scholarly journals Explaining the Obsessive-compulsive Symptoms Based on Cognitive Flexibility and Social Cognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-242
Author(s):  
Shima Pajouhinia ◽  
◽  
Yalda Abavisani ◽  
Zahra Rezazadeh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Academic Year

Objective: Cognitive flexibility and social cognition are the appropriate models for understanding psychological problems, through which people can meet various challenges. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cognitive flexibility and social cognition with obsessive-compulsive symptoms among female students at Allameh Tabataba’i University. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 200 students female students at Allameh Tabataba’i University in Tehran studying in the academic year 2018-2019 selected by random multiple cluster sampling method. The used tools were cognitive flexibility inventory, student social cognition questionnaire, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms inventory. Results: There was a negative significant correlation between the total score of obsessive-compulsive symptoms with cognitive flexibility and social cognition. In addition, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that cognitive flexibility and social cognition can explain obsessive-compulsive symptoms in students. Conclusion: Studying cognitive flexibility and social cognition is an efficient method to understand the underlying factors associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Evaluation of these factors can be useful in the prevention and treatment of these symptoms.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Motivation and Academic Performance in Chiropractic Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. p50
Author(s):  
Niu Zhang ◽  
Xiaohua He
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Academic Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chiropractic Students ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Motivation Score

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between motivation and academic performance in chiropractic students. This was a cross-sectional study. Three hundred and sixty-two students were recruited from the 1st and 3rd quarters during the 2017-2018 academic year. Out of 362 students, 305 completed the Inventory of School Motivation (ISM). Total scores from the 1st quarter General Anatomy course and the 3rd quarter Immunology/Endocrinology course were used to measure the 1st quarter and 3rd quarter academic performance, respectively. The mean total motivation score for all students was 28.40 ± 3.79 (mean ± SD). There was no signi?cant difference in total motivation score between students in the two quarters (p > .05). The mean of the 1st quarter praise scores was statistically significantly higher than those of the 3rd quarter (p < .05). The means of three motivation subscale scores for females were signi?cantly higher than that for males (task, effort, and praise, p < .05) while the mean competition score for males was signi?cantly higher than that for females (p < .01). The linear analysis demonstrated a weak but statistically significant correlation of task (r = .11, p < .05) and effort (r = .13, p < .05) with academic performance indicating that task and effort were minor predictors of academic outcome (p < .05).There was a weak, but statistically significant positive correlation between the three motivation subscales and academic performance. Female students scored significantly higher on three motivation subscales while males scored higher on one.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic fears and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in adolescents with pre-existing mental disorders: An exploratory cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910452110176
Author(s):  
Yasser Saeed Khan ