scholarly journals Trade relationship between Vietnam and Japan: Current situation and trend

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (Q2) ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
Loc Tuan Le
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trading Partner ◽  
Trade Intensity ◽  
Trade Volume ◽  
Trade Relationship ◽  
Economic Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

Using the Comparative Advantage Theory, models to evaluate trade relationship and data of the United Nations, the study analyzes the relationship between Vietnam and Japan in the period 2001 -2015. Japan is the largest trading partner of Vietnam with trade volume steadily increasing and equal bilateral trade volumes. Results indicate that the high Vietnam – Japan trade intensity reflects the importance of Japan to Vietnam in international trade. The bilateral trade of these two countries tends to be extraindustry, to which Vietnam exports to Japan comparative advantage products such as agricultural and labor-intensive products while Japan exports to Vietnam machine, equipment and input materials. Vietnam – Japan trade relationship is projected to keep expanding owing to continuously improved bilateral political and economic relationship.

scholarly journals ASEAN- Australia Trade Relations by Stages of Processing: Comparative Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Phuong Ha Nguyen ◽  
Long Mong Hoang ◽  
Dung Duy Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trading Partner ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Comparative Theory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
The Ideal

ASEAN and Australia became the dialogue partner in 1974. Over 46 years of cooperation and development, ASEAN- Australia relations have achieved many good results, especially in recent years when two sides participate in several free trade agreements (FTAs) at bilateral levels and multilateral levels. In 2014, Australia and ASEAN formally became strategic partners, recognizing the importance of the relationship in building mutual benefits. Participation in FTAs and relationship upgrading has helped bilateral trade growth. In 2018-2019, Australia was the seventh-largest trading partner of ASEAN and ASEAN was one of Australia's top three trading partner, however, the two sides face many challenges such as the difficulties after the global crisis since 2009, the "spaghetti bowl" phenomenon of joining many agreements at the same time. Thus, to solve these problems, the production and exporting of comparative advantage goods by the stages of processing to participate in an ideal regional supply chain are very important. Based on the comparative theory and supply chain perspectives The paper compared revealed comparative advantage indexes of ASEAN countries and Australia from 2009 through 2018 to find which country in ASEAN is Australia's suitable partner from which provided the ideal effective supply chain distribution. After that, through trade value comparison, the paper examed if ASEAN countries and Australia specialized in production by stages of processing. From the results, appropriate recommendations were provided to enhance the trade relations between ASEAN and Australia.

scholarly journals Volume, intensity and intra-industrial proportion of bilateral trade between Mexico and the United States 1981-2017

Norteamérica ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulce Albarrán Macías
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Intensity ◽  
Trade Volume ◽  
Production Processes

The aim of this paper is to characterize the bilateral trade between Mexico and the United States during the period 1981-2017, highlighting the effects of Mexico's accession to the GATT and the entry into force of NAFTA, as well as the entry of China into the WTO. Although there have been decelerations at some point, results show an increase in trade volume and, consequently, in the intensity of bilateral trade, but in the latter case with some falls resulting from the different growth rates of world trade. Intra-industrial trade, meanwhile, recorded sustained growth, which could reflect a greater vertical integration of production processes. Keywords: trade volume, trade intensity, intra-industrial trade, Grubel and Lloyd index added and corrected, economic integration.

scholarly journals Dissecting Export Trade Patterns of Georgian Economy and the Growing Importance of the European Union Market

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Davit Belkania
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Product Diversification ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Trade Intensity ◽  
Trade Shocks ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Trade Relationship ◽  
Price Instability ◽  
The Eu

From the very beginning of its rebirth after leaving the Soviet Union, Georgia embarked on a transition to a free market economy and linked its fate to western culture. Since then, strengthening the private sector, creating an attractive investment climate, promoting trade liberalization and above all else fostering exports are the main concerns of the country. Thus, as an export-oriented country, close examination of the Georgian export performance is of great importance. Besides the decomposition of general export trends for the period of 2008-2017, this paper applies Balassa index of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) to identify the key export sectors with comparative advantage and correspondingly with higher growth potential; By this shaping the export promotion policy to prioritize those sectors as the main drivers to increase export earnings. Furthermore, the study employed export product diversification index to gauge the convergence degree of Georgian exports structure by products to the structure of the world; as it significantly affects the resistance of a country towards the trade shocks caused by a price instability of the exported commodities. Eventually, the EU-Georgia trade relationship will be assessed through the trade intensity index to check whether the value of trade between the EU and Georgia is corresponding to the expectations based on their importance in world trade. The results show the comparative advantage for nine products (HS4) that account for -60%- of total exports including all the major sectors of Georgian export production. The diversification degree of export products improved over the last decade but still very poor, thus, it is unlikely for Georgia to resist the external trade shocks in case of a price instability of the exported commodities. Furthermore, despite the removal of the main trade barriers between EU and Georgia, it appears that the bilateral trade relationship is characterized by a low-intensity pattern, meaning that there is much to trade between the partners. The problem of low-intensity can be linked to the lack of accessible export-related information that limits the ability of the new entrants to survive. As a result, discouragement of new firms to become exporters limits the diversification of export basket, which in turn negatively affects the level of trade intensity between the trade partners and decreases the potential trade benefits of bilateral agreements.

