scholarly journals Restructuring of state-owned enterprises – The drive to the restructuring of the economy

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
Luan Van Nguyen ◽  
Hai Van Ngo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Strong Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
Restructuring Process

State-owned enterprises are always a key object of both theory and practice in the Vietnamese socialist-oriented market economy. In the past few years, state-owned enterprises have played an important role in the economic development of Vietnam. They have had a strong growth and constant innovation, meeting better the requirements of economic development and integration. However, in the last years, state-owned enterprises are faced with difficulties and challenges: many enterprises are inefficient in operations and management and suffer from a high amount of bad debts. This paper presents the theoretical basis of the existence, development and role of state-owned enterprises in the Vietnam’s socialist-oriented market economy, analyzes and assesses the accomplishments, shortcomings and limitations of Vietnamese state-owned enterprises in the economic transition period as well as proposes solutions to boost the restructuring process of state-owned enterprises which is a drive to restructure the economy in the manner of enhancing quality, efficiency and competitiveness of the economy.

The Concept of the ‘Living Constitution’ in Russian Constitutional Theory and Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 416-445
Author(s):  
Caroline von Gall
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Constitutional Theory ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
Margin Of Appreciation

Abstract In discussing the concept of the ‘living constitution’ in Russian constitutional theory and practice, this paper shows that the Russian concept of the living constitution differs from U.S. or European approaches to evolutive interpretation. The Russian concept has its roots in Soviet and pre-revolutionary Russian constitutional thinking. It reduces the normative power of the Constitution but allows an interpretation according to changing social conditions and gives the legislator a broad margin of appreciation. Whereas the 1993 Russian constitutional reform had been regarded as a paradigm shift with the intention to break with the past by declaring that the Constitution shall have supreme judicial force and direct effect, the paper also gives answers to the complexity of constitutional change and legal transplants and the role of constitutional theory and practice for the functioning of the current authoritarian regime in Russia.

ON THE WAY TO AN INNOVATIVE ECONOMY: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (65) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Anatoly I. Kotov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Implementation Period ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Innovative Economy

Recognizing the special role of innovations in ensuring the economic development of Russia, the state authorities have been intensively looking for ways and means to strengthen innovation activity in Russia over the past decade. The main document proclaiming the goals and main directions of innovation policy is the Strategy of innovative development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020. Due to the fact that the implementation period has expired, the author analyzes the achievement of the goals and indicators defined in the strategy, and also draws some conclusions about the outcomes obtained by the analysis of the development of innovation activity in Russia.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF COOPERATION OF DOMESTIC BUSINESS WITH TNCS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Busarieva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Knowledge Resources ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
Qualitative State ◽  
Economic Ties

At the beginning of the XXI century it can be argued that the formation of Ukrainian corporations can become one of the strategic priorities of public policy, which, provided the appropriate external environment, will increase the competitiveness of the economy and through the exclusive capabilities of national corporations development of Ukrainian economic structures, internationalization of their production and capital, integration of Ukraine into the world economy, its participation in global transformation processes. Promoting the generation of knowledge resources in Ukraine is determined mainly by increasing the competitiveness of both individual regions and the state as a whole. At the same time, the region’s ability to produce knowledge, in particular scientific knowledge, implement it and use it effectively to achieve effective socio-economic development are now becoming the main factors ensuring positive dynamics of economic development of regions along with traditional sources – investment and human labor. And Ukraine is no exception, as in terms of analysis of the preconditions for the formation of the knowledge economy in Ukraine, it can be argued that the modern domestic economy is in a new qualitative state, which is associated with changing economic conditions due to introduction of new, high technology in production, expansion of information space, mobility of capital, increasing the role of creativity, creative work, increasing the role of theoretical knowledge. As a result, one of the primary challenges facing the companies of the independent sovereign state of Ukraine at the beginning of the transition period was to restore the supply chain and find new markets in order to use excess production capacity. The emergence and nature of the activities of corporations in the Ukrainian market are influenced primarily by the volume of the domestic market; adequate structure of “free” labor (the region has significant resources of both qualified personnel and cheap labor needed to organize mass production; traditionally close economic ties between the countries).

Reaching the New Tourist Through Creativity

2022 ◽  
pp. 231-245
Author(s):  
Christian Stipanović ◽  
Elena Rudan ◽  
Vedran Zubović
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Opening Up

In today's modern world, creative expression is opening up new dimensions of business and new opportunities for economic development. One field of economic activities in which this is evident is tourism. Creativity in tourist destinations can be viewed in different ways, for example, through creative action (undertaken by destination management, residents, entrepreneurs, and tourists) and through creative spaces and creative events. Creativity plays a vital role in all elements involved in the creation of a destination's offering, regardless of which form of tourism is the focus of development efforts. Given the growing role of self-actualisation of individuals in society and the displaying of social status, creativity has in the past 20 years begun to positively impact on economy activities taking place in tourist destinations. Creativity is especially important in developing cultural tourism in all its sub-types, where it is seen as a means of animating and adding value to cultural heritage locations.

