scholarly journals Historical identity in the coordinate system of world development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polina Gerchanivska
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Community ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Historical Identity ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
Sociocultural Systems

The purpose of the article is to conceptualize the phenomena of «ethnic» and «national» identity and to determine the vectors of their development. Research methods are based on the fundamental principles of historical and cultural analysis. The methodological core of the research is a comparative analysis of ethnic and national identities in the chronotype as complex sociocultural systems. The scientific novelty lies in the conceptualization of the ethnonational identity dichotomy through the prism of the cultural code. It is substantiated that in the conditions of modern modernization, the ratio between the ethnic and national components of identity depends on the direction of their development vectors: a) when the vectors are parallel and equally oriented (for example, one of the ethnic communities monopolizes power), there is a reduction of national identity to ethnic one; b) when the vectors are parallel, but oppositely oriented (for example, when an ethnic community seeks to recognize its right to political self-determination), national identity collides with the interests of the ethnic community, entering into confrontation with it. Conclusions. Within the framework of constructivism, the phenomenon of ethnic identity is analyzed as a social construct and the factors of deviation from this model are revealed (in particular, adaptation to the environment, acculturation, violation of the demographic balance between different groups), causing its variability. The systemic characteristics and the main conceptual components of national identity (internal and external) are analyzed, factors of the weakening of social ties due to the processes of globalization, the growth of entropy, and information expansion in society are identified. Typical models of interaction of ethnic and national identities are considered. Keywords: ethnic identity, national identity, cultural code, ethnos, nation.

Rag Doll Nations and the Politics of Differentiation on Arbitrary Borders: Karelia and Moldova*

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Lawrence Schrad
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
The State ◽  
Ethnic Community ◽  
National Identities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interesting Aspect ◽  
Territorial Boundaries ◽  
Shed Light

“Tell a man today to go and build a state,” Samuel Finer once stated, “and he will try to establish a definite and defensible boundary and compel those who live inside it to obey him.” While at best an oversimplification, Finer's insight illuminates an interesting aspect of state-society relations. Who is it that builds the state? How and where do they establish territorial boundaries, and how are those who live within that territory compelled to obey? Generally speaking, these are the questions that will be addressed here. Of more immediate concern is the fate of peoples located in regions where arbitrary land boundaries fall. Are they made loyal to the state through coercion or by their own compulsions? More importantly, how are their identities shaped by the efforts of the state to differentiate them from their compatriots on the other side of the borders? How is the shift from ethnic to national identities undertaken? A parallel elaboration of the national histories of the populations of Karelia and Moldova will shed light on these questions. The histories of each group are marked by a myriad of attempts to differentiate the identity of each ethnic community from their compatriots beyond the state's borders. The results of such overt, state-initiated efforts to differentiate borderland populations by encouraging a national identity at the expense of the ethnic, has ranged from the mundane to the tragic—from uneventful assimilation to persecution and even genocide. As an illustration of the range of possibilities and processes, I maintain that the tragedies of Karelia and Moldova are not exceptional, but rather are a consequence of their geographical straddling of arbitrary borders, and the need for the state to promote a distinctive national identity for these populations to differentiate them socially from their compatriots beyond the frontier.

scholarly journals A Longitudinal Investigation of the Ethnic and National Identities of Children With Migration Background in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Froehlich ◽  
Sarah E. Martiny ◽  
Kay Deaux
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Identity Development ◽  
Migration Background ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Minority Children ◽  
Dual Identities ◽  
Social Identity Development ◽  
Ethnic Minority Children

Abstract. How immigrants define their ethnicity and nationality is relevant for integration: They can identify with their ethnic group, the receiving society, and a combination of both. A longitudinal study with elementary-school children with migration background ( N = 200; age 9–10) in Germany investigated the predictors and stability of ethnic and national identities. Ethnic identity was more highly endorsed than national identity. National and dual identities were compatible (i.e., positively related), whereas ethnic identity was compartmentalized (i.e., unrelated to national and dual identities). Contact with Germans predicted national identity over time, but not vice versa. Thus, the study contributes to a better understanding of multiple social identities of young ethnic minority children in light of social psychological theories of social identity development.

Mexican American

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-104
Author(s):  
Edward Telles ◽  
Christina A. Sue
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Ethnic Identities ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Individual

This chapter assesses whether U.S.-born Mexican Americans feel American or a part of American society, even though they have been portrayed as threats to Americanism and have had their allegiance questioned. It also considers how their ethnic identity affects their sense of Americanness. For the respondents, they in no way perceive their ethnic and national identities as being mutually exclusive; to the contrary, they find these identities to be highly compatible and complementary. They define Americanness in terms of birthplace, political loyalty, and economic opportunities; they define Mexicanness in terms of culture, family, and ancestral background. Moreover, the vast majority of the respondents view national identity as their primary identity, something that is constant, natural, and unquestioned, whereas their ethnic identities vary in intensity, depending on the individual and the situation.

scholarly journals Mutual Cooperation Culture of Pakpak Ethnic Communities North Sumatera: As Far As The Student Understands It?

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hodriani ◽  
Julia Ivanna ◽  
Surya Dharma
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Ethnic Community ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
North Sumatra

The biggest challenge of the Indonesian people today is the weakening of national identity, which is marked by the fading sense of social solidarity. Egocentrism behavior is often seen and become something that is common in today's patterns of social relations. The culture of gotong royong is no longer used as a community tradition that is the wealth of the archipelago. This challenge is increasingly apparent because most of the younger generation seems to lack the awareness to preserve various traditions of the Indonesian community's gotong royong. Though gotong royong is a character as well as the national identity of the Indonesian nation that distinguishes it from other nations. Starting from this background, this study aims to find out how students' understanding of the mutual cooperation culture in the Pakpak ethnic community of North Sumatra. This research uses descriptive analytical method. The research subjects were Civic Education and Pancasila Department, University of Medan State. The results showed that the low understanding of students towards various cultures of gotong royong carried out by the Pakpak ethnic community in North Sumatra. This affects the mindset and actions of students to understand and preserve various cultures of gotong royong. From the results of this study it is necessary to develop a learning model that is able to build student awareness of gotong royong culture. The results showed that the low understanding of students towards various cultures of gotong royong carried out by the Pakpak ethnic community in North Sumatra. This affects the mindset and actions of students to understand and preserve various cultures of gotong royong. From the results of this study it is necessary to develop a learning model that is able to build student awareness of gotong royong culture. The results showed that the low understanding of students towards various cultures of gotong royong carried out by the Pakpak ethnic community in North Sumatra. This affects the mindset and actions of students to understand and preserve various cultures of gotong royong. From the results of this study it is necessary to develop a learning model that is able to build student awareness of gotong royong culture.

A new look at ‘National Identity’ How should we think about ‘collective’ or ‘national identities’? Are there two types of national identities? Does Germany have an ethnic identity, and is it different?

2002 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERNHARD PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
National Identity ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
New Look

There is a notorious typology of ‘conceptions of nationhood’, which opposes ‘ethnocultural’ conceptions to political or ‘civic’ conceptions of nationhood. Analytically, the typology is unsatisfactory, as are its normative and explanatory applications. A more multidimensional analysis of elements of national identity is proposed, which clarifies some possible meanings of ‘ethnic’, ‘cultural’ and ‘political’ in this context. These considerations are then applied to the case of German national identity.

The Multiculturalism of Fear. By Jacob T. Levy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. 268p. $29.95.

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
Jeff Spinner-Halev
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Ethnic Politics ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Oxford University Press

Jacob Levy argues that the multiculturalism of fear is meant to supplement, not displace, the multiculturalism of rights. Running against many recent celebrations of ethnic identity, Levy is wary of the effects that ethnic (which includes national) identity can have. Too often ethnic politics are cruel and conflictual. Levy is skeptical that a world where everyone's ethnic identity is politically recognized can be peaceful and harmonious. Yet neither can we simply wish ethnic identity away. While cultural identities are socially constructed, they are very much part of our world and so they must be dealt with. “The multiculturalism of fear,” Levy writes, “does see ethnic communities as morally important and distinctive, not because of what they provide for individuals, but because of what they risk doing to common social and political life” (p. 33).

scholarly journals Azerbaijanis in the multiethnic environment of Samara: factors of ethnocultural identity

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
Yury Nikolaevich Shirinskikh
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Ethnic Community ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
Migrant Communities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cohesive Group

