scholarly journals PROSTATE-SPECIFIC MEMBRANE ANTIGEN (PSMA) AS DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKER IN PROSTATE CANCER

2022 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucky Frannata ◽  
Indrawarman Soeroharjo ◽  
Raden Danarto ◽  
Didik Setyo Heriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Malignant Group ◽  
Diagnose Prostate Cancer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Benign Prostate

Objective: This study aimed to compare PSMA expression in both prostate cancer and benign prostate disease. Material & Methods: PSMA antigen expression was examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), twenty samples from each prostate cancer and benign prostate group were examined at the Department of Pathology Anatomy, Sardjito General Hospital. The data was analyzed using version 21 of SPSS.  Results: The mean PSMA gene expression in benign groups was 13.49 [95% CI: 11.27 – 15.72] and the mean PSMA gene expression in the malignant group was: 25.14 [95% CI: 20.95-29.33], the p-value was <0.01. Using an independent T-test analysis, we found that the increase in PSMA gene expression in the prostate cancer group was statistically significant. Conclusion: The expression of the PSMA gene was correlated with prostate cancer. Increased PSMA gene expression in prostate tissue could be used as a biomarker to diagnose prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Evaluation of GNMT Gene Expression in Prostate Cancer Tissues using Real-Time PCR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niloofar Dehghani ◽  
Masoud Salehipour ◽  
Babak Javanmard
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In the present study, the expression level of glycine N-methyl transferase gene (GNMT) was investigated in prostate cancer tissue. The GNMT enzyme is encoded by the GNMT gene. Increased GNMT gene expression increases the conversion of glycine to sarcosine and results in the elevated levels of sarcosine in blood and urine. Methods: The expression level of GNMT gene in tissue samples of patients with prostate cancer was compared with those with benign prostatic hyperplasia using Real-Time PCR technique. Results: The GNMT gene expression level increased significantly in prostate cancer patients compared with those with benign prostatic hyperplasia (p-value <0.001). In addition, the expression level of GNMT gene was stage-dependent and  significant increases were observed in all stages of prostate cancer compared with those with benign prostatic hyperplasia (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: The concentration of sarcosine is controlled by GNMT and it seems that increasing the expression level of GNMT gene increases the level of sarcosine concentration. Thus, it appears that increased levels of GNMT expression occur in the early stages of prostate cancer. Therefore, periodic measurement of GNMT expression levels can detect prostate cancer before it forms a cancer cell and invades other tissues.

scholarly journals Sonographic Evaluation of Uterine Dimensions in Postpartum Women of Reproductive Age-Study from Enugu, Southeast Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidimma Nonyelum Okwor ◽  
Chuka Chike Agunwa ◽  
Joseph Tochukwu Enebe ◽  
Amaka Obiageli Nnamani ◽  
Ikechukwu Emmanuel Obi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Uterine Involution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Introduction: Uterine involution, a physiological process in which the uterus reverts to prepregnant size, occurs during puerperium. The latter is a time of substantial maternal risk. Ultrasound is considered the most appropriate tool in monitoring the progression of uterine involution because it is cheap, convenient and repeatable with no radiation risk. Aim: To sonographically evaluate the involution of the uterus and uterine cavity in postpartum women in Enugu, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study on 400 postpartum women at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. Transabdominal ultrasonography to measure uterine dimensions was done on day 1, day 3 and day 42 of puerperium using a 3.5-5 MHz curvilinear probe of a portable ALOKA ultrasound machine. Statistical analysis was done with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0. The uterine dimensions were expressed as mean±standard deviation and student's t-test analysis was used to compare the values for day 1, day 3 and day 42 of puerperium. Regression analysis was carried out to measure the relationship between uterine measurements on days 1, 3 and 42. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean longitudinal, anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the uterus at day 1 were 14.51 cm, 8.54 cm and 10.97 cm, respectively. The corresponding values for day 42 were 8.27 cm, 4.78 cm, and 6.22 cm. The uterine diameters decreased significantly as puerperium advanced (p<0.001). The mean uterine cavity diameters also decreased significantly as puerperium advanced (p<0.001). There was significant regression between longitudinal diameters of both uterus and uterine cavity on days 1 and 3 but not between days 3 and 42. Conclusion: This study has established a normal range of diameters for the uterus and uterine cavity on day 1, day 3 and day 42 of puerperium. It can serve as reference data for further studies in the study area.

scholarly journals Intratumoral androgen levels are linked to TMPRSS2-ERG fusion in prostate cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 807-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matias Knuuttila ◽  
Arfa Mehmood ◽  
Jenni Mäki-Jouppila ◽  
Henrik Ryberg ◽  
Pekka Taimen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Prostate Tissue ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Androgen Metabolism ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression ◽  
Benign Prostate

