scholarly journals Investigation of the Leading Causes of Injury and Violence in South-East Iran

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-125
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Unintentional Injuries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Modeling

Introduction: Injuries and violence are significant causes of death and health problems in all countries; however, they are not equally distributed across the world or within countries. Injuries result from road traffic crashes, falls, drowning, burns, poisoning, and acts of violence against oneself or others, among other causes. The present study aimed to describe the causes, their characteristics, frequencies, types, and outcomes of the injuries reported to the Forensic Medicine Center, Zahedan, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Forensic Medicine Center, Zahedan, South-East Iran. A total of 1400 intentional and unintentional injuries were systematically extracted from the administrative records between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2018. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression models. Furthermore, the Stata statistical software (version 14; StataCorp, USA) was used for all analyses. Results: In this study, three major causes of injuries included accident, fight, and burn in the order of priority. The overall frequencies of intentional and unintentional injuries among the subjects were 40.3% and 59.7%, respectively. Moreover, death occurred in 45.6% of the cases. Here, the odds of death in unintentional injuries were more than those in intentional ones (P<0.001). Multiple logistic regression modeling showed that increasing age (P=0.001), education level (P<0.001), holiday time (P=0.02), and urban setting (P=0.02) for injury were associated with increased odds of intentional injuries. Conclusion: According to the results, younger age groups were more likely to be injured, compared to other categories. Therefore, it is necessary to implement any planning and prioritization for the reduction of family injuries and violence in school education by instructing this age group regarding injuries and their health risk consequences. Decision-makers should focus their attention on the issue locally. The implications of this study could be highly influential to identify intervention opportunities and determine local and cultural problematic health issues.

scholarly journals A proportional odds model of risk behaviors associated with recurrent road traffic crashes among young adults in Kuwait

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Akhtar ◽  
Eisa Aldhafeeri ◽  
Farah Alshammari ◽  
Hana Jafar ◽  
Haya Malhas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Proportional Odds ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Period Prevalence ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes ◽  
One Year ◽  
Ordinal Outcome

Abstract Background The aims of this cross-sectional study were to i) assess one-year period prevalence of one, two, three or more road traffic crashes (RTCs) as an ordinal outcome and ii) identify the drivers’ characteristics associated with this ordinal outcome among young adult drivers with propensity to recurrent RTCs in Kuwait. Methods During December 2016, 1465 students, 17 years old or older from 15 colleges of Kuwait University participated in this cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. One-year period prevalence (95% confidence interval (CI)) of one, two, three or more RTCs was computed. Multivariable proportional odds model was used to identify the drivers’ attributes associated with the ordinal outcome. Results One-year period prevalence (%) of one, two and three or more RTCs respectively was 23.1 (95% CI: 21.2, 25.6), 10.9 (95% CI: 9.4, 12.6), and 4.6 (95% CI: 3.6, 5.9). Participants were significantly (p < 0.05) more likely to be in higher RTCs count category than their current or lower RCTs count, if they habitually violated speed limit (adjusted proportional odds ratio (pORadjusted) = 1.40; 95% Cl: 1.13, 1.75), ran through red lights (pORadjusted = 1.64; 95%CI: 1.30, 2.06), frequently (≥ 3) received multiple (> 3) speeding tickets (pORadjusted = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.38), frequently (> 10 times) violated no-parking zone during the past year (pORadjusted = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.54) or being a patient with epilepsy (pORadjusted = 4.37; 95% CI: 1.63, 11.70). Conclusion High one-year period prevalence of one, two and three or more RTCs was recorded. Targeted education based on identified drivers’ attributes and stern enforcement of traffic laws may reduce the recurrent RTCs incidence in this and other similar populations in the region.