scholarly journals Industrial strategy and local economic development: The case of the foundry industry in Ekurhuleni Metro

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Phele ◽  
S Roberts ◽  
I Steuart
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Foundry Industry ◽  
The Past ◽  
Concrete Action

This  article explores the challenges for the development of manufacturing through a case study of the foundry industry in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality. Ekurhuleni Metro covers the largest concentration in South Africa, but the industry’s performance has been poor over the past decade.  The findings reported here highlight the need to understand firm decisions around investment, technology and skills, and the role of local economic linkages in this regard.  The differing performance of foundries strongly supports the need to develop concrete action plans and effective institutions at local level to support the development of local agglomerations.

Ghana, 1982–6: the Politics of the P.N.D.C.

1987 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baffour Agyeman-Duah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Military Leaders ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Coups D'etat

The history of the past three decades in Africa would seem to confirm that the rôle of the military in political and economic development may no longer be considered transient. Armed interventions have become institutionalised, if not constitutionalised, in many African states. By December 1985 no less than 60 successful and 71 attempted coups d'état had occurred in 37 states since January 1956.1 Just as most of the first generation of African politicians chose ‘socialism’ to explain and justify their policies, so ‘revolution’ has become the rallying cry for the military leaders, even though they have often quickly been content just to ‘take over’, and not to transform, the previous civilian régime.

scholarly journals The Role of Marketing and Business Approach on SME Development

Ekonomika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Hykmete Bajrami ◽  
Vjosa Fejza
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Foreign Assistance ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Government ◽  
Business Approach

Almost two decades after the war, Kosovo is an import-based consumption economy. Its weak export does not get any closer to imports, and this makes the country dependent on foreign assistance and remittances. The structure of the economy, with trade as a dominating undertaking, a sustenance-based agricultur,e and very limited production facilities, is a very fragile ground for economic development. Incentives to attract FDI were not competitive with neighboring countries and the country development is still lagging behind. In this respect, the lack of a proper marketing and business approach is present too. Theory and practice from developed countries show that firms that want to increase sales produce what is needed or/and wanted from costumers. In most of the market economy countries, when one wants to engage in business, the first step to start is market research; this rarely happens in Kosovo, people go in business almost ad hoc. Evidence shows that firms do neglect marketing by being mainly sales-oriented; they do produce what they think is good for the costumers and then use lots of resources to convince them that this is what they need. In general, this paper analyses the dynamics of economic development in Kosovo in post-conflict time, the government efforts to change the economic structure, its constraints with emphasis on perception of marketing and the role of consumers for SMEs in the country. In particular, the paper tries to explain why companies need to change their way of doing business; hence, it recommends the change of their business approach. The research, done with 200 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Kosovo, shows there are rather few firms that understand marketing and through it fight competition and strive to establish long-term relationships with their customers.

scholarly journals The integration between and common prosperity of government and market: China's experience of economic development

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-366
Author(s):  
Leming Hu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Emerging Market Economies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Economies ◽  
Economic Liberalism ◽  
Government And Market ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe relationship between government and market is the key to the economic development performance of market economy countries. Due to the limits such as the state/market dichotomy, the focus on static allocation efficiency and the ignorance of the diversity of the market economy and the relationship between government and market, economic liberalism and state interventionism can hardly position and explain the role and evolution of government and market in the real world accurately.Design/methodology/approachChina’s economic transition has always adhered to the reform direction of the socialist market economy and the development goal of a modern socialist country as well as the symbiosis and positive and progressive evolution of government and market, blazing a “third way” in handling the relationship between government and market.FindingsThe “China’s experience” shows that the key for emerging market economies to achieve good economic development performance lies in whether they can build a new relationship of the mutual integration between and common prosperity of government and market regarding target selection, production organisation, technological innovation, institutional change and regulatory adjustment.Originality/valueThe second part of this paper analyses the inherent defects of economic liberalism and state interventionism as well as the reasons why they can hardly be adopted as the theoretical guidance for emerging market economies to handle the relationship between government and market. The third part analyses how China has transcended the inherent thinking of liberalism and interventionism and shaped the new relationship between government and market through goal-oriented, active and progressive, two-way interactive exploration and practice to ensure the success of China's economic transition.

scholarly journals MARKET UPDATE IN POST-SOVIET KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anar Mami ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Mixed Economy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article examines the results of market reforms in Kazakhstan in the post-Soviet period, comparing the past and present. For 30 years, the market economy has decided only some of the most pressing issues of the economy. The full transition to private ownership, which began in the 1990s, is already in its infancy. To get out of the current crisis in Kazakhstan, it is necessary to change the direction of economic development. The state must take responsibility for these changes. The result in the country should be a model of mixed economy, offering different forms of ownership. At the same time, the state must control the spheres that facilitate the lives of people and play a key role in the security of the country.

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