scholarly journals Effectiveness of Solution-based Therapy on Self-Compassion and Reducing Blood Glucose in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-164
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

Introduction and Objectives: One of the problems of diabetes in the elderly is the likelihood of another condition that makes it more difficult to control blood sugar. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of solution-based therapy on self-compassion and blood glucose reduction in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design with a control group and follow-up. The statistical population of the study consisted of 60-75-year-old patients with type 2 diabetes referring to Iranian Diabetes Association treatment centers in Tehran, Iran. A total of 36 patients were selected and randomly assigned into two groups of experimental and control. The data were collected using a self-compassion questionnaire and glycated hemoglobin test (HbA1c). The HbA1c test was also administered two months after the end of the training to follow-up and evaluate the sustainability of the treatment effects. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 26) through repeated measure ANOVA. Results: The results showed that the solution-based therapy increased self-compassion in the posttest phase (P<0.01), and the effect of treatment was maintained after two months (P<0.01). Moreover, solution-based therapy reduced blood glucose levels in the posttest phase (P<0.01) and retained the effect of treatment after two months (P<0.01). Conclusion: It can be concluded that solution-based therapy has effects on self-compassion and hyperglycemia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes; moreover, it can be used in treatment centers to improve the status of patients with diabetes.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Solution-based Therapy on Self-Compassion and Reducing Blood Glucose in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-157
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

Introduction and Objectives: One of the problems of diabetes in the elderly is the likelihood of another condition that makes it more difficult to control blood sugar. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of solution-based therapy on self-compassion and blood glucose reduction in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design with a control group and follow-up. The statistical population of the study consisted of 60-75-year-old patients with type 2 diabetes referring to Iranian Diabetes Association treatment centers in Tehran, Iran. A total of 36 patients were selected and randomly assigned into two groups of experimental and control. The data were collected using a self-compassion questionnaire and glycated hemoglobin test (HbA1c). The HbA1c test was also administered two months after the end of the training to follow-up and evaluate the sustainability of the treatment effects. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 26) through repeated measure ANOVA. Results: The results showed that the solution-based therapy increased self-compassion in the posttest phase (P<0.01), and the effect of treatment was maintained after two months (P<0.01). Moreover, solution-based therapy reduced blood glucose levels in the posttest phase (P<0.01) and retained the effect of treatment after two months (P<0.01). Conclusion: It can be concluded that solution-based therapy has effects on self-compassion and hyperglycemia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes; moreover, it can be used in treatment centers to improve the status of patients with diabetes.

scholarly journals The role of Enterobacteria, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in the development of myocardial ischemia with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 205873921879232
Author(s):  
Yan Xiong ◽  
Jianhong Tao ◽  
Li Cai ◽  
Yijia Tang ◽  
Qiyong Li
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tnf Α

This study is to observe the distribution of intestinal flora and the changes of inflammatory factors in elderly patients with myocardial ischemia complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 106 elderly patients with myocardial ischemia complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (complicated group), 106 elderly patients with simple type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetic group), and 106 healthy elderly people (control group) were selected. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), 1-h postprandial blood glucose (1hPG), 2-h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), 3-h postprandial blood glucose (3hPG), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in complicated group and the diabetic group were higher than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The duration of diabetes, FBG, 3hPG, and HbA1c in the complicated group were higher than those in the diabetic group, while the 2hPG was lower than that in the diabetic group ( P < 0.05). Compared with control group, the number of Enterobacteria in the diabetic group and complicated group was increased, while the numbers of Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacillus were decreased ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with the diabetic group, the number of Enterobacteria in complicated group was increased, while the numbers of Bacteroides, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacillus were decreased ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with control group, the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and C-reactive protein (CRP) decreased in the diabetic group and complicated group, and the lowest in the complicated group. Conversely, the levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interleukin 12 (IL-2) increased in the diabetic group and complicated group, and the highest in the complicated group ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of diabetes, HbA1c, Enterobacteria, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 were the influencing factors of myocardial ischemia complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In conclusion, in the elderly patients with myocardial ischemia complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the number of intestinal probiotics and the level of anti-inflammatory factors decreased, and the number of pathogenic bacteria and the level of inflammatory factors increased. Enterobacteria, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 may play an important role in the development of myocardial ischemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Individualized Meal Replacement Therapy Improves Clinically Relevant Long-Term Glycemic Control in Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Kempf ◽  
Martin Röhling ◽  
Katja Niedermeier ◽  
Babette Gärtner ◽  
Stephan Martin
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meal Replacement ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Meal Replacements

