BIOCHEMICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RICINUS COMMUNIS LEAF EXTRACT ADMINISTRATION ON LIVER AND KIDNEY IN MICE

Background: Medicinal plants remain the mainstay for primary healthcare. The present study evaluated the effects of sub-acute administration of Ricinus communis fresh leaves’ methanolic extract on the histopathology and biochemistry of the liver and kidney in Swiss albino mice. Methods: 24 male and female mice were randomly assigned into four equal groups. Group I (control) received 5% tween 80 orally, while the treated groups; II, III and IV received oral Ricinus communis extract at 250mg/kg/day, 500mg/kg/day, and 1000 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days, respectively. Tissue processing, staining and biochemical analysis were used to assess the changes induced histopathologically and biochemically on the liver and kidney tissues. Results: Female treated mice showed significant weight changes while male treated mice showed no changes. Histopathological alterations in liver and kidney sections were observed both in male and female mice. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase showed significant changes in both sexes. There were no significant changes in serum creatinine at all doses and in both sexes Conclusion: Methanolic extracts of Ricinus communis fresh leaves had hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects. Key words: Histopathology; Ricinus communis; liver; kidney; biochemical

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The Effect of Palm Oil-Fried Street Kokor on Liver and Kidney Biomarkers of Swiss Albino Mice

Journal of Lipids ◽

10.1155/2020/8819749 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Hailemariam Amsalu ◽

Tesaka Wondimnew ◽

Tigist Mateos ◽

Minale Fekadie ◽

Gesese Bogale

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Health Effect ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Control Group ◽

Male And Female ◽

Swiss Albino Mice ◽

Group I ◽

Fried Foods ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Albino Mice

Background. Foods fried with oils at streets contain many harmful substances for health. Locally fried foods are consumed commonly in our society, yet their health effect is not studied. Objective. To assess the effect of palm oil-fried street kokor on liver and kidney biomarkers of Swiss Albino mice. Methods. Thirty-two male and female Swiss Albino mice with the age of 10-12 weeks old were divided randomly into four groups of eight members with equal male and female subgroups. The control group (group I) received only a standard pellet, and the experimental groups (group II, group III, and group IV) received 10%, 20%, and 30% kokor of their daily food consumption, respectively. At the end of the 6th week, they were sacrificed by thoracoabdominal incision after anesthetizing by diethyl ether. Blood was taken from each mouse by cardiac puncture and analyzed for liver and kidney function tests. Result. The serum levels of liver damage biomarkers (alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST)) and kidney damage biomarkers (urea and creatinine) of experimental groups were increased significantly relative to the control groups ( P < 0.05 ). Level of biochemical profiles increased as the dose of kokor increased. Conclusions. Palm oil-fried street kokor damaged the liver and kidney of the mice, and the damage was exacerbated as the dose of kokor increased.

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Sunitinib-ibuprofen drug interaction affects the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of sunitinib to brain, liver, and kidney in male and female mice differently

Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.1111/fcp.12126 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 404-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Christine Li Ling Lau ◽

Sook Tyng Chan ◽

Manimegahlai Selvaratanam ◽

Hui Wen Khoo ◽

Adeline Yi Ling Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Interaction ◽

Tissue Distribution ◽

Male And Female ◽

Female Mice ◽

Liver And Kidney

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CTRP3 deficiency reduces liver size and alters IL-6 and TGFβ levels in obese mice

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00248.2015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 310 (5) ◽

pp. E332-E345 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Risa M. Wolf ◽

Xia Lei ◽

Zhi-Chun Yang ◽

Maeva Nyandjo ◽

Stefanie Y. Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Levels ◽

Whole Body ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Loss Of Function ◽