Increased cultural contacts between representatives of different ethnic groups affect the process of self-identification of their members. Especially it concerns migrant communities. Examination of the problem of ethnicity is especially important due to the fact that the ethnic community exists until there are ethnoconsolidating factors. Within the framework of this research factors of Samaras Azerbaijanis ethnic identity were revealed. Representatives of the Azerbaijani community of Samara base their own identity on differential features. Language is the most important factor of ethnic identity. The Azerbaijani language is the most functional in communication with relatives, friends and acquaintances, in the family. The intensity of intra-ethnic contacts leads to the necessity of language skills and stimulates stable reproduction of the ethnic group. Language skills are transmitted to children from their parents and older relatives. Traditional family structure, traditional food, holidays and mourning days are also factors of ethnic identity of Samaras Azerbaijanis. These components allow Samara Azerbaijanis to realize their national identity and to preserve themselves as a cohesive group. Azerbaijanis of Samara realize the importance of these identity factors whose preservation is one of the main aims of national and cultural associations.

scholarly journals Ethnicity, National Identity and the State: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 757-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliott Green
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
The State ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Politics ◽  
The Core ◽  
National Identification ◽  
Sub Saharan

The process by which people transfer their allegiance from ethnic to national identities is highly topical yet somewhat opaque. This article argues that one of the key determinants of national identification is membership in a ‘core’ ethnic group, or Staatsvolk, and whether or not that group is in power. It uses the example of Uganda as well as Afrobarometer data to show that, when the core ethnic group is in power (as measured by the ethnic identity of the president), members of this group identify more with the nation, but when this group is out of power members identify more with their ethnic group. This finding has important implications for the study of nationalism, ethnicity and African politics.

Identidade nacional na literatura brasileira

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (28-30) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Maria José Somerlate Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Brazilian Literature ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Social Inequities ◽  
And Gender

RESUMO: Este ensaio mapeia dezoito textos da literatura brasileira (poesia, prosa e teatro) examinando certas facetas e aspectos de envelhecer como um construto social. Analisa o conceito de envelhecimento e idade avançada como uma "margem" ignorada na construção de identidades nacionais, levando em consideração que imagens relacionadas com classe social, idade, raça e sexo não formam por si mesmas uma identidade nacional. Mas, essas imagens espelham a interação contínua, entre significante e significado cultural, tornando-se representações icônicas, indéxicas e/ou simbólicas do conceito de nação. Este estudo discute em maiores detalhes: a) textos e contextos que reforçam as ideologias da gratidão e do respeito, do amor-próprio, da (in)utilidade e (im)produtividade, do conhecimento e da experiência; b) textos que se tornam contra-discursos, desestabilizando as bases que sustentam tais valores ideológicos; c) o significado que "velhice"/"envelhecer" adquire sob o impacto de fatores socioculturais; d) algumas discriminações e julgamentos passados sobre "velhice", comparando e contrastando tais posicionamentos com os preconceitos sobre raça, classe e sexo.ABSTRACT: This study surveys eighteen texts (poetry, prose, and theater) from Brazilian literature, analyzing certain facets and features of aging as a social construct. It addresses the concept of aging and old age as an ignored margin in the construction of national identities, while considering that images related to age, class, gender, and race do not constitute in themselves a national identity. However, these images reflect the interaction between the cultural signifier and signified, becoming iconic, indexial and/or symbolic represenlations of the concept of a nation. This study discusses in more details: a) texts and contexts that reinforce the ideologies of gratitude and respect, self-esteem, (in)utility, (non)productivity, knowledge, and experience. This paper also: a) looks at other texts which become counter-discourses, destabilizing the bases that support such ideological values; b) the impacts and the meanings that age/aging acquires as it is influenced by cultural and social factors; c) the discriminations, judgements, prejudices, and other social inequities that aging undergoes, comparing and contrasting them to those displayed toward race, class, and gender.

National Identity, Ethnic Surnames and the State

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Scassa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Background ◽  
The State ◽  
Ethnic Communities

AbstractSurnames tend to be indicators of a particular linguistic or ethnic background. For this reason, many states have sought, directly or indirectly, to influence the language of the surnames of their nationals. In this paper, the author demonstrates how surname policies have tended to reflect certain national identity objectives: to assimilate or to segregate particular ethnic communities, or to engage in national building exercises around a shared ethnic identity. These surname policies are particularly interesting in the context of ethnically diverse countries like the United States and Canada. The author draws on examples from these countries to illustrate how attitudes towards surnames reflect the inclusion or exclusion of particular communities from articulations of a national identity.

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