scholarly journals Lived Experience of Transportation Network Company Driver About the Causes of High-risk Driving Behaviors: A Thematic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
Aref Shayganmehr ◽  
◽  
Fatemeh Hazratian ◽  
Robabeh Emrouzi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Human Life ◽  
World Health ◽  
External Control ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Abnormal Behaviors

Background: Nowadays, industrialization, using cars and consequently traffic jams are part of human life which grows every day. Along with the expansion of communication and transportation speed, the number and severity of traffic accidents increases. According to the World Health Organization, traffic accidents are now recognized as the ninth cause of death worldwide. In Iran, traffic accidents after cardiovascular diseases are the second leading cause of death. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was designed and implemented to determine driver’s views and opinions in two cities of Warsaw, Poland, and Tabriz, Iran, about driver’s high-risk behaviors. This study was conducted using in-depth interviews with 27 drivers. The study results were divided into four main questions about driving behaviors, reasons for driving abnormal behaviors, the prevalence and causes of abnormal behaviors, and suggested measures to correct these behaviors. Results: The study results were divided into six main themes of driving norms, individual factors, social factors, external factors, driving skills, and driving laws. Our findings indicate that drivers are more likely to rely on individual skills in driving in unacceptable conditions. In other words, they ignore the rules and regulations. But, when driving in high standards conditions and good facilities, drivers accept the rules and prioritize them. Conclusion: Internal control should be considered a helpful complement to external control, and that external control provides the highest efficiency when it comes with internal control. To internalize norms and observe driving laws and regulations, the authors suggest removing obstacles such as distrust among drivers regarding the effectiveness of driving laws, unawareness of breaking the laws, lack of job satisfaction, low level of participation, and structural barriers. Also, roads and vehicle safety must be improved along with a better track of the drivers’ behavior.

scholarly journals The Correlation of Age, Gender, Heredity, Smoking Habit, Obesity, and Salt Consumption with Hypertension Grade in Cirebon, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Alif Hamzah ◽  
Uswatun Khasanah ◽  
Dini Norviatin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The World

Background: Hypertension is one of the most global killer diseases that causes death. The World Health Or- ganiza on es mated around 1.5 billion people in the world will be diagnosed with hypertension every year. The increasing incidences of hypertension in the world may be affected by several predictors including age, sex-linked, heredity, smoking habit, obesity, and salt consump on. This study has objec ve to examine those predictors to hypertension grade. Methods: This research was used observa onal analy c method with cross-sec onal study. This study involved 136 respondents who came to Kalijaga Permai Public Health Center, Cirebon City. The variables were measured by microtoise, sphygmomanometer, stethoscope, scales, and ques onnaires. Spearman correla on test and lo- gis c regression test was analyzed for this study. Results: 59.9% of respondents were in hypertension grade 1 and 54% of respondents were in high risk age. The bivariate results revealed that age, sex-linked, heredity, and salt consump on were sta s cally correlated with hypertension grade (p=0.001). However, smoking habit and obesity were not sta s cally correlated. Mul vari- ate analysis found that those who add extra salt were 3.3 mes more likely to have hypertension grade 2 and those in high risk age were 3.1 more likely to have hypertension grade 2 as well. Compared with female and those who have nega ve heredity, male and posi ve heredity were 2.7 mes more likely to have hypertension grade 2. Conclusion: Salt consump on, age, sex-linked, heredity was significantly correlated with hypertension grade. Salt consump on was a risk factors which has the highest impact. Public health center should educate people about the recommenda on of daily salt intake to prevent the excessive intake that may affect hypertension.

scholarly journals A Review of the Traffic Accidents and Related Practices Worldwide

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ahmed Mohammed ◽  
Kamarudin Ambak ◽  
Ahmed Mancy Mosa ◽  
Deprizon Syamsunur
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
World Health ◽  
African Region ◽  
Injury Death

A traffic accident, a traffic collision or crash occurs when a vehicle collides with another vehicle, pedestrian, animal, road barriers, or any stationary obstruction such as a tree or a utility pole. Traffic collisions may result in injury, death, vehicle damage and possession damage. Motor vehicle collisions cause death and disability as well as a financial burden. Traffic accidents cause many losses especially of human life, property damages, and loss of resources. Indeed, even in strife influenced countries such as Afghanistan, Libya, Pakistan, and Yemen, road traffic remains the most common cause of fatal injuries, causing between two and eight times more fatalities than war and lawful mediation. The World Health Organization (WHO) 2013 assessed the traffic casualty rate in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) to be the second most elevated rate universally after the African Region and extending a few other countries in the region. The aim of this paper was to enrich the global highway safety knowledge by revealing the catastrophic impact of traffic accidents on the economy of the societies and the safety of the common worldwide.

