scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) OLEH IBU RUMAH TANGGA DI NGANJUK, JAWA TIMUR

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Chahya Kharin Herbawani ◽  
Dadan Erwandi

Abstract Background: HIV/AIDS reports show an increasing number of AIDS cases and the cumulative number of AIDS among housewives at first rank. Objective: to determine factors related to HIV/AIDS prevention efforts for housewives in the Bagor Health Center area. Method: Quantitative research with cross-sectional design. Independent variable; age; education; family income; age at first sexual intercourse; knowledge of HIV/AIDS; risk perception; husband's work; history of VCT; access to condoms and information about HIV/AIDS. The dependent variable is HIV/AIDS prevention efforts. Total respondent were 150 housewives, data collection using a questionnaire that was adopted/modified from the Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance questionnaire (STBP) 2011. Multivariate data analysis with multiple logistic regression Results: Factors related to HIV/AIDS prevention efforts in housewives were a history of VCT (p=0.028) and exposure to information about HIV/AIDS (p=0.014). History of VCT is the most influencing factor in HIV/AIDS prevention efforts in housewives (p value=0.040; OR=3.79 95% CI=1.06-13.537). Housewives who have done VCT are 3.79 times more likely to make HIV/AIDS prevention efforts than those who did not. Conclusion: Providing education and VCT testing can provide better HIV prevention behavior for housewives. Historical factors of VCT and information exposure play a role in HIV prevention behavior in housewives Key words: HIV/AIDS, reproductive health, VCT Abstrak Latar belakang: Laporan HIV/AIDS menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah kasus AIDS dan jumlah kumulatif AIDS pada ibu rumah tangga yang menempati urutan pertama Tujuan: mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan upaya pencegahan HIV/AIDS pada ibu rumah tangga di wilayah Puskesmas Bagor. Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Variabel independen; umur; pendidikan; penghasilan keluarga; umur pertama kali berhubungan seksual; pengetahuan HIV/AIDS; persepsi berisiko; pekerjaan suami; riwayat VCT; akses terhadap kondom dan keterpaparan informasi tentang HIV/AIDS. Variabel dependen adalah upaya pencegahan HIV/AIDS. Responden berjumlah 150 ibu rumah tangga, Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang diadopsi/dimodifikasi dari kuesioner Surveilans Terpadu Biologis dan Perilaku (STBP) Tahun 2011. Analisis data multivariate dengan multiple logistic regression Hasil: Faktor yang berhubungan dengan upaya pencegahan HIV/AIDS pada ibu rumah tangga adalah riwayat VCT (p=0,028) dan keterpaparan informasi tentang HIV/AIDS (p=0,014). Riwayat VCT merupakan faktor paling mempengaruhi upaya pencegahan HIV/AIDS pada ibu rumah tangga (p value=0,040; OR=3,79 95% CI=1,06-13,537). Ibu rumah tangga yang telah melakukan VCT 3,79 kali lebih cenderung untuk melakukan upaya pencegahan HIV/AIDS baik dibandingkan yang tidak melakukan VCT. Kesimpulan: Pemberian edukasi dan pemeriksaan VCT dapat memberikan perilaku pencegahan HIV yang lebih baik pada ibu rumah tangga. Faktor riwayat VCT dan keterpaparan informasi berperan dalam perilaku pencegahan HIV pada ibu rumah tangga.   Kata kunci: HIV/AIDS, kesehatan reproduksi, VCT

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-124
Author(s):  
Diah Ratnawati ◽  
Nourmayansa Vidya Anggraini