scholarly journals Midnight salivary cortisol secretion and the use of antidepressants were associated with abdominal obesity in women with type 1 diabetes: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Olga Melin ◽  
Magnus Hillman ◽  
Maria Thunander ◽  
Mona Landin-Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Abdominal obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim was to explore the influence of midnight salivary cortisol (MSC), antidepressants and sex on abdominal obesity in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We controlled for physical inactivity, smoking, depression and alexithymia. Methods Cross sectional study of 190 T1D patients (86 women/104 men, 18–59 years, diabetes duration 1–55 years), consecutively recruited from one specialist diabetes outpatient clinic. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, saliva and blood samples were collected, supplemented with data from electronic medical records. Depression and alexithymia were assessed by self-report instruments. MSC (nmol/l) was categorised into 3 levels: high MSC: (≥ 6.7) (n = 64); intermediate MSC: ≥ 3.7− < 6.7) (n = 64); low MSC (< 3.7) (n = 62). Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference (meters) ≥ 0.88 for women and as ≥ 1.02 for men. Multiple logistic regression analyses (Backward: Wald) were performed. The Hosmer and Lemeshow test for goodness-of-fit and Nagelkerke R2 were used to evaluate each multiple logistic regression analysis model. Results The prevalence of abdominal obesity was three times higher in the women than in the men (24% versus 8%) (p = 0.002). Antidepressants were used by 10% of the women and by 4% of the men (p = 0.09). The prevalence of high MSC was 1.7 times higher in the women (43% versus 26%); the prevalence of both intermediate MSC (28% versus 38%) and low MSC (29% versus 36%) were lower in the women (p = 0.048). Significant associations with abdominal obesity were for all 190 patients: female sex (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.4 (confidence interval (CI) 1.4–8.2)) and the use of antidepressants (AOR 4.3 (CI 1.2–14.8)); for the 86 women: high MSC (AOR 18.4 (CI 1.9–181)) and use of antidepressants (AOR 12.2 (CI 2.0–73.6)); and for the 104 men: alexithymia (AOR 5.2 (CI 1.1–24.9)). Conclusions Clear sex differences were demonstrated with a distinct higher prevalence of abdominal obesity, as well as a distinct higher prevalence of high midnight salivary cortisol in the women with type 1 diabetes. High midnight salivary cortisol secretion and the use of antidepressants were independent risk factors for abdominal obesity in the women.

scholarly journals Relationship between obesity indices and hypertension among middle-aged and elderly populations in Taiwan: a community-based, cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e031660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-An Lin ◽  
Ying-Jen Chen ◽  
Yu-Chung Tsao ◽  
Wei-Chung Yeh ◽  
Wen-Cheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elderly Populations ◽  
Obesity Indices ◽  
Northern Taiwan

ObjectiveObesity and hypertension (HTN) have become increasingly prevalent in Taiwan. People with obesity are more likely to have HTN. In this study, we evaluated several anthropometric measurements for the prediction of HTN in middle-aged and elderly populations in Taiwan.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingCommunity-based investigation in Guishan Township of northern Taiwan.ParticipantsA total of 396 people were recruited from a northern Taiwan community for a cross-sectional study. Anthropometrics and blood pressure were measured at the annual health exam. The obesity indices included body mass index (BMI), body fat (BF) percentage and waist circumference (WC).Outcome measuresStatistical analyses, including Pearson’s correlation, multiple logistic regression and the area under ROC curves (AUCs) between HTN and anthropometric measurements, were used in this study.ResultsOf the 396 people recruited, 200 had HTN. The age-adjusted Pearson’s coefficients of BMI, BF percentage and WC were 0.23 (p<0.001), 0.14 (p=0.01) and 0.26 (p<0.001), respectively. Multiple logistic regression of the HTN-related obesity indices showed that the ORs of BMI, BF percentage and WC were 1.15 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.23, p<0.001), 1.07 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.11, p<0.001) and 1.06 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.08, p<0.001), respectively. The AUCs of BMI, BF percentage and WC were 0.626 (95% CI 0.572 to 0.681, p<0.001), 0.556 (95% CI 0.500 to 0.613, p=0.052) and 0.640 (95% CI 0.586 to 0.694, p<0.001), respectively.ConclusionsWC is a more reliable predictor of HTN than BMI or BF percentage. The effect of abdominal fat distribution on blood pressure is greater than that of total BF amount.

scholarly journals Sugar-Containing Beverages Consumption and Obesity in Children Aged 4–5 Years in Spain: the INMA Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Gonzalez-Palacios ◽  
Eva-María Navarrete-Muñoz ◽  
Manoli García-de-la-Hera ◽  
Laura Torres-Collado ◽  
Loreto Santa-Marina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obesity In Children

The consumption of sugar-containing beverages (SCB) has been associated with obesity although the evidence in preschool children is scarce. Cross-sectional analyses were performed to assess the association between obesity and SCB consumption (packaged juices and sugar-sweetened soft drinks) in 1823 children at the age of 4–5 years from the INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Project. One drink was defined as a glass of 175 mL, and the consumption of SCB was categorized in <1, 1–7 drinks/week and > 1 drink/day. We used multiple logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR). The average SCB consumption was 79.1 mL/day, mainly from packaged juices (80.9%). The SCB consumption was lower in non-obese children than in children with obesity, 76.6 vs 118.4 mL/day (p = 0.02). After adjusting for covariates, children who consumed >1 drink/day showed elevated odds of obesity, OR = 3.23 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.48–6.98) compared to children who consumed <1 SCB drink a week. Each additional SCB drink per day was associated with higher odds of obesity, OR = 1.55 (1.14–2.09). Higher consumption of packaged juices, but not sugar-sweetened soft drinks, was significantly associated with higher odds of obesity, OR = 1.55 (1.09–2.15) and OR = 1.59 (0.76–3.39), respectively. A higher SCB consumption is associated with obesity in preschool children, mainly due to the consumption of packaged juices.