scholarly journals Bilateral Trades between Egypt and Malaysia: Issues and Opportunities for Further Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Muda ◽  
Siti Nurazira Daud ◽  
Ibrahim Mohamed Ibrahim Eldeeb
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
British Colony ◽  
Trade Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Phenomenological Case Study ◽  
Further Development

Egypt and Malaysia are both belong to the Organization of Islamic Conference (OIC), have similar historical background that both have been under the British colony and have enjoyed independence at almost within the same period. However, trades between the two countries are relatively small and if based on the socio-economic background the magnitude of trades between the two countries can be further improved. This paper traces the historical development of bilateral trade relationship between Egypt and Malaysia in order to understand the strength and weaknesses. The aim is to develop possible proposals for further enhancement of the relationship. The main objective of this paper is to investigate factors that may enhance integration and cooperation between Egypt and Malaysia. The research used qualitative analysis approach by looking at the trade sectors and volumes over the period of 2000-2012, based on the phenomenological case study method. It is found that Egypt and Malaysia enjoyed significant bilateral trade relations since independence of Malaysia in 1957, especially in the fields of culture and education. Because of the appreciation of the Malaysian citizens to the Islamic-based education such as Islamic studies, medicine and pharmacy particularly the world renowned institution of Al-Azhar University, thousands of Malaysians have enrolled and graduated from this university and other related institutions. On the other hand Malaysia is falling behind Argentina, Brazil and India in terms of export to Egypt. However recently, Malaysia has been becoming a popular for the Egyptian tourists. The paper explores a proposal for further improvement in terms of bilateral trades based on Islamic approach.

scholarly journals Trade intensity and revealed comparative advantage: an analysis of Intra-BRICS trade

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1182-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javeria Maryam ◽  
Umer Jeelanie Banday ◽  
Ashok Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Trade Intensity ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
India And China

Purpose In the recent international scenario, the rise of emerging economies, in particular, Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) has gained ample of attention. The global trade flows of the BRICS countries have significantly increased during the last one-and-a-half decade. The purpose of this paper is to examine the intra-BRICS and BRICS–EU trade flows. Design/methodology/approach To study the intensity of trade among BRICS countries and with EU, the Trade Intensity Index is employed for the period 2001–2015. Balassa’s revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index is computed for the assessment of comparative advantages of exports by BRICS countries in the year 2015 in the global markets. A comparative analysis of export similarity is done for India and other BRICS countries in EU. Findings The findings of trade intensity showed large bilateral trade flows among BRICS member. Russia has emerged as the main trading partner with EU in BRICS. For the year 2015, the comparative study of RCA at HS-two digits and HS-four digits classification highlights marginal structural changes in the export composition of these countries. The analysis revealed that Brazil and Russia have comparative advantages in natural resource-based products, while India and China possessed comparative advantages in manufactured and processed products. The export similarity index shows the presence of competition between India and China in EU. Practical implications This paper highlights the need for closer cooperation to promote intra-BRICS trade and to make structural transformations in the basket of trading products by them to have trade benefits at large. Originality/value Numerous studies are available on bilateral trade of BRICS members. However, limited studies are available to get a holistic view of intra-BRICS trade. This paper is an attempt to examine the BRICS countries trade profile both at global levels and within the group.

The Auto Parts-Automotive Chain in Mexico and China: Co-operation Potential?

2012 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 82-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Dussel Peters
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Organization ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Networks ◽  
The Future ◽  
Trade Relationship ◽  
Auto Parts ◽  
Economic Relationship

AbstractMexico's economic relationship with China has intensified substantially in the last decade. Based on an increasing literature on the overall and aggregate relationship, this analysis proposes a detailed examination of the auto parts-automobile chain, which is of utmost importance for both countries and will be significant for understanding the future trade relationship between them. In order to understand the industrial organization of Mexico and China, the article first gives an overview of the international trade and industrial organization patterns. After establishing the characteristics of Mexico's and China's legal framework, production, employment and trade, the analysis concludes with a group of proposals to improve binational co-operation. Both countries – China interested in increasing its export platform based on Chinese parts brands and Mexico supplying parts and components and providing decades of experiences in international networks – can benefit from these suggestions and overcome current tensions.

