scholarly journals Effectiveness of Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors in Reducing Non-suicidal Self-Injurious Behaviors in Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Reinforcement ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Overlapping Data

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of differential reinforcement of other behaviors in reducing non-suicidal self-injury behaviors in adolescents. Methods: A single-subject A-B-A-B design was used in this study. The statistical population included male adolescents with self-injurious behaviors, the families of whom were seeking treatment for these behaviors. In total, four adolescents were recruited from a psychology clinic in Tehran, Iran, using convenience sampling. Participants were observed at 6, 8, 10, and 12 sessions at baseline phases of A1 and A2, followed by 12 intervention sessions after each baseline phase. The intervention included differential reinforcement of other behaviors. If the participants showed no self-injury behavior within a specific time duration, a reward was provided. Non-suicidal self-injury behaviors included self-harm, hair pulling, severe itching, pinching, wound manipulation, and hand biting. The frequency of these behaviors was assessed during each session. Visual analysis of graphed data, percentage of non-overlapping data, and mean percentage improvement were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed a fairly reliable effect for the intervention on reducing the target behavior, as indicated by a frequency reduction from phase A1 to B1 and A2 to B2 and by a frequency elevation by the intervention withdrawal from B1 to A2. The average percentage reduction across participants was obtained at 56%. However, a low rate of self-injury remained consistent for the participants. Conclusion: The results provided further evidence on the effectiveness of differential reinforcement of other behaviors in reducing self-injury behaviors. Although the intervention could reduce self-injury substantially, it seemed that it could not eliminate the behavior.

scholarly journals Keefektifan Cinema Education Pada Pelatihan Keterampilan Pengambilan Keputusan Karir Pada Peserta

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartini Ningsih ◽  
Karyanti Karyanti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Career Decision Making ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Multiple Treatments

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cinema education services in career decision-making skills to improve career decision-making skills in SMK Al-Ishlah students. The design of this study uses Single Subject Design (SSD) with multiple treatments and is supported by a repeated measure model. The subjects of this study were eight students of class X of SMK Al-Ishlah Palangka Raya who indicated as students behaving lack of career decision-making skills tended to be low, moderate, and high from the basics observation phase, intervention 1, intervention 2, and intervention 3. Analysis data uses visual analysis by paying attention to changes in levels and trends. The results of the study showed that the eight subjects in the baseline phase had a lack of behavioural career decision-making skills that tended to be low. In the intervention phase, 1 using education cinema to eight subjects experienced an increase in categories from low to moderate categories.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Theraplay in Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Bereaved Siblings of Children with Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arefeh Sepehrtaj ◽  
Seyed Jalal Younesi ◽  
Parisa Seyed Mousavi ◽  
Ali Khani Jeihooni ◽  
Parvin Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Reliable Change Index ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

Background: Sibling relationships are very significant relationships, and their termination due to death will have profound long-term effects on the life of the surviving children. Objectives: The purpose of the current study was to determine the effectiveness of theraplay on internalizing and externalizing problems in bereaved siblings. Methods: This study was carried out using a single-subject multiple baseline design with follow-up. The statistical population included siblings and mothers of children aged 6 - 10 years who were on treatment at Mahak Pediatric Cancer Hospital and died one or two years ago. From this population, four mother-child pairs were selected as the study sample by convenience sampling. Each mother-child pair participated in 15 theraplay sessions once a week (45-min sessions). The assessments were carried out using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at baseline and in the intervention sessions and follow-up. Visual analysis of graphic displays of level, Reliable Change Index (RCI), and clinical significance were used to analyze the data. Data analysis and drawing the graphs were performed in Microsoft Excel 2016. Results: The results of the visual and quantitative data analysis showed a significant reduction in the four participants' internalizing problems during therapy. The reduction in the scores of this subscale in participants 1, 2, and 3 continued into the follow-up period and was noticeable. The results also showed that theraplay reduced the externalizing problems of most participants. A large proportion of these results persisted into the follow-up period. Conclusions: Theraplay appears to effectively reduce the internalizing and externalizing problems of bereaved siblings.

scholarly journals Reducing Blindism Behavior with Self Management Technique for Blind Students in Class VIII at SLB-A YKAB Surakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 487-496
Author(s):  
Cahaya Dzullia ◽  
Subagya Subagya ◽  
Mohammad Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Visually Impaired Students

