. Through these cases, I explain why the use of epidemiological data is inappropriate to define causal associations in complex diseases like cancer. I close by suggesting a fairer approach, called proportional liability, to resolving future cancer litigation cases.

Muscle Strength, Body Composition, and Performance of an Elite Shot-Putter

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerasimos Terzis ◽  
Thomas Kyriazis ◽  
Giorgos Karampatsos ◽  
Giorgos Georgiadis
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Shot Put

Purpose:Although muscle mass and strength are thought to be closely related to throwing performance, there are few scientific data about these parameters in elite shot-putters. The purpose of this case report was to present longitudinal data for muscle strength and body composition in relation to performance of an elite male shot-putter.Methods:A male national champion with the best rotational shot-put performance of 20.36 m (in 2010) was followed from 2003 to 2011 (current age: 29 y). Data regarding body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry), as well as 1-repetition-maximum muscle strength (bench press, squat, snatch) and rotational shot-put performance, were collected every February for the last 9 y, 4 wk before the national indoor championship event.Results:The athlete’s personal-best performances in squat, bench press, and snatch were 175 kg, 210 kg, and 112.5 kg, respectively. His peak total lean body mass was 92.4 kg, bone mineral density 1.55 g/cm2, and lowest body fat 12.9%. His shot-put performance over these 9 years was significantly correlated with 1-repetition-maximum squat strength (r = .93, P < .01), bench press (r = .87, P < .01), and snatch (r = .92, P < .01). In contrast, shot-put performance was not significantly correlated with any of the body-composition parameters.Conclusions:The results of this case study suggest that elite rotational shot-put performance may not be directly correlated with lean body mass. Instead, it seems that it is closely related with measures of muscle strength.

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