scholarly journals Dissecting Export Trade Patterns of Georgian Economy and the Growing Importance of the European Union Market

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Davit Belkania
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Product Diversification ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Trade Intensity ◽  
Trade Shocks ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Trade Relationship ◽  
Price Instability ◽  
The Eu

From the very beginning of its rebirth after leaving the Soviet Union, Georgia embarked on a transition to a free market economy and linked its fate to western culture. Since then, strengthening the private sector, creating an attractive investment climate, promoting trade liberalization and above all else fostering exports are the main concerns of the country. Thus, as an export-oriented country, close examination of the Georgian export performance is of great importance. Besides the decomposition of general export trends for the period of 2008-2017, this paper applies Balassa index of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) to identify the key export sectors with comparative advantage and correspondingly with higher growth potential; By this shaping the export promotion policy to prioritize those sectors as the main drivers to increase export earnings. Furthermore, the study employed export product diversification index to gauge the convergence degree of Georgian exports structure by products to the structure of the world; as it significantly affects the resistance of a country towards the trade shocks caused by a price instability of the exported commodities. Eventually, the EU-Georgia trade relationship will be assessed through the trade intensity index to check whether the value of trade between the EU and Georgia is corresponding to the expectations based on their importance in world trade. The results show the comparative advantage for nine products (HS4) that account for -60%- of total exports including all the major sectors of Georgian export production. The diversification degree of export products improved over the last decade but still very poor, thus, it is unlikely for Georgia to resist the external trade shocks in case of a price instability of the exported commodities. Furthermore, despite the removal of the main trade barriers between EU and Georgia, it appears that the bilateral trade relationship is characterized by a low-intensity pattern, meaning that there is much to trade between the partners. The problem of low-intensity can be linked to the lack of accessible export-related information that limits the ability of the new entrants to survive. As a result, discouragement of new firms to become exporters limits the diversification of export basket, which in turn negatively affects the level of trade intensity between the trade partners and decreases the potential trade benefits of bilateral agreements.

scholarly journals India’s Trade Potential and Prospects with Bhutan

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Sadhna Garg
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trading Partner ◽  
Trade Intensity ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Trade Potential ◽  
Sustainable Trade

<div><p><em>Since mid 1990s, India is actively engaging in bilateral and regional negotiations with various countries and blocs to boost trade and level of integration. It has signed numerous agreements and become member.  In South Asia region, India has close and trouble free relations only with landlocked kingdom i.e. Bhutan since 1949 under Treaty of Peace and Friendship. This treaty helped to enhance their integration i.e. free trade agreement (FTA) in goods signed between them in 2006. It is in this context, the present study applies revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and trade intensity index (TII) to explore India’s trade potential and prospects with Bhutan that will tell us either India has trade possibility with Bhutan or not. The major findings of the study showed that India has become the largest trading partner of Bhutan. India has strong and sustainable trade potential with Bhutan. Even India has no specialisation in the export of any product to Bhutan but still exports continued to increase at walking rate. Overall, India has strong trade prospects with Bhutan.</em></p></div>

International Trade in Cotton Textiles and the Developing Countries: Problems -mid Prospects. Report by the UNCTAD Secretariat. New York: United Nations. 1974.

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Kemal
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cotton Textiles ◽  
The Developed Countries

Foreign exchange is one of the major constraints to the growth of the -developing economies. However, demand for primary commodities—main exports of the developing economies—is inelastic. Moreover, the developed countries have put restrictions on imports, from developing countries, of manu¬factured products in which the latter have comparative advantage, e.g., cotton textiles. The Report under review studies the problems of exports from the developing countries in considerable details.

Visualizing bivariate local spatial autocorrelation between commodity revealed comparative advantage index of China and USA from a new space perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 0308518X2095733
Author(s):  
Sijing Ye ◽  
Changxiu Cheng ◽  
Changqing Song ◽  
Shi Shen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Trade Relationship ◽  
New Space ◽  
Relationship Structure ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage Index

The development of trade research plays an important role in enhancing the understanding of the trade relationship structure, evolution and relevant driving factors. While there is little research on analyzing and visualizing bilateral trade patterns and the evolution of numerous kinds of commodities. In this paper, we respectively calculate revealed comparative advantage index (RCAI) of each traded commodity of China and USA in 2017. Then the RCAI of thousands of commodities have been mapped to a two-dimensional space and visualized in a grid system by using digital trade feature map method. On that basis, bivariate local spatial auto-correlation features between China – USA have been comprehensively depicted.

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