scholarly journals The impact of diabetes on multiple avoidable admissions: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Seringa ◽  
Ana Patrícia Marques ◽  
Bruno Moita ◽  
Cátia Gaspar ◽  
João Filipe Raposo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Multiple admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) are responsible for an important proportion of health care expenditures. Diabetes is one of the conditions consensually classified as an ACSC being considered a major public health concern. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of diabetes on the occurrence of multiple admissions for ACSC. Methods We analysed inpatient data of all public Portuguese NHS hospitals from 2013 to 2015 on multiple admissions for ACSC among adults aged 18 or older. Multiple ACSC users were identified if they had two or more admissions for any ACSC during the period of analysis. Two logistic regression models were computed. A baseline model where a logistic regression was performed to assess the association between multiple admissions and the presence of diabetes, adjusting for age and sex. A full model to test if diabetes had no constant association with multiple admissions by any ACSC across age groups. Results Among 301,334 ACSC admissions, 144,209 (47.9%) were classified as multiple admissions and from those, 59,436 had diabetes diagnosis, which corresponded to 23,692 patients. Patients with diabetes were 1.49 times (p < 0,001) more likely to be admitted multiple times for any ACSC than patients without diabetes. Younger adults with diabetes (18–39 years old) were more likely to become multiple users. Conclusion Diabetes increases the risk of multiple admissions for ACSC, especially in younger adults. Diabetes presence is associated with a higher resource utilization, which highlights the need for the implementation of adequate management of chronic diseases policies.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) OLEH IBU RUMAH TANGGA DI NGANJUK, JAWA TIMUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Chahya Kharin Herbawani ◽  
Dadan Erwandi
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Aids Prevention ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevention Behavior ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: HIV/AIDS reports show an increasing number of AIDS cases and the cumulative number of AIDS among housewives at first rank. Objective: to determine factors related to HIV/AIDS prevention efforts for housewives in the Bagor Health Center area. Method: Quantitative research with cross-sectional design. Independent variable; age; education; family income; age at first sexual intercourse; knowledge of HIV/AIDS; risk perception; husband's work; history of VCT; access to condoms and information about HIV/AIDS. The dependent variable is HIV/AIDS prevention efforts. Total respondent were 150 housewives, data collection using a questionnaire that was adopted/modified from the Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance questionnaire (STBP) 2011. Multivariate data analysis with multiple logistic regression Results: Factors related to HIV/AIDS prevention efforts in housewives were a history of VCT (p=0.028) and exposure to information about HIV/AIDS (p=0.014). History of VCT is the most influencing factor in HIV/AIDS prevention efforts in housewives (p value=0.040; OR=3.79 95% CI=1.06-13.537). Housewives who have done VCT are 3.79 times more likely to make HIV/AIDS prevention efforts than those who did not. Conclusion: Providing education and VCT testing can provide better HIV prevention behavior for housewives. Historical factors of VCT and information exposure play a role in HIV prevention behavior in housewives Key words: HIV/AIDS, reproductive health, VCT Abstrak Latar belakang: Laporan HIV/AIDS menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah kasus AIDS dan jumlah kumulatif AIDS pada ibu rumah tangga yang menempati urutan pertama Tujuan: mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan upaya pencegahan HIV/AIDS pada ibu rumah tangga di wilayah Puskesmas Bagor. Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Variabel independen; umur; pendidikan; penghasilan keluarga; umur pertama kali berhubungan seksual; pengetahuan HIV/AIDS; persepsi berisiko; pekerjaan suami; riwayat VCT; akses terhadap kondom dan keterpaparan informasi tentang HIV/AIDS. Variabel dependen adalah upaya pencegahan HIV/AIDS. Responden berjumlah 150 ibu rumah tangga, Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang diadopsi/dimodifikasi dari kuesioner Surveilans Terpadu Biologis dan Perilaku (STBP) Tahun 2011. Analisis data multivariate dengan multiple logistic regression Hasil: Faktor yang berhubungan dengan upaya pencegahan HIV/AIDS pada ibu rumah tangga adalah riwayat VCT (p=0,028) dan keterpaparan informasi tentang HIV/AIDS (p=0,014). Riwayat VCT merupakan faktor paling mempengaruhi upaya pencegahan HIV/AIDS pada ibu rumah tangga (p value=0,040; OR=3,79 95% CI=1,06-13,537). Ibu rumah tangga yang telah melakukan VCT 3,79 kali lebih cenderung untuk melakukan upaya pencegahan HIV/AIDS baik dibandingkan yang tidak melakukan VCT. Kesimpulan: Pemberian edukasi dan pemeriksaan VCT dapat memberikan perilaku pencegahan HIV yang lebih baik pada ibu rumah tangga. Faktor riwayat VCT dan keterpaparan informasi berperan dalam perilaku pencegahan HIV pada ibu rumah tangga.   Kata kunci: HIV/AIDS, kesehatan reproduksi, VCT

scholarly journals Determinants of drink-driving and association between drink-driving and road traffic fatalities in Ghana