Adolescents are physically and psychologically vulnerable to the transmission of HIV/AIDS, so that they become the focus of the population for disease prevention programs. This study aims to determine the effect of perceptions of social support and family health tasks on HIV/AIDS prevention behavior in adolescents in Baros Village, Serang, Banten. This study employed a quantitative research method with a cross-sectional design. The number of samples was 345 adolescents who were at risk of HIV/AIDS in Baros Village, Serang, Banten. Sampling from each class administering stratified sampling method. Researchers reproduced research questionnaires with an offline system which had previously been examined for the validity and reliability of a number of samples that have been calculated. Furthermore, for research questionnaires with an online system, distribution is conducted via a link from the google form. The chi-square test was administered to examine HIV/AIDS prevention behavior variables. A logistic regression test was used to see the most influential factors on HIV/AIDS prevention behavior. The results revealed a relationship between gender and family health tasks in recognizing HIV/AIDS prevention behavior problems in adolescents in Baros Village, Serang, Banten, with a p-value <0.05. The factor that most influenced HIV/AIDS prevention behavior was the family health task in recognizing problems with a p-value of 0.007 <0.05 with the largest OR value obtained, which is 1.978. Therefore, families should improve their ability to conduct health tasks in communicating and directing adolescents in HIV/AIDS prevention behavior.


2017 ◽  
pp. 130-6
Author(s):  
Idar Mappangara ◽  
Abdul Hakim Alkatiri ◽  
Stefan Hendyanto

Background: The incidence of multivessel disease in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is expected to be identified as early as possible in order to perform optimal management. The presence of multivessel disease can lead to ischemia or myocardial infarction. Fragmented QRS complex (fQRS) is a new electrocardiography (ECG) parameter that has been proven to be caused by ischemia or myocardial infarction.Methods: A cross-sectional study. Patients with ACS that admitted at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar since December 2014 - March 2015 who are eligible were enrolled in this study.Presence of fQRS evaluated on first 12-lead ECG at hospital admission. Presence of multivessel disease based on coronary angiography. Data were analyzed by logistic regression. Data was significant if the p-value<0.05.Results: There are 63 subjects (56 men and 7 women) included in this study. Older age, history of ACS before, presence of dyslipidemia, and presence of fQRS were significantly more often in group with multivessel disease. After analyzed with logistic regression, the fQRS was the only significant predictor of multivessel disease with p value 0.003 and odds ratio 13.28.Conclusion: Presence of fQRS in the first 12-lead ECG when admitted to the hospital was an independent predictor of multivessel disease in patients with ACS.


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Sulistyowati

Abstract: Commercial Sex Workers, Knowledge, HIV-AIDS Prevention Efforts. The number of HIV-AIDS sufferers in Indonesia continues to increase and most productive attacking a young age. Health care workers interview results in Hospital SoeratnoGemolong in October 2014, there were 25 HIV-positive AIDS, largely affected by HIV-AIDS is not a native districts Miri Sragen. To analyze the mountain commercial sex workers kemukus knowledge about HIV-AIDS on HIV-AIDS prevention. The study design was observational analytic, using a cross-sectional approach in which to make observations and measurements only once when the measurement variables were analyzed with the model Kai squared test (Chi-Square) to analyze the relationship between one or more independent variables with the dependent variable category. The result of statistical test analysis Fisher's exact Test the relationship between knowledge of HIV-AIDS prevention efforts gained value P-Value: 0.005> 0.001. HIV-AIDS prevention at the commercial sex workers in Mount Kemukus significant associated with HIV-AIDS knowledge


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Yuliasti Eka Purnamaningrum ◽  
Ratyas Ekartika Puspita Candra Nugrahawati ◽  
Munica Rita Hernayanti ◽  
Anne Vajee

In 2016 Special Region of Yogyakarta was ranked 9th as the province with the highest number of people suffered from HIV/AIDS especially at Sleman regency. Globally, AIDS was the second leading cause of adolescents’s death aged of 10-19 years. The purpose of this study was to find out factors affecting the behaviour of the adolescents towards HIV/AIDS prevention. This research using with cross sectional study design. The sampling technique which used was stratified random sampling resulted in 59 respondents from 11th grade students at SMA Negeri 2 Sleman were selected as sample. Data were collected using questionnaire and analyzed using Chi-Square test and Multiple Logistic Regression. The result showed that most respondents 66,1% had sufficient knowledge. Students who showed supportive attitude was 54,2%. Information obtained were mostly from electronic media. Thirty one students (52,5%) showed a positive behaviour toward HIV/AIDS prevention. Chi-Square test’s result showed that factors significantly related to adolescent’s behaviour toward HIV/AIDS prevention were knowledge and attitude. Variables most affecting was attitude (p-value=0,008; PR=4,4; 95% CI=1,4-13,1).