Physiological Control ◽

Liver Size ◽

Male And Female ◽

Female Mice ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

Similar Weight

C1q/TNF-related protein 3 (CTRP3) is a secreted metabolic regulator whose circulating levels are reduced in human and rodent models of obesity and diabetes. Previously, we showed that CTRP3 infusion lowers blood glucose by suppressing gluconeogenesis and that transgenic overexpression of CTRP3 protects mice against diet-induced hepatic steatosis. Here, we used a genetic loss-of-function mouse model to further address whether CTRP3 is indeed required for metabolic homeostasis under normal and obese states. Both male and female mice lacking CTRP3 had similar weight gain when fed a control low-fat (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD). Regardless of diet, no differences were observed in adiposity, food intake, metabolic rate, energy expenditure, or physical activity levels between wild-type (WT) and Ctrp3-knockout (KO) animals of either sex. Contrary to expectations, loss of CTRP3 in LFD- or HFD-fed male and female mice also had minimal or no impact on whole body glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and fasting-induced hepatic gluconeogenesis. Unexpectedly, the liver sizes of HFD-fed Ctrp3-KO male mice were markedly reduced despite a modest increase in triglyceride content. Furthermore, liver expression of fat oxidation genes was upregulated in the Ctrp3-KO mice. Whereas the liver and adipose expression of profibrotic TGFβ1, as well as its serum levels, was suppressed in HFD-fed KO mice, circulating proinflammatory IL-6 levels were markedly increased; these changes, however, were insufficient to affect systemic metabolic outcome. We conclude that, although it is dispensable for physiological control of energy balance, CTRP3 plays a previously unsuspected role in modulating liver size and circulating cytokine levels in response to obesity.

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Determination of The Concentration of Calcium Level in Blood of Babies Kept Growing on Breastfeeding, Artificial Feeding and Mixed Feeding in Libya

Khalij-Libya Journal of Dental and Medical Research ◽

10.47705/kjdmr.204201 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Khaled Benelhaj ◽

Fathia Lazrag

Keyword(s):

Calcium Level ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Artificial Feeding ◽

Mixed Feeding ◽

Blood Calcium ◽

Male And Female ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Concentration

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the concentration of calcium level in blood of breast, artificial and mixed feeding babies. Methods: The total number of babies covered were 269 babies of different ages, however, the babies were divided into four groups, including group (I) consists of 98 male and female babies aged between (1 day -6 months), group (II) consists of 53 male and female babies aged between (7 m -12 m), group (III) consists of 59 male and female babies aged between (13 m -18 m), and group (IV) consists of 59 male and female babies aged between (19 m -2 m). Results: The mean concentration of serum blood calcium in breast feeding (9.25 mg/dL) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than artificial feeding (9.79 mg/ dL) and mixed feeding (9.88 mg/dL). Meanwhile, the mean concentration of serum blood calcium level (8.93 mg/ dL) in babies aged between (13 m-18m) was significantly lower (p<0.05) than other aged groups. However, the effect of the babies’ gender o the concentration of calcium indicated that the serum calcium levels did not show any significant difference among males and females’ babies. Conclusion: The relationship between age type of feeding and the gender show a correlation among the factors studied, therefore, it can be concluded that the babies fed on mixed milk got a benefit regarding the levels of these minerals as their serum levels are higher than the serum levels of babies fed on breast and artificial milk.

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SUB-ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY PROFILING OF THE METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF CLINACANTHUS NUTANS IN MALE AND FEMALE ICR MICE

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i12.28075 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Samiaa Jamil Abdulwahid ◽

Meng Yong Goh ◽

Mahdi Ebrahimi ◽

Norhafizah Mohtarrudin ◽

Zailina Binti Hashim

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Blood Cell ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Acute Oral Toxicity ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Male And Female ◽

Female Mice ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Clinacanthus Nutans

Objective: This study aims to investigate the sub-acute oral toxicity of a methanolic leaf extract of Clinacanthus nutans (MECN) in male and female mice.Methods: The study used three groups of male and female mice, the crude MECN was dissolved in distilled water and administered orally in single doses of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight for 28 d by gavage, at a dosing volume of 10 ml/kg body weight, while the control group received only the distilled water. Mice were weighed weekly for the duration of the study period. After the treatment period, the blood samples were collected and examined for hematology changes, total red blood cell (RBC) and total white blood cell (WBC), packed cell volume (PCV) and plasma protein concentration. The serum was analyzed for liver and kidney function test. The degree of injury of the liver and kidney tissue was histopathologically assessed and scored under the light microscopy. one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Turkey’s test was used to analyze the difference (p<0.05) of means across treatment groups.Results: There were no significant (p>0.05) changes in the body weight, hematological, biochemical and histology signs of toxicity for both male and female mice, except for the sodium level which was decreased in the mice treated with 2000 mg/kg of MECN (137±5.06) as compared to the 1000 (151±1.91) mg/kg as well as the control males (152±3.74) [F=4.87, p=0.03].Conclusion: This study showed that MECN at dosages up to 2000 mg/kg is safe to be used in mice regardless of their sex. Overall, this study suggests the potential utility of MECN in the development of herbal drug formulations in vivo.