Background Formula diets can improve glycemic control or can even induce remission in type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that especially an individualized intense meal replacement by a low-carbohydrate formula diet with accompanied self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) contributes to long-term improvements in HbA1c, weight, and cardiometabolic risk factors in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. Methods Type 2 diabetes patients were randomized into either a moderate group (M-group) with two meal replacements/day (n = 160) or a stringent group (S-group) with three meal replacements/day (n = 149) during the first week of intervention (1300–1500 kcal/day). Subsequently, both groups reintroduced a low-carbohydrate lunch based on individual adaption due to SMBG in weeks 2–4. After week 4, breakfast was reintroduced until week 12. During the follow-up period, all of the participants were asked to continue replacing one meal per day until the 52-weeks follow-up. Additionally, an observational control group (n = 100) remained in routine care. Parameters were compared at baseline, after 12 and 52 weeks within and between all of the groups. Results 321 participants (83%) completed the acute meal replacement phase after 12 weeks and 279 participants (72%) the whole intervention after 52 weeks. Both intervention groups achieved improvements in HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, and weight (all p < 0.001) within 12 weeks. However, these results were not significantly different between both of the intervention groups. The estimated treatment difference in HbA1c reduction was (mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) -0.10% with 95% CI [−0.40; 0.21] also (p > 0.05) (S-group vs. M-group) not statistically different after 12 weeks. However, only the S-group showed a clinically relevant improvement in HbA1c of −0.81% [−1.06; −0.55] (p < 0.001) after 52 weeks of follow-up, whereas HbA1c was not statistically different between the M- and control group. Conclusion Individualized meal replacement with SMBG demonstrated beneficial effects on HbA1c and cardiometabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the initiation of a weight loss program with one week of full meal replacement (three meals per day) resulted in a clinically relevant long-term HbA1c reduction, as compared to an observational control group that had standard care.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 25857
Author(s):  
Samuel Selbach Dries ◽  
Bárbara Da Silveira Soares ◽  
Ana Luiza Ziulkoski ◽  
Simone Gasparin Verza ◽  
Rafael Linden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Diabetic Complications

*** Oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin ***AIMS: To evaluate oxidative stress parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin, relating these values to its side effects, plasma levels, glycemic control, diabetic complications, lipid profile, and the influence of pharmacotherapeutic follow-up.METHODS: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, on metformin and in pharmacotherapeutic follow-up for four months, were evaluated. The pharmacotherapeutic follow-up consisted in providing information and answering patients’ questions about medication and disease. In addition, administration times, dosages, and presence or absence of side effects related to the use of metformin were verified. Glycemic and lipid profile, oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde) and plasma metformin were evaluated. Pearson’s correlation and Spearman’s correlation were performed to evaluate the relationship between the variables at the beginning of the study. The independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to assess the difference between the groups with and without diabetic complications. The range of values between the beginning and  end of the study was evaluated using Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon U test. The significance level was set at 5%.RESULTS: The initial sample consisted of 49 patients aged 59±9 years with a body mass index of 29.8±5.1 kg/m2, who have had diabetes for a median time of 36 months (interquartile range of 1-240) and have been on metformin for a median time of 36 months (interquartile range of 1-180). Twenty-five patients left the study between the second and fourth meetings. Malondialdehyde levels differed between before and after pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, being positively correlated with blood glucose, glycohemoglobin, and triglyceride level, and negatively correlated with metformin and superoxide dismutase. Blood glucose, glycohemoglobin, and malondialdehyde levels increased, whereas metformin levels decreased in the group with diabetic complications, and there was a correlation between malondialdehyde and the number of diabetic complications per patient.CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin, oxidative stress was more pronounced in those with poor glycemic control and diabetic complications.

scholarly journals Effects of an Outpatient Diabetes Self-Management Education on Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in China: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Zheng ◽  
Suixin Liu ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Lihua Deng
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Education ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Control Group

Objective. This study is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of a simple outpatient diabetes self-management education programme. Methods. In the study, 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly allocated into the control group (n=30) and intervention group (n=30). Regular and 2-session health education programmes were provided. The summary of diabetes self-care activity measure, problem areas in the diabetes scale, fasting blood glucose, postprandial 2 h blood glucose, and HbA1c were measured before and after the intervention to assess the effects of this 2-session diabetes education programme. Results. The total mean score of the summary of diabetes self-care activities measure was 17.60±6.63 points. The problem areas in the diabetes scale revealed that the total mean score was 29.82±15.22 points; 27% of the patients had diabetes-related distress, while 9% suffered from severe emotional distress. Compared with the control group, scores of the summary of diabetes self-care activities measure and problem areas in the diabetes scale, fasting blood glucose, postprandial 2 h blood glucose, and HbA1c were significantly improved in the intervention group after the intervention (P<0.01). Conclusion. This study showed that the 2-session diabetes education programme could effectively improve the level of self-reported self-management, psychological distress, and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Oral and Topical Centella asiatica in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Dry Skin: A Three-Arm Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Lili Legiawati ◽  
Kusmarinah Bramono ◽  
Wresti Indriatmi ◽  
Em Yunir ◽  
Siti Setiati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Double Blind