This study aims to find out the influence of self management techniques in reducing blindism behavior owned by visually impaired students in class VIII at SLB-A YKAB Surakarta. This research is a quantitative research using experimental research design with a single subject or Single Subject Research (SSR). The subjects of this study were visually impaired students of class VIII at SLB-A YKAB Surakarta. The data collection techniques that used in this study were the observation of participants and non-participants. Data analysis techniques used are visual analysis techniques in conditions and visual analysis between conditions. The results of experiments in the baseline phase were conducted as many as four sessions, obtained blindism frequency data in students as many as 20, 19, 21 and 21 times. This shows that the trend of the blindism behavior of educated participants was increased with a stability level of 100%, so that intervention was needed. The intervention phase was carried out in eight sessions and data on the frequency of blindism on students were 16, 12, 11, 11, 10, 9, 9 and 9 times. Referring to the data, it can be seen that the trend of decline and the level of stability of the data obtained was 87.5%. So that it can be concluded that self management techniques can reduce blindism behavior for visually impaired students in class VIII at SLB-A YKAB Surakarta.

Comparative Effects of High-Tech Visual Scene Displays and Low-Tech Isolated Picture Symbols on Engagement From Students With Multiple Disabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Holyfield ◽  
Sydney Brooks ◽  
Allison Schluterman
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Multiple Disabilities ◽  
Visual Scene ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference

Purpose Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is an intervention approach that can promote communication and language in children with multiple disabilities who are beginning communicators. While a wide range of AAC technologies are available, little is known about the comparative effects of specific technology options. Given that engagement can be low for beginning communicators with multiple disabilities, the current study provides initial information about the comparative effects of 2 AAC technology options—high-tech visual scene displays (VSDs) and low-tech isolated picture symbols—on engagement. Method Three elementary-age beginning communicators with multiple disabilities participated. The study used a single-subject, alternating treatment design with each technology serving as a condition. Participants interacted with their school speech-language pathologists using each of the 2 technologies across 5 sessions in a block randomized order. Results According to visual analysis and nonoverlap of all pairs calculations, all 3 participants demonstrated more engagement with the high-tech VSDs than the low-tech isolated picture symbols as measured by their seconds of gaze toward each technology option. Despite the difference in engagement observed, there was no clear difference across the 2 conditions in engagement toward the communication partner or use of the AAC. Conclusions Clinicians can consider measuring engagement when evaluating AAC technology options for children with multiple disabilities and should consider evaluating high-tech VSDs as 1 technology option for them. Future research must explore the extent to which differences in engagement to particular AAC technologies result in differences in communication and language learning over time as might be expected.

Comparing the transfer effects of three nonpharmacological interventions in children with AD/HD: a single-case experimental design

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Wei Zhang ◽  
Stuart J. Johnstone ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Xiangsheng Li ◽  
Li Sun
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Neurofeedback Training ◽  
Transfer Effects ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Intervention Phase ◽  
Inhibitory Function ◽  
Home Training

The current study used behavioral and electroencephalograph measures to compare the transferability of cognitive training (CT), neurofeedback training (NFT), and CT combined with NFT in children with AD/HD. Following a multiple-baseline single-case experimental design, twelve children were randomized to a training condition. Each child completed a baseline phase, followed by an intervention phase. The intervention phase consisted of 20 sessions of at-home training. Tau-U analysis and standardized visual analysis were adopted to detect effects. CT improved inhibitory function, and NFT showed improved alpha activity and working memory. The combined condition, who was a reduced 'dose' of CT and NFT, did not show any improvements. The three conditions did not alleviate AD/HD symptoms. While CT and NFT may have near transfer effects, considering the lack of improvement in symptoms, this study does not support CT and NFT on their own as a treatment for children with AD/HD.