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Suleiman Obsa ◽  
Dinkisisa Chemeda Edosa ◽  
Zemenu Muluken Desalegn ◽  
Nega Desalegn Fanta ◽  
Sintayehu Mulugeta Tamiru ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Post-operative nausea and vomiting is the most frequent side effect of anesthesia. It affects 20 - 30% of all post-operative and 70%-80% high risk patients. Consequently, it is one of the most frequently observed adverse events associated with the provision of anesthesia. Thus this study is aimed to assess the incidence and associated factors of post-operative nausea and vomiting. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using a consecutive sampling method. Regular supervision and follow up were made. Data was entered in to Epi info version 7 software and transported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Odd ratio and 95% confidence interval was computed. The findings of the study were reported using tables, figures and narration. Variables that were found to be candidate (p value < 0.25) on binary logistic regression entered into a multiple logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors of post-operative nausea and vomiting. Results The results of this study indicated that the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was 27.4% . Output of multiple logistic regression revealed that female sex (AOR = 4.065 (2.090 - 7.906), history of motion sickness (AOR = 2.836 (1.582 - 5.083), Gynecologic type of surgery (AOR = 3.782 (1.156 - 12.373), long duration of anaesthesia (> 60 min) (AOR = 2.974 (1.491 - 5.933) and administration of post-operative opioids (AOR = 2.333 (1.221 - 4.457) were considered as independent predictors of postoperative nausea and vomiting at P value < 0.05. Conclusion The present finding has shown that the overall incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting is high 27.4% therefore provision of anti-emetic prophylaxis is reccomended.


2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 236-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Clark ◽  
I Harvey ◽  
F G R Fowkes

Background There are many hypotheses concerning risk factors for the development of varicose veins based mostly on pathophysiological plausibility. Population studies have been carried out mostly on the middle aged with relatively few on elderly populations. Objectives To investigate epidemiological risk factors for varicose veins in an elderly population in the UK. Methods The South Wales Skin Cancer study – an examination survey undertaken between 1988 and 1991 of a random sample ( n = 792) drawn from all patients aged 60 and over registered with a general practitioner in South Glamorgan. Exposure variables were obtained from a structured administered questionnaire combined with clinical examination. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios were estimated using logistic regression. Results The response rate was 71% with an average age of 71 years (range 60–97). The age-adjusted prevalence of trunk varices was 63.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 57.9–68.4%) in men and 57.0% (95% CI 50.6–63.4%) in women. In a multiple logistic regression the significant risk factors for varicose veins were increasing age ( P value = 0.001), obesity (odds ratio [OR] 3.28, 95% CI 1.25–8.63, P = 0.042), self-reported history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (OR 3.19, 1.16–8.78, P = 0.024) and history of hypertension (OR 0.58, 0.38–0.89, P = 0.013). The results for gender suggested that women were at greater risk than men, but this was not statistically significant (OR 1.53, 0.99–2.38, P = 0.056). Conclusion Trunk varices occur very commonly in older age groups with increasing age, obesity and possibly female sex as risk factors. Associations found with DVT and hypertension were based on history alone and must be interpreted with caution.


