scholarly journals خسائر المنتجات النفطية في ظل احتلال داعش

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212
Author(s):  
مجاد الجبوري
Keyword(s):  
Production Capacity ◽  
Import Price ◽  
International Market ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
The North ◽  
Actual Production ◽  
Imported Oil ◽  
Financial Losses

Due to the ISIS criminal gangs’ occupation of North Refineries Company, it went under sever destruction (destruction was up to 80% in some refineries,) starting from human and infrastructure losses, up to oil produced. This study has dealt with the loss of oil products only, because of ISIS Criminal gangs’ occupation of refiners and stolen all the oil products from it. The North Refinery Company includes - six refineries in Baiji refinery complex - and other five external refineries in several governorates. The total production capacity of the North Refinery Company reached 412,000 barrels per day, and the actual production of the refineries 326,650 barrels per day. The ISIS gangs theft the oil products which stored in refineries where the value of oil products sales reached (156) billion Iraqi Dinars (IQD). Since the Oil Products which are produced by the company are for domestic or export consumption as reported in this research, the quantities of production were considered as daily sales. Where the value of oil products sales reached ( 14,350 ) billion IQD per day. Here, the magnitude of the disaster is evident in the losses of oil products. The figure above represents the financial losses for one day only. The research showed the volume of these losses, that lasted for more than three years and are still ongoing. To compensate the shortage due to the occupation of the refineries and lack of production,the Ministry of Oil imported oil products [from international market] to meet the shortfall in domestic consumption; given that the import price is more than double the price of local products. So, this can be considered as an added loss to the losses of oil products calculated in this research.

scholarly journals Monitoring water fluxes in rice plots under three different cultivation methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Antonio Chiaradia ◽  
Daniele Ferrari ◽  
Gian Battista Bischetti ◽  
Arianna Facchi ◽  
Olfa Gharsallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Level Gauge ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Wireless Data ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
The North

Italy is the leading producer of rice in Europe with over half of total production, almost totally concentrated in a large traditional paddy rice area between the Lombardy and Piedmont regions, in the north-western part of the country. In this area irrigation of rice has been traditionally carried out by flooding. The introduction of new combined irrigation and agronomic management practices (dry seeding followed by field flooding and in a full aerobic cultivation with intermittent irrigations), aiming to reduce the water consumption, can determine considerable effect on the landscape and the water cycle. With the aim to study in depth the water fluxes during the whole crop season, three experimental plots at the Ente Nazionale Risi-Rice Research Centre’s Experimental Station of Castello d’Agogna (PV) were instrumented. In each plot the following instruments have been installed: 1) a long throated flume and a double shaped (V-notch and rectangular) thin plate for superficial inputs and outputs, 3) a set of piezometers for groundwater levels, 4) one stage level gauge in each submerged field, 5) four tensiometers and moisture sensors clusters, 6) one eddy covariance station for vapour fluxes estimation. Most of the instruments were equipped with electrical sensors connected by cables to a wireless data logger that, in turn, send the data to a PC placed within ENR offices and web-connected by a LAN. In this way, besides the automatic download of data, it was possible to remotely control the devices, to quickly fix troubles, and to better plan the field trips. The management of the whole framework was done by a specifically developed software. In this paper the whole system, which presents some degree of innovation, is described in detail.

scholarly journals Gas Injection Optimization to Increase Oil Production at MRA PT. PHE ONWJ

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Harry Budiharjo Sulistyarso ◽  
KRT Nur Suhascaryo ◽  
Mochamad Jalal Abdul Goni
Keyword(s):  
Gas Injection ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Feasibility Analysis ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Total Production ◽  
The North ◽  
Artificial Lift ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Java Sea ◽  
Gas Lift

The MRA platform is one of the offshore platforms located in the north of the Java Sea. The MRA platform has 4 production wells, namely MRA-2ST, MRA-4ST, MRA-5, and MRA-6 wells. The 4 production wells are produced using an artificial lift in the form of a gas lift. The limited gas lift at the MRA Platform at 3.1 MMSCFD makes the production of wells at the MRA Platform not optimal because the wells in the MRA Platform are experiencing insufficient gas lift. Optimization of gas lift injection is obtained by redistribution of gas lift injection for each. The results of the analysis in this study indicate that the optimum gas lift injection for the MRA-2ST well is 0.5552 MMSCFD, the MRA-6 well is 1.0445 MMSCFD, the MRA-5 well is 0.7657 MMSCFD, finally the MRA-4ST well with gas injection. lift is 0.7346 MMSCFD. The manual gas lift in the MRA-4ST is also replaced based on an economic feasibility analysis to ensure that the gas lift injection for each well can be kept constant. The redistribution of gas lift carried out by the author has increased the total production rate of the MRA Platform by 11,160 BO/year or approximately USD 781,200/year. Keywords: Gas lift; Insufficient; Optimization