IMPLEMENTASI MODEL TASK-CENTERED PADA RESPONDEN YANG MEMILIKI GANGGUAN KEJIWAAN SKIZOAFEKTIF, POST-PARTUM PSYCHOSIS DAN BABYBLUES SYNDROME DI KOTA BANDUNG

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umi Salamah
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavior Therapy ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Subject Design

Abstract Task-Centered Models include Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) and Task-Centered Therapy begins with light Cognitive Therapy  focuses on thoughts, next Behavioral Therapy focus on act and reward application. Behavioural therapy also as a preface into task-centered therapy as conditioning. Comorbid symptoms of anxiety, aggression, and depression are target of changes. Using methods of action research, with Single Subject Design with pattern model of A-B at one baseline period (control) and two intervention period (treatments phase). The purpose of this study is to proof main hypothesis H1 = Task-Centered Models can reduce symptoms of anxiety, aggression and depression of  respondent Y or H0 = Task-Centered Models can not reduce symptoms of anxiety, aggression and depression of respondent Y. Related with research setting, qualitative analysis of the research subjects should also be included. Hypothesis is tested by using the formula of 2 standard deviation (2 SD), visual analysis within and between conditions. Test result shows that the entire hypothesis is accepted  with  and fulfill criterias of visual analysis significant. Its concluded that intervention effectiveness define by motivation, participation and discipline,parent commitment is vital for therapy that demands action and consistency, maintaining cognitive of respondent are essential for reducing stressors of recurrence through recreational activity and positive emotion building.Key words: Psychiatric Social Worker, Psychiatric Disorder, Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, Task- Centered TherapyAbstrak Model Task-Centered meliputi Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy (CBT) dan Terapi Berpusat Tugas (Task-Centered), dimulai oleh Terapi Kognitif ringan yang fokus pada pikiran, kemudian Terapi Behavioral fokus pada kegiatan (tindakan) tujuan dan penentuan bentuk imbalan (rewards). Terapi Behavioural menjadi pengantar terapi berpusat-tugas yang bersifat conditioning. Gejala penyerta anxiety (kegelisahan), aggression (agresifitas), dan depression (depresi) merupakan target perubahan. Pilihan metode penelitian yaitu penelitian tindakan (action research) dengan Desain Subjek Tunggal (Single Subject Design) dengan pola A-B dalam satu periode baseline (kontrol) dan dua periode intervensi (treatment phase). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan hipotesis utama; H1= task-centered model dapat menurunkan gejala anxiety, aggression dan depression responden Y atau H0= task-centered model tidak dapat menurunkan gejala anxiety, aggression dan depression responden Y. Berkaitan dengan setting penelitian, penjelasan kualitatif cukup penting untuk dilakukan. Secara kuantitatif, pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus 2 standard deviation (2 SD) dan analisis visual dalam kondisi. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, diperoleh hasil bahwa hipotesis diterima ( ) dan memenuhi kriteria signifikansi dalam analisis visual. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah efektifitas intervensi ditentukan motivasi, peran serta dan tingkat kedisiplinan, komitmen orangtua penting dalam terapi yang menuntut aksi dan konsistensi responden, penekanan kognitif responden menurunkan stressor kekambuhan melalui kegiatan rekreatif dan positive emotion building.Kata kunci: Pekerja Sosial Medis Setting Kesehatan Mental, Gangguan Kejiwaan, Terapi Kognitif-Behavior, Terapi Berpusat Tugas

The Effectiveness of Equipment Provisions on Rural Middle School Students’ Physical Activity During Lunch Recess

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-295
Author(s):  
Hyeonho Yu ◽  
Pamela H. Kulinna ◽  
Shannon C. Mulhearn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Environmental Intervention ◽  
School Students ◽  
Baseline Phase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eighth Grade Students

Background: Environmental provisions can boost students’ discretionary participation in physical activity (PA) during lunchtime at school. This study investigated the effectiveness of providing PA equipment as an environmental intervention on middle school students’ PA levels and stakeholders’ perceptions of the effectiveness of equipment provisions during school lunch recess. Methods: A baseline–intervention research design was used in this study with a first baseline phase followed by an intervention phase (ie, equipment provision phase). A total of 514 students at 2 middle schools (school 1 and school 2) in a rural area of the western United States were observed directly using the System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth instrument. Interviews were conducted with stakeholders. Paired-sample t tests and visual analysis were conducted to explore differences in PA levels by gender, and common comparison (with trustworthiness measures) was used with the interview data. Results: The overall percentage of moderate to vigorous PA levels was increased in both schools (ranging from 8.0% to 24.0%). In school 2, there was a significant difference in seventh- and eighth-grade students’ moderate to vigorous PA levels from the baseline. Three major themes were identified: (1) unmotivated, (2) unequipped, and (3) unquestionable changes (with students becoming more active). Conclusions: Environmental supports (access, equipment, and supervision) significantly and positively influenced middle school students’ lunchtime PA levels.