2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Rustika Rustika ◽  
Esny Burase

Since 2014, the program to provide masks for Hajj pilgrims from Indonesia in Saudi Arabia as one of the efforts to prevent ISPA, continues to be increased in 2015 Ministry of Health Perform Movement Use Mask (GERMAS). Based on this case, this research focuses on the relationship of Knowledge and Attitude with Mask Usage Behavior among Prayer Hajj Indonesia in Saudi Arabia Year 2016 in preventing the incidence of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection. The design used is cross sectional with quantitative approach. The population in this study is all pilgrims who perform the pilgrimage, amounting to 168,800 people with a sample of 163 respondents. Data analysis techniques include univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with Chi-Square test, and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression test. The result of bivariate selection shows that the knowledge variable has no significant correlation with relationship p-value is 0.284 > 0.05. Where as attitude variable have relationship because p-value value 0.000 < 0.05. In multivariate analysis multiple logistic regression test showed that attitude variable which has the most dominant significance with the mask use on haj pilgrims with p-value 0.000 <0.05 and Odds Ratio 3.558. This means that attitude that does not support the use of masks has a 3 times chance of experiencing ISPA events. Abstrak Sejak tahun 2014 program pemberian masker bagi jemaah haji asal Indonesia di Arab Saudi sebagai salah satu upaya pencegahan ISPA, terus ditingkatkan pada tahun 2015 Kementerian Kesehatan melakukan Gerakan Memakai Masker (GERMAS). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat hubungan pengetahuan, sikap dengan tindakan penggunaan masker pada jemaah haji Indonesia. Desain yang digunakan cross sectional, dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah seluruh jemaah haji yang melakukan ibadah haji sebanyak 168.800 jiwa, sampel adalah jemaah haji Indonesia yang berada di Mekkah dan Madinah sebanyak 163 responden. Teknik analisis data meliputi analisis univariat, analisis bivariat dengan uji Chi-Square, dan analisis multivariat dengan menggunakan uji regresi logistik berganda. Hasil seleksi bivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel pengetahuan tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dimana nilai p-value 0,284 > 0,05, sedangkan variabel sikap memiliki hubungan karena nilai p-value 0,000 < 0,05. Pada analisis multivariat uji regresi logistik berganda diperoleh bahwa variabel sikap yang memiliki signifikansi paling dominan dengan penggunaan masker pada jemaah haji atau nilai p-value 0,000 < 0,05 dan Odds Ratio 3,558, artinya sikap yang tidak mendukung penggunaan masker berpeluang sebesar 3 kali mengalami kejadian ISPA.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengistu Ayenew ◽  
Teshome Kabeta ◽  
Kifle Woldemichael

Abstract Background: Street children constitute a marginalized population in most urban centers of the world. According to UN sources, there are up to 150 million street children in the world today. In Ethiopia, 150,000 children live on the streets in Ethiopia, about 60,000 of them in the capital. However, aid agencies estimate that the problem may be far more serious, with nearly 600,000 street children country-wide and over 100,000 in Addis Ababa. World Health Organization estimates that globally, 25- 90% of street children indulge in substance use. Even if substance use has become a common problem in Ethiopia, most of the studies done mainly focused among schools, college and university students. Research on street children and their substance use habits in Ethiopia, specifically in Jimma is limited that’s why the number of street children is not known. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and factors associated with substance use among street children in Jimma town of Ethiopia in 2019.Methods: Cross sectional study was undertaken from March 1-31, 2019. Complete enumeration of study subjects was done and all 312 children of the streets were included. Interviewer administered structured questionnaires was used to collect the data. Bivariable logistic regression was carried out to select candidate for multiple logistic regression analysis with p-value <0.25 at 95% confidence. Multiple logistic regression was carried out with those candidate variables using backward method and the association was declared with p value of <0.05 at 95% confidence level.Result: Three hundred twelve street children were included in the study. The prevalence of substance use was 96 (30.8%) with 95% CI [25-36.2]. Age>14 [AOR: 1.97 95%CI:1.00-3.889], attending grade 1-4th [AOR: 0.33 95%CI:0.151-0.737], attending 5th grade and above [AOR: 0.27 CI:0.093-0.756], child whose mother used substances [AOR: 7.78 95%CI:3.00-20.11], child didn’t know his maternal substance use status [AOR:5.1 95%CI: 2.19-11.81], child whose sibling use substance [AOR: 2.23 95%CI:1.254-5.63], best friend substance use [AOR: 11.01 95%CI:5.47-25.04] and staying 12-60 months on the street [AOR:3.00 95%CI:1.511-5.96] and staying >5 years on the street [AOR:4.6 95%CI:1.06-19.7] were significantly associated with substance use.Conclusion and recommendation: The prevalence of substance use among street children in Jimma town was high. Mothers and siblings have crucial roles in determining substance use behavior of the children. Stakeholders who are working on the improvement in the life of children of the street should try to satisfy the need of the children by intervening at individual level, at family or community level and at levels beyond community to lessen the problem to some extent. Researchers should do similar researches in more detail on these vulnerable but neglected groups of children to fully understand about the problem so the findings will be used as inputs for concerned bodies.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
Indria Pijaryani