Introduction. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) is related to skin disorders, particularly dry skin. Pathogenesis of dry skin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rises from the chronic hyperglycemia causing an increase in advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), proinflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress. Combination of oral and topical Centella asiatica (CA) is expected to treat dry skin in T2DM patients more effectively through decreasing N(6)-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Methods. A three-arm prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the oral and topical CA extract in 159 T2DM patients with dry skin. The subjects were divided into the CA oral (CAo) 2 × 1.100 mg + CA topical (CAt) 1% ointment group, oral placebo (Plo) + CAt group, and Plo and topical placebo (Plt) group. Dry skin assessment was performed on day 1, 15, and 29, while evaluation of CML, IL-1α, and SOD activity was on day 1 and 29. Result. Effectivity of CAo + CAt combination was assessed based on HbA1c and random blood glucose (RBG). In well-controlled blood glucose, on day 29, the percentage of SRRC decrement was greater in the CAo + CAt group compared to the control group (p=0.04). SCap value in the CAo + CAt group was greater than that in the control group (p=0.01). In the partially controlled blood glucose, increment of SOD activity in the CAo + CAt group was greater than that in the control group (p=0.01). There were medium-to-strong correlation between CML with SOD (r = 0.58, p<0.05) and IL-1α with SOD (r = 0.70, p<0.05) in well-controlled blood glucose. Systemic and topical adverse events were not significantly different between groups. Conclusion. CAo and CAt combination can be used to significantly improve dry skin condition through increasing SOD activity in T2DM patients with controlled blood glucose.

scholarly journals Can the Onset of Type 2 Diabetes Be Delayed by a Group-Based Lifestyle Intervention in Women with Prediabetes following Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)? Findings from a Randomized Control Mixed Methods Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela O’Dea ◽  
Marie Tierney ◽  
Brian E. McGuire ◽  
John Newell ◽  
Liam G. Glynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Control Group ◽  
One Year

Objective. To evaluate a 12-week group-based lifestyle intervention programme for women with prediabetes following gestational diabetes (GDM).Design. A two-group, mixed methods randomized controlled trial in which 50 women with a history of GDM and abnormal glucose tolerance postpartum were randomly assigned to intervention (n=24) or wait control (n=26) and postintervention qualitative interviews with participants.Main Outcome Measures. Modifiable biochemical, anthropometric, behavioural, and psychosocial risk factors associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. The primary outcome variable was the change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from study entry to one-year follow-up.Results. At one-year follow-up, the intervention group showed significant improvements over the wait control group on stress, diet self-efficacy, and quality of life. There was no evidence of an effect of the intervention on measures of biochemistry or anthropometry; the effect on one health behaviour, diet adherence, was close to significance.Conclusions. Prevention programmes must tackle the barriers to participation faced by this population; home-based interventions should be investigated. Strategies for promoting long-term health self-management need to be developed and tested.

scholarly journals Prognostic Utility of Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography: A 5-Year Follow-Up in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Suspected Coronary Artery Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daliang Liu ◽  
Huijuan Jia ◽  
Yucun Fu ◽  
Wen He ◽  
Daqing Ma
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Coronary Events

Objectives.To analyze the predictive value of coronary computed tomography angiography on acute coronary artery events in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods.Coronary computed tomography angiography was performed in 250 type 2 diabetic patients. After a follow-up for 5 years, 145 patients were excluded as they did not have any coronary events. The remaining 95 patients were divided into study group and control group. According to their density and shape, the coronary artery plaques were classified into 3 types and 4 types, respectively.Results.There is no statistically significant difference in the degree of stenosis between two groups. The proportion of calcified plaques in the study group was lower than in the control group. The proportion of mixed-calcified plaques in the study group was higher than in the other. Type III plaques have a 76.2% sensitivity and negative predictive value was 64.5% for acute coronary events; type IV plaques have a sensitivity of 52.6% and positive predictive value of 63% for chronic coronary events.Conclusions.CCTA may be used as a non-invasive modality for evaluating and predicting vulnerable coronary atherosclerosis plaques in patients with type 2 diabetes.

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