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Damsere-Derry ◽  
Francis Afukaar ◽  
Gavan Palk ◽  
Mark King
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Traffic Fatalities ◽  
Standard Drink ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
Road Traffic Crashes

Damsere-Derry, J., Afukaar, F., Palk, G., & King, M. (2014). Determinants of drink-driving and association between drink-driving and road traffic fatalities in Ghana. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(2), 135-141. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i2.135Aims: The objective is to establish determinants of drink-driving and its association with traffic crashes in Ghana.Methods: A multivariable logistic regression was used to establish significant determinants of drink-driving, and a bivariate logistic regression to establish the association between drink-driving and road traffic crashes in Ghana.Results: In total, 2,736 motorists were randomly stopped for breath testing, of whom 8.7% tested positive for alcohol. Among the total participants, 5.5% exceeded the legal BAC limit of 0.08%. Formal education is associated with a reduced likelihood of drink-driving compared with drivers without formal education. The propensity to drink-drive is 1.8 times higher among illiterate drivers than it is among drivers with basic education. Young adult drivers also recorded elevated likelihoods for driving under alcohol impairment, compared with adult drivers. The odds of drink-driving among truck drivers is OR = 1.81 (95% CI = 1.16 to 2.82) and two-wheeler riders is OR = 1.41 (95% CI = 0.47 to 4.28) compared with car drivers. Contrary to general perception, commercial car drivers have a significant reduced likelihood of 41%, OR = 0.59 (95% CI = 0.38 to 0.92) compared with private car drivers. Bivariate analysis conducted showed a significant association between the proportion of drivers exceeding the legal BAC limit and road traffic fatalities (p < 0.001). The model predicts that a 1% increase in the proportion of drivers exceeding the legal BAC will be associated with a 4% increase in road traffic fatalities (95% CI = 3% to 5%) and vice versa.Conclusions: A positive and significant association between roadside alcohol prevalence and road traffic fatality has been established. Scaling up roadside breath tests, determining standard drink (e.g., any drink which contains about 10 grams of absolute alcohol) and disseminating this information to the populace, and formulating policies targeting youth (such as increasing minimum legal drinking age and reducing the legal BAC limit for youth and novice drivers) might reduce drink-driving related crashes in Ghana.

scholarly journals Clinical differences between eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), a multicenter cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangming Dai ◽  
Yajuan Ran ◽  
Jiajia Wang ◽  
Xingru Chen ◽  
Junnan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background AECOPD is highly heterogeneous with respect to etiology and inflammation. COPD with higher blood eosinophils is associated with increased readmission rates and better corticosteroid response. However, the clinical features of eosinophilic AECOPD aren’t well explored. Then, the aim of this study was to investigate the clinical differences between eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic AECOPD. Methods A total of 643 AECOPD patients were enrolled in this multicenter cross-sectional study. Finally, 455 were included, 214 in normal eosinophils AECOPD (NEOS-AECOPD) group, 63 in mild increased eosinophils AECOPD (MEOS-AECOPD) group, and 138 in severe increased eosinophils AECOPD (SEOS-AECOPD) group. Then, demographic data, underlying diseases, symptoms, and laboratory findings were collected. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify the independent factors associated with blood EOS. Correlations between blood EOS and its associated independent factors were evaluated. Results The significant differences in 19 factors, including underlying disease, clinical symptom, and laboratory parameters, were identified by univariate analysis. Subsequently, multiple logistic regression revealed that lymphocytes%, neutrophils% (NS%), procalcitonin (PCT), and anion gap (AG) were associated with blood EOS in AECOPD. Both blood EOS counts and EOS% significantly correlated with lymphocytes%, NS%, PCT, and AG. Conclusions The blood EOS was independently associated with lymphocytes%, NS%, PCT, and AG in AECOPD patients. Lymphocytes% was lower, and, NS%, PCT, and AG were higher in eosinophilic AECOPD. Our results indicate that viral dominant infections probably were the major etiology of eosinophilic AECOPD. Non-eosinophilic AECOPD was more likely associated with bacterial dominant infections. The systemic inflammation in non-eosinophilic AECOPD was more severe.

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