Intratumoral androgen biosynthesis is one of the mechanisms involved in the progression of prostate cancer, and an important target for novel prostate cancer therapies. Using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and genome-wide RNA sequencing, we have analyzed androgen concentrations and androgen-regulated gene expression in cancerous and morphologically benign prostate tissue specimens and serum samples obtained from 48 primary prostate cancer patients. Intratumoral dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations were significantly higher in the cancerous tissues compared to benign prostate (P < 0.001). The tissue/serum ratios of androgens were highly variable between the patients, indicating individual patterns of androgen metabolism and/or uptake of androgens within the prostate tissue. An unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of intratissue androgen concentrations indicated that transmembrane protease, serine 2/ETS-related gene (TMPRSS2-ERG)-positive patients have different androgen profiles compared to TMPRSS2-ERG-negative patients. TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion status was also associated with an enhanced androgen-regulated gene expression, along with altered intratumoral androgen metabolism, demonstrated by reduced testosterone concentrations and increased DHT/testosterone ratios in TMPRSS2-ERG-positive tumors. TMPRSS2-ERG-positive and -negative prostate cancer specimens have distinct intratumoral androgen profiles, possibly due to activation of testosterone-independent DHT biosynthesis via the alternative pathway in TMPRSS2-ERG-positive tumors. Thus, patients with TMPRSS2-ERG-positive prostate cancer may benefit from novel inhibitors targeting the alternative DHT biosynthesis.

Increased cholesterol synthesis via squalene monooxygenase to predict lethal prostate cancer.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 77-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Hermann Stopsack ◽  
Travis Gerke ◽  
James Robert Cerhan ◽  
Lorelei A. Mucci ◽  
Jennifer R. Rider
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Watchful Waiting ◽  
Prostate Tissue ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Squalene Monooxygenase ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Benign Prostate

77 Background: Prostate cancer cells rely on cholesterol for proliferation and androgen production. We recently demonstrated that increased expression of the second key enzyme of cholesterol synthesis, squalene monooxygenase (SQLE), is associated with higher prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM). We here validate findings in two additional prospective studies and investigate putative mechanisms. Methods: We analyzed the prospective prostatectomy cohorts within the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) and the Physicians’ Health Study (PHS) as well as initially expectantly managed patients in the Swedish Watchful Waiting Study (SWWS). 258 lethal cancer cases and 469 patients who survived > 8 years without metastases were included. SQLE mRNA was measured in tumor specimens at diagnosis of all patients and in benign prostate tissue of 197 patients. Markers of tumor angiogenesis were assessed via immunohistochemistry in 169 HPFS patients. We estimated multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using logistic regression. Results: Higher SQLE expression was confirmed to be predictive of higher PCSM in the validation prostatectomy cohort PHS. Combining the two prostatectomy cohorts, men with high SQLE expression ( > 1 standard deviation above the mean) were 6.7 times (95% CI, 2.9 to 15.8; p < 0.001) more likely to die from their cancer compared to men with the mean level of SQLE expression. A 10% higher ratio of SQLE mRNA expression in tumor vs. benign prostate tissue of the same patient was predictive of 42% higher PCSM (95% CI, 15% to 74%). Higher SQLE expression was strongly associated with increased angiogenesis markers (all p ≤ 0.001). This increased risk associated with high SQLE expression was not modified by statin use (p ≥ 0.52). In initially untreated patients in SWWS, a more modest association of tumor SQLE expression with PCSM was observed (p = 0.047). Conclusions: SQLE, the second rate-limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis, is associated with prostate cancer progression. Its expression at cancer diagnosis is predictive of lethal disease both after curative-intent prostatectomy and in a watchful waiting setting, possibly by facilitating micrometastatic disease.

Whole-genome gene expression analysis in urine samples of patients with prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 607.e15-607.e24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taha Reşid Özdemir ◽  
Adnan Şimşir ◽  
Hüseyin Onay ◽  
İbrahim Cüreklibatır ◽  
Ferda Özkınay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Benign Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Benign Prostate

scholarly journals Presentation, Characteristics and Co-morbidities of Men with Prostate Cancer in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Chimaobi Gideon Ofoha ◽  
Felix Echebiri Magnus
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
P Value ◽  
Early Presentation ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Mean