The growth and development is an evolutionary process that includes the stages of change through a physical , cognitive , and emotional that can be identified . From the initial survey conducted by the researchers found two toddler nutrition toddler skinny and one fat nutritional status with the percentage ( 50 % ) are not age-appropriate development . This study used a cross sectional. Seen from the growth and nutritional status of pre- screening questionnaire development (KPSP). The sample amounted to 96 toddlers . Proportional sampling technique using random sampling . Data was collected through primary and secondary data . Data processed Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression . The results of both studies of protein intake with corresponding growth as much as 94.3 % , statistical tests showed no correlation with p value of 0.00 . Intake of omega- 3 well with normal growth and development as much as 96.2 % , statistical tests showed no p value of 0.008 . Intake of omega- 6 well with normal growth and development as much as 95 % , statistical tests showed no correlation with p value of 0.042. Zinc intake well with the corresponding growth as much as 95.7 % , statistical tests showed no correlation with p value 0.019 . Results of multiple logistic regression known intake of omega 3 are factors that influence the growth and development of the value ekponen is 9.209 , so the omega- 3 chance 9.2 times affect the growth and development of infants.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Triana Arisdiani ◽  
Ahmad Asyrofi

Waria dan kasus HIV/AIDS sangat erat kaitannya. Waria merupakan salah satu populasi kunci peningkatan HIV/AIDS. Kasus HIV/AIDS di Kabupaten Kendal diperkirakan berjumlah lebih dari 400 orang. Waria berkontribusi sebesar 3 % dari seluruh kasus HIV/AIDS yang ada di Kabupaten Kendal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adakah hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan sikap pencegahan HIV/AIDS pada waria di Kabupaten Kendal. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan total sampling dengan jumlah sampel 30 responden. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat. Analisis univariat menggunakan tendensi sentral pada variabel numerik, dan mengunakan distribusi frekuensi dan persentasi pada variabel kategorik. Analisis bivariat menggunakan metode Kendall’s tau kemudian dilakukan analisis statistic alternative menggunakan Fisher exac. Hasil perhitungan menggunakan Fisher exact didapatkan nilai p value 0,04 (P>0,05) menunjukkan adanya Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dengan Sikap Pencegahan HIV/AIDS pada Waria Kabupaten Kendal.   Kata kunci: pengetahuan, sikap pencegahan, HIV/AIDS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS HIV / AIDS PREVENTION IN TRANSGENDER   ABSTRACT Transvestites and HIV / AIDS cases are very closely related. Transgender is one of the key populations for increasing HIV / AIDS. It is estimated that HIV / AIDS cases in Kabupaten Kendal number more than 400 people. Transgender contributes 3% of all HIV/AIDS cases in Kendal Regency. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS prevention in transgender in Kendal District. The study used a cross sectional design. The sampling technique with total sampling with a sample of 30 respondents. Data analysis was carried out by univariate and bivariate. Univariate analysis uses central tendency on numerical variables, and uses frequency distribution and percentage in categorical variables. Bivariate analysis used the Kendall's method to know then an alternative statistical analysis was performed using Fisher exac. The calculation results using Fisher exact obtained a p value of 0.04 (P> 0.05) indicating a relationship between the Level of Knowledge and the Attitude of Prevention of HIV / AIDS in Kendal District Transgender.   Keywords: knowledge, attitude prevention, HIV/AIDS


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