CENTESIL: A Pilot Plant for R&D in Polysilicon

2009 ◽  
Vol 1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos del Cañizo ◽  
Araceli Rodríguez ◽  
Gabriel Ovejero ◽  
Antonio Luque
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Independent Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Solar Cell Technology

AbstractThe tremendous expansion and the relative avidity for silicon of the solar cell technology has resulted in a dramatic change of the polysilicon industry structure. While in the past the polysilicon was manufactured almost exclusively for the semiconductor industry, in 2008 around 67% of the total production was consumed by the solar industry. The consequence is that while in 2000 virtually only 7 companies supplied all the polysilicon consumed worldwide, in 2008 there were 11 major suppliers and numerous new ventures entering this market. Based on this in 2006 CENTESIL was founded as a new private-public partnership venture to deal with the polysilicon research. For it, a pilot plant is in advanced state of construction that has been preceded of some laboratory-size implementations. The pilot plant is designed for a production capacity of 60 kmol of trichlorosilane per day and 2 t of purified silicon per batch at the CVD reactor. The purpose is to allow the photovoltaic companies worldwide to count with an independent research centre to help them to establish their own polysilicon plant. The R&D activities already carried out by CENTESIL and the present status of the project are discussed in the paper.

Production Control Strategy and its Parameters Optimization for a Two-Stage Production System

2013 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 1223-1228
Author(s):  
Hai Xia Wang ◽  
Le Cao ◽  
Ping Yan
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Control ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Threshold Control ◽  
System A ◽  
Standby System

On-off of the standby system is an important factor that influences the performance of the production system. A dual threshold control strategy based on the on-off control of the standby system is proposed for the optimal control of the two-stage production system for which the last stage has stochastic production capacity. A control parameters optimization model is built with the objective of minimizing the total production cost, and a genetic algorithm is adopted to resolve the optimization problem. Finally, an example is taken to validate the effectiveness of the proposed dual threshold control strategy and the parameter optimization algorithm.

Irish Bronze Age Horns and their relations with Northern Europe

1963 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 326-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Coles
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Wind Instruments ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
The North ◽  
Actual Production ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Bronze Age

One of the features of the Irish Late Bronze Age is the appearance of wind instruments, commonly called ‘Trumpets’, often found in groups and only rarely in association with other material. Being conical and curved, these are therefore members of the horn family, to which the other large musical group of the Bronze Age, the north Europeanlurer, also belong.The Irish horns have attracted the attention of antiquarians for over 100 years, with the principal collection and listing of these beginning in 1860. Evans devoted a section of his 1881 book to the ‘trumpets’, and was followed by Day, Allen and Coffey. The latest treatment, which brought together most of the previous lists of horns, was by MacWhite in 1945. All of these later works were primarily concerned with the typology of the horns, and attention was paid neither to their actual production nor to their music. In the present study, all previously published horns have been examined where possible, as well as a number of unpublished finds, and an attempt will be made not only (i) to describe the typological variations and dating of the horns, but also (ii) to discuss their production as objects from Late Bronze Age workshops and (iii) to consider for the first time their musical potential.

scholarly journals ЗДІЙСНЕННЯ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ МАРКЕТИНГОВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Олена В. Птащенко ◽  
Ірина В. Литовченко ◽  
Юлія В. Григорова
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
International Marketing ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
International Market ◽  
Sales Promotion ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Technology Markets ◽  
Productivity And Competitiveness

The paper discusses the key aspects of marketing activities in the international market, provides insights into the specifics of international marketing, the major types of business activity and the production factors (capital, labour, raw materials, management, information, technology, markets), and the way they are organized worldwide. It is argued that in the new realia, gaining a required level of productivity and competitiveness becomes possible only within the frameworks of an integrated global network. In the context of national enterprises, the process of globalization, on the one hand, could be viewed as increased competition, while on the other – as the opportunity to enter new markets. The success of companies' penetration into international markets largely depends on their objectivity and competence to explore developed market segments, as well as on the ability to choose an effective marketing strategy to achieve this goal. Within the scope of this study, international marketing is considered as the respond of international market participants to the immediate processes of growth and expansion of partnerships, growth of production capacity, rapid renewal of product assortment, frequent changes in the nature and structure of market demand, market fluctuations, increased competition, production expansion, and enhanced quality of information support. All this ensures systemic, regular and dynamic activities in the international market at different stages of product and services consumer sales promotion.