Aims: To determine the presentation, characteristics and associated co-morbidities in Nigerian men with prostate cancer. Study Design: Retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried at the Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria from January 2010 to December 2018. Methodology: Men with histologically confirmed prostate cancer were analyzed. The age of the men, PSA pattern, histologic type, Gleason score, stage of the disease, associated co-morbidities and treatment received by the men were recorded. The effect of co-morbidities on disease aggressiveness using Gleason score and PSA as determinants was determined using Pearson correlation. SPSS version 23 was used in analyzing the data.  P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Eighty-one patients with prostate cancer from 2010 to 2018 were involved in the study. The mean age was 67.58±9.42 years with a range of 42 to 96years.  Men with PSA >100 ng/ml had the highest frequency (34.60%). The mean Gleason Score was 6.28±2.13. Gleason score 7-8 had the highest frequency (35.8%). Seventy-nine patients (97.5%) had adenocarcinoma. Eighty-one percent of the men had advanced Pca, 58% being metastatic disease. 48.1% had co-morbidities, 39.5% had hypertension, while 8.6% had both hypertension and diabetes. Comorbidities showed no correlation with PSA level (r=0.346), (p-value 0.375) and Gleason score (r=0.194), (p-value 0.639). Seventy-nine percent of the men had androgen deprivation therapy. Conclusion: Most of the men presented with advanced disease, with all indices pointing towards lethal disease. The commonest co-morbidity was hypertension and co-morbidities had no relationship with the aggressiveness of prostate cancer. To ensure early presentation and prevent lethal forms of Pca, health education, screening, counselling for men in the high-risk group is paramount.

scholarly journals Study the usefulness of ascitic fluid cholesterol level in diagnosis of malignant related ascites

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 400
Author(s):  
. Mayank ◽  
B. P. Priyadarshi ◽  
Mahendra Singh ◽  
Ashok Kumar Verma ◽  
Tanu Midha
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Malignant Ascites ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
P Value ◽  
Malignant Group ◽  
The Mean

Background: The differential diagnosis of ascites is a common clinical problem. However, the capability to distinguish malignant from non-malignant causes of ascites using available biochemical techniques would obviate many expensive and time-consuming diagnostic studies on patients presenting with ascites of unknown etiology. Therefore, this study was planned to evaluate usefulness of ascitic fluid cholesterol level in diagnosis of malignant ascites.Methods: Author conducted an observational study in 80 patients, those admitted and willing to give consent in the department of Medicine, LLR and Associated Hospitals, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur from December 2015 to October 2017. All patient underwent full investigations to make the diagnosis of ascites malignant (20) and non-malignant (n=54), tubercular (7) and non-tubercular (47) groups. Six patients were excluded because the ascitic fluid analysis was suggestive of bacterial peritonitis. The data was processed in MS Excel and analysis was carried out using SPSS (23th version).Results: Author found that the mean value of ascitic fluid cholesterol in malignant group was 100.85+34.28 vs 6.7+2.5 in non-malignant group (p value <0.01) and the mean value of ascitic fluid cholesterol in malignant group was 100.80+34.28 vs 32.43+15.7 in tubercular group, so ascitic fluid cholesterol is highly specific (100%) and sensitive (65%) at cut off value of 100mg/dl in differentiating benign and malignant cause of ascites.Conclusions: Ascitic fluid cholesterol having high specificity, can be used for differentiating between non-malignant and malignant ascites. It can also be used to differentiate tubercular ascites from malignant ascites.

scholarly journals Small RNAs as biomarkers to differentiate benign and malign prostate diseases: An alternative for transrectal punch biopsy of the prostate?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247930
Author(s):  
Lukas Markert ◽  
Jonas Holdmann ◽  
Claudia Klinger ◽  
Michael Kaufmann ◽  
Karin Schork ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Punch Biopsy ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
P Value ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Prostate Diseases ◽  
Exosomal Mirna ◽  
Benign Prostate

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer and the third most frequent cause of male cancer death in Germany. MicroRNAs (miRNA) appear to be involved in the development and progression of PCa. A diagnostic differentiation from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is often only possible through transrectal punch biopsy. This procedure is described as painful and carries risks. It was investigated whether urinary miRNAs can be used as biomarkers to differentiate the prostate diseases above. Therefore urine samples from urological patients with BPH (25) or PCa (28) were analysed using Next-Generation Sequencing to detect the expression profile of total and exosomal miRNA/piRNA. 79 miRNAs and 5 piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) were significantly differentially expressed (adjusted p-value < 0.05 and log2-Fc > 1 or < -1). Of these, 6 miRNAs and 2 piRNAs could be statistically validated (AUC on test cohort > = 0.7). In addition, machine-learning algorithms were used to identify a panel of 22 additional miRNAs, whose interaction makes it possible to differentiate the groups as well. There are promising individual candidates for potential use as biomarkers in prostate cancer. The innovative approach of applying machine learning methods to this kind of data could lead to further small RNAs coming into scientific focus, which have so far been neglected.

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