A network-constrained spatial identification of high-risk roads for hit-parked-vehicle collisions in Brisbane, Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-282
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Siqin Wang ◽  
Xuanming Fu ◽  
Bin Xie
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Point Pattern Analysis ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Spatial Patterning ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Intersections

The severe loss of human life and material damage caused by traffic accidents is a growing concern faced by many countries across the world. In Australia, despite a decline in the total number of traffic collisions since 2001, the number of hit-parked-vehicle (HPV) collisions as a special type of road accident has increased over time. Utilizing the road collisions and roadway network data in Brisbane, Australia over a 10-year period from 2001 to 2010, we generated graphics illustrating the spatial patterning of high-risk road segments for HPV crashes identified using the local indicator of network-constrained clusters (LINCS) approach. These spatial patterns vary by days of the week and times of the day. Roads with high risk for HPV collision tend to occur in high-density road networks and cluster around road intersections. The methodology applied in this work is applicable to other network-constrained point-pattern analysis.

scholarly journals A MODEL SUGGESTION FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE TRAFFIC ACCIDENT HOTSPOTS ON THE TURKISH HIGHWAY ROAD NETWORK: A PILOT STUDY

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saffet Erdogan ◽  
Veli Ilçi ◽  
Omer M. Soysal ◽  
Aysegul Kormaz
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Hotspot Detection ◽  
Crash Frequency ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Traffic accidents are very serious problems for human life and the environment. In road safety, it is crucial to identify the high risk locations to apply proper counter measures. This paper aims at introducing outcomes of a pilot project whose main goal is to develop a GIS based crash analysis system integrated with the quantitative methods for identification of high risk locations on road networks in Turkey. In this concept, traditional hotspot detection methods used in Turkey(crash frequency, rate, and severity) are compared with the spatial statistical methods including Moran's I, GetisOrd G and planar and network kernel density estimation in terms of their sensitivity to spatial characteristics of crash clusters. Many countries use traditional hotspot detection approaches such as crash frequency, crash rate, and crash severity as well as Turkey. In this project, we aimed at obtaining a model including different hotspot identification methods for the safety program of Turkey. In order to obtain the model, many hotspot detection methods will be used and compare stage by stage. In the first stage, the seven methods mentioned above are used and examined. Although some of these methods are compared in couple, there is no study using all these methods together extensively in the literature. Methods validated with a different spatial vantage points. Repetitiveness of hotspots in a seven years period are used to compare the methods. Meanwhile advantages and disadvantages of the methods according to location of hotspots are examined additionally. Results show that using planar KDE with Gi in the junction locations and using planar KDE with Moran's I in the straight road locations could improve the model while determining hotspots.

Simulation study of traffic accidents on a three-lane highway

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jau-Yang Chang ◽  
Wun-Cing Lai
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Traffic Flow Model ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Driving Behaviors

Unsuitable driving behaviors often lead to the occurrence of traffic accidents. To reduce accidents and to prolong human life, simulated investigations are highly desirable to evaluate the effect of traffic safety in terms of number of traffic accidents. In this paper, a three-lane traffic flow model is proposed to analyze the probability of the occurrence of traffic accidents on highway. We define appropriate driving rules for the forward moving and lane changing of the vehicles. Three types of vehicle accidents are designed to investigate the relationships between different driving behaviors and traffic accidents. We simulate four road driving strategies, and compute the traffic flow, velocity, lane-changing frequency and the probability of the occurrence of traffic accidents for different road driving strategies. According to the simulation and analysis, it is shown that the probability of the occurrence of traffic accidents can be reduced by using the specified road driving strategies. Additionally, we found that the occurrence of traffic accidents can be avoided when the slow vehicles are suitably constrained to move on a three-lane highway.

ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (05) ◽  
pp. 621-626
Author(s):  
Mariam Arif ◽  
Mushtaq Ahmed ◽  
Syed Hamad Rasool
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medicine Department ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
History Of

The specter of road traffic injuries takes a greater toll on human life every dayon our roads. Objectives: To analyze the demographic and injury profile of autopsy caseswith an alleged history of RTA (Road traffic accidents). Design: Retrospective study. Setting:Forensic Medicine Department of Nishtar Medical College, Multan. Period: January 2010 toDecember 2013. Material and Methods: 116 autopsy cases with an alleged history of RTA.Data collected pertaining to history, epidemiology, details of injuries and cause of death etc.was statistically analyzed on SPSS version17. Results: Out of 116 autopsies on RTA victims,46.55% victims were between 21-40 years with male: female ratio of 1.9:1. Maximum numberof accidents occurred during day time between 6 am and 5:59 pm (62.06%). 79.31% died atthe site of accidents. Pedestrians were the commonest victims (81.89%). Four wheelers causedmost of RTA 51(43.96%). The cause of death was opined to be head injury in 45.68% of cases.Conclusion: Addressing road safety in a comprehensive manner necessitates the involvementof multiple sectors, such as health, transport and police.

Impact of the Locus of Causality and Internal Control on the Social Utility of Causal Explanations

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Perrin ◽  
Benoît Testé
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
External Control ◽  
Job Interview ◽  
Locus Of Causality ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Professional Success ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types

Research into the norm of internality ( Beauvois & Dubois, 1988 ) has shown that the expression of internal causal explanations is socially valued in social judgment. However, the value attributed to different types of internal explanations (e.g., efforts vs. traits) is far from homogeneous. This study used the Weiner (1979 ) tridimensional model to clarify the factors explaining the social utility attached to internal versus external explanations. Three dimensions were manipulated: locus of causality, controllability, and stability. Participants (N = 180 students) read the explanations expressed by appliants during a job interview. They then described the applicants on the French version of the revised causal dimension scale and rated their future professional success. Results indicated that internal-controllable explanations were the most valued. In addition, perceived internal and external control of explanations were significant predictors of judgments.

A(H1N1)v cases of the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 influenza seasons in the Medical and Health Sciences Centre of Debrecen University

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (17) ◽  
pp. 649-654
Author(s):  
Piroska Orosi ◽  
Judit Szidor ◽  
Tünde Tóthné Tóth ◽  
József Kónya
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
National Level ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
High Risk Patient ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
World Health ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Health Organization

The swine-origin new influenza variant A(H1N1) emerged in 2009 and changed the epidemiology of the 2009/2010 influenza season globally and at national level. Aims: The aim of the authors was to analyse the cases of two influenza seasons. Methods: The Medical and Health Sciences Centre of Debrecen University has 1690 beds with 85 000 patients admitted per year. The diagnosis of influenza was conducted using real-time polymerase chain reaction in the microbiological laboratories of the University and the National Epidemiological Centre, according to the recommendation of the World Health Organization. Results: The incidence of influenza was not higher than that observed in the previous season, but two high-risk patient groups were identified: pregnant women and patients with immunodeficiency (oncohematological and organ transplant patients). The influenza vaccine, which is free for high-risk groups and health care workers in Hungary, appeared to be effective for prevention, because in the 2010/2011 influenza season none of the 58 patients who were administered the vaccination developed influenza. Conclusion: It is an important task to protect oncohematological and organ transplant patients. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 649–654.

Progression to and Prevention of Diabetes: Disparity of Impaired Fasting Glucose and Impaired Glucose Tolerance - Review Article

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 829-836
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
World Health ◽  
Risk Of Progression

It is well established that individuals who have prediabetes either impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) have high risk to develop diabetes. However, it is unclear whether the rate of progression to diabetes is different between these two categories. Lifestyle modification has been recommended for diabetes prevention in these high-risk groups. However, given the differences in their pathophysiology, it is possible that these subtypes of prediabetes condition may have different responses to lifestyle modification. The present review was to summarize the risk of progression to diabetes and the effectiveness of lifestyle intervention for diabetes prevention in individuals who have isolated IGT or isolated IFG or combined. The risk of progression to diabetes is highest in combined IFG and IGT subtype. Individuals who have isolated IFG by the American Diabetes Association criteria (100 to 125 mg/dl) has lower risk of progression to diabetes than those with World Health Organization criteria (110 to 125 mg/dl) and the latter has similar or higher risk of incident diabetes than those with isolated IGT. Lifestyle modification is most effective in individuals with IGT (with or without IFG) but is less effective in those with isolated IFG. In conclusion, The risk of progression to diabetes and the effectiveness of lifestyle intervention for diabetes prevention are disparate between prediabetes subtypes. Given the paucity of diabetes prevention data in individuals with isolated IFG, more studies dedicated to this subtype is required. Keywords: Impaired fasting glucose, Impaired glucose tolerance, Prediabetes, Type 2 diabetes, Lifestyle intervention, Diabetes prevention

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