scholarly journals Influence of Total Production on the Planting Structure of Significant Vegetable Crops in the Republic of Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Dragana Tekić ◽  
Nebojša Novković ◽  
Beba Mutavdžić ◽  
Maja Pokuševski ◽  
Tihomir Zoranović
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Area ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Actual Production ◽  
Potential Relationship ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
The Republic

Summary The purpose of this paper is to examine, on the basis of the total production and distribution area parameters analyzed, a potential relationship between the actual production of major vegetable crops in Serbia in the current year and the following year’s distribution of planting areas devoted to the crops considered. The analysis was performed for the period 2005-2019. The results obtained indicate that the current year’s production of certain vegetable crops such as potatoes, cabbage, kale, peppers and beans affect the following year’s distribution of their planting areas.

scholarly journals PERANCANGAN AWAL PABRIK BIOHIDROGEN DARI LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN FERMENTASI ANAEROBIK PADA KONDISI TERMOFILIK

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Bambang Trisakti ◽  
Irvan ◽  
Hari Tiarasti ◽  
Irma Suraya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Net Income ◽  
The Government ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
Product Sales

Indonesia has a lot of natural resources which is deficient to fulfill the energy demand of consumers, particularly fuel. Therefore, the government keeps on promoting the search for alternative energy. One of these is hydrogen. Hydrogen is an environmental friendly product that does not produce carbon emissions. In the formation of hydrogen we can use carbohydrate-rich waste as a raw material and by using fermentation process. However, it is still limited research only. So this encourage us to design biohydrogen plant from palm oil mill effluent (POME) with the conditions of thermophilic anaerobic fermentation in order to accomplish the needs of consumers and contribute in developing clean technologies. For the production capacity of 495.1694 tons / year, the total investment required to build a factory of biohydrogen in Indonesia is Rp. 507,190,573,523, - with a total production cost of Rp. 354,636,600,139, -. Parameter feasibility of the production capacity of 495.1694 tons / year is the total product sales of Rp 174,261,989.701, - and net income 180,030,185,327, -. Profit Margin (PM) 41.9% Break Even Point (BEP) 45.24%, Return on Investment (ROI) 35.5%, Pay Out Time (POT) 2.82 years, Return of Network (RON) 59.16%, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 53.52 %.

The Canadian Connection in the North American Hardwood Lumber Export Market

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-93
Author(s):  
William G. Luppold
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North American ◽  
International Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Export Market ◽  
The North ◽  
Hardwood Lumber

Abstract Canada has consistently been the largest international market for U.S. hardwood lumber in both value and volume terms. Although much of the lumber shipped to Canada is used by Canadian industries, a significant amount is re-exported to Europe by Canadian brokers and wholesalers. In addition, 10 to 20% of U S. hardwood lumber exports to Europe are transshipped through Canadian ports. Most exports to Canada and transshipments through Canada exit the United States at inland points in the Northeast. This paper provides an alternative look at exports of lumber from the United States to Canada and examines the connection between Canada and U.S. exports to Europe. However, the volume of U.S. lumber and logs reprocessed in Canada and then exported is not known. North. J. Appl. For. 9(3):91-93.

A Brief Analysis of Global Rare Earth Trade Structure

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 3324-3331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
An Jian Wang ◽  
Jiang Wu Li ◽  
Qi Shen Chen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
International Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Earth Structure ◽  
New Production ◽  
The Past ◽  
Import And Export

Since a large number of cheap rare earth from China entered the international market in the late 1980s, the rare earth structure in world started to change, and China replaced the United States as the largest rare earth producer and exporter. However, due to Chinas rare earth management and other factors, rare earth prices have rebounded. The foreign rare earth new production capacity is about to increase production in recent years, and the global rare earth structure will change in the future. Through analysis of rare earth import and export, as well as rare earth prices over the past decades in three major trading countries, China, Japan and the United States, this article points out that the diversified pattern of global rare earth supply will be formed, and China will continue to be the main supplier of the worlds rare earth. China should abandon the practice of one to support the global market in the past, and create a harmonious international trade environment.

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