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Induction of murine α-foetoprotein synthesis by oestradiol

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1060141 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 106 (1) ◽

pp. 141-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. Hau ◽

J. Chemnitz ◽

B. Teisner ◽

D. Tornehave ◽

P. Svendsen

Keyword(s):

Liver Tissue ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Immunohistochemical Examination ◽

Male And Female ◽

Treated Male ◽

Female Mice ◽

Adult Mice

Abstract. The synthesis of murine α-foetoprotein (m-AFP) was induced in 43 out of 47 adult mice of both sexes by sc administration of 100 μg oestradiol-17β every second day. The m-AFP serum levels of the oestrogen treated male and female mice were 7 and 17%, respectively, of the levels in mice during late pregnancy. Immunohistochemical examination of liver tissue revealed the intracellular presence of m-AFP in less than 0.5% of the hepatocytes scattered throughout the liver of the oestrogen treated mice.

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Massive Goitre (Struma Parenchymatosa) in Geese

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/004.47.1999.2.7 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 217-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Éva Ivanics ◽

P. Rudas ◽

G. Sályi ◽

R. Glávits

Keyword(s):

Serum Levels ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Control Group ◽

Dramatic Improvement ◽

Iodine Supplementation ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Group I ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Iodine Treatment ◽

Veterinary Institute

In a goose flock consisting of 2300 birds of 6 months of age severe goitre was diagnosed. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of naturally occurring goitre in geese, which is not related to the feeding of rapeseed meal. The major pathological findings included retarded growth and plumage development, significantly (300%) increased relative thyroid weight, fat accumulation in the mesenteric and abdominal region, and lipid infiltration of liver and kidney cells. Subsequent hormone analysis showed undetectable thyroxine (T4) levels and a dramatic drop in triiodothyronine (T3) plasma levels of the diseased geese. Thy- roidal histology displayed the typical signs of struma parenchymatosa. In order to get more information about the possible causes of the goitre, 10 geese from the affected farm were transferred into the laboratories of the Central Veterinary Institute. The geese were allotted into two groups. Group I received iodine supplementation for 55 days, while the other group served as sick control (Group S). Iodine treatment caused a dramatic improvement in the birds clinical condition except in plumage growth in Group I, while the clinical and main pathological signs of goitre remained unchanged or worsened in the untreated Group S. Contrary to this, the serum levels of thyroid hormones and responsiveness to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) improved not only in Group I but also in Group S. Almost euthyroid biochemical parameters were found after 55 days of iodine treatment in Group I and, surprisingly, a considerable improvement (especially in serum T3 levels) occurred also in Group S. These findings confirm the diagnosis of goitre but also call attention to the fact that iodine deficiency was not the only factor eliciting the disorder. The underlying possible goitrogenic substance could not be traced down.

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Assessment of the Possible Protective Effect of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) Peels Extract for Experimentally Induced Hepatotoxicity and Renal Disorders of Adult Male Sprague Dawley Rats

International Journal of Veterinary Science ◽

10.47278/journal.ijvs/2021.048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 177-184

Keyword(s):

Serum Levels ◽

Oxygen Metabolism ◽

Saccharum Officinarum ◽

Male Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Renal Disorders ◽

Group I ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

The Impact ◽

Peel Extract

Liver and kidneys disorders are fundamental public health problems as they are critical to exogenous substances such as natural poisons and/or medications that eventually lead to various hepatic and renal disorders mostly due to interference with oxygen metabolism. This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of the sugarcane peel extract on hepatic and renal complications linked to toxicity. Forty Sprague Dawley male rats (150-180g), equally divided into four equal groups. On 13th day of the experiment, the group I and II received distilled water and a single dose of paracetamol (3g/kg bwt), respectively. Group III pretreated with Saccharum officinarum peel extract (SOPE) at 200mg/rat for 13 days plus paracetamol (3g/kg bwt) on the 13th day before 1hr of treatment and group IV rats received pretreatment with Silymarin at 0.3g/kg bwt for successive 13 days plus paracetamol (3g/kg bwt) on the 13th day before 1hr of treatment. At the end of the trial, biochemical parameters besides liver and kidney histopathology were examined. Results revealed that the toxin group with a single overdose of paracetamol caused a critical increase in liver enzymes and kidney markers, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, lipid levels, an increase in C-reactive protein values, and caused decreases in serum levels of albumin, total protein, oxidative stress parameters (CAT, SOD, and GSH). On the other hand, co-administration of (SOPE) pretreatment showed an impact in minimizing and preventing all of these risks represented in avoiding liver and kidney damage resulting from some medication overdoses. In conclusion, the possible mechanism of protective activity of Saccharum officinarum peels extract is owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect.

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