scholarly journals Lifetime prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury in patients with eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1345-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cucchi ◽  
D. Ryan ◽  
G. Konstantakopoulos ◽  
S. Stroumpa ◽  
A. Ş. Kaçar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
History Of ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundAgainst a backdrop of increasing research, clinical and taxonomic attention in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), evidence suggests a link between NSSI and eating disorders (ED). The frequency estimates of NSSI in ED vary widely. Little is known about the sources of this variation, and no meta-analysis has quantified the association between ED and NSSI.MethodUsing random-effects meta-analyses, meta-regression analyses, and 1816–6466 unique participants with various ED, we estimated the weighted average percentage of individuals with ED, those with anorexia nervosa (AN) and those with bulimia nervosa (BN) who are reported to have a lifetime history of NSSI across studies. We further examined predictors of NSSI in ED.ResultsThe weighted average percentage of patients with a lifetime history of NSSI was 27.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 23.8–31.0%] for ED, 21.8% (95% CI 18.5–25.6%) for AN, and 32.7% (95% CI 26.9–39.1%) for BN. The difference between BN and AN was statistically significant [odds ratio (OR) 1.77, 95% CI 1.14–2.77, p = 0.013]. The odds of NSSI increased by 24% for every 10% increase in the percentage of participants with histories of suicide attempts (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.04–1.48, p = 0.020) and decreased by 26% for every 10% increase in the percentage of participants with histories of substance abuse (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.58–0.95, p = 0.023).ConclusionsIn the specific context of ED, NSSI is highly prevalent and correlates positively with attempted suicide, urging for NSSI-focused treatments. A novel finding is that NSSI is potentially antagonized by substance abuse.

scholarly journals Layanan Penguasaan Konten Dengan Teknik Sosial Modeling Untuk Mengurangi Perilaku Off Task Peserta Didik

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Martina Rohama ◽  
Esty Aryani Safithry
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Experimental Control ◽  
Content Mastery ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Social Modelling ◽  
Academic Year

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of content mastery services with social modelling techniques to reduce off-task behaviour of Islamic students. The design of this study uses Single Subject Design (SSD) with multiple large cross variables. The subjects in this study were 5 class II MI HIdayatul students in the 2015/2016 academic year indicated as students who were off task behaving tending to be high and moderate, each of which was identified from the rubric of freedom of observation, intervention, and experimental control. Data analysis uses visual analysis by paying attention to changes in levels and trends.

scholarly journals Utilizing Video-Based Trainings to Improve Decision Making in High School Quarterbacks

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Powless ◽  
Jesse A. Steinfeldt ◽  
Shelbi E. Fisher ◽  
Patrick McFadden ◽  
Kyle W. Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Improvement Rate ◽  
Learning Modules ◽  
Temporal Occlusion ◽  
Tactical Decision

Despite the role of working memory capacity (WMC) in decision making, there is a dearth of empirical literature concerned with working memory and how it relates to tactical decision making in sport. The temporal occlusion paradigm has often been used by sport researchers to improve tactical decision making and, thus, provides a well-established foundation for creating decision-making trainings. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to explore the implementation of computer-based learning modules to improve the tactical decision making of four high school quarterbacks with varying levels of WMC, utilizing a single-subject, multiple baseline design. The learning modules utilized a temporal occlusion paradigm and present a novel intervention aimed at improving decision making in quarterbacks. Data were analyzed using visual analysis and improvement rate difference (IRD). Overall, results did not demonstrate a causal relationship between changes in accuracy of decision making after implementation of the learning modules but did provide moderate evidence for improvement in reaction time for decision making due to the learning modules. The learning modules were met with positive perceptions from the four participants, and the participant with the lowest WMC showed evidence of improvement in both accuracy and speed of decision making. Limitations as well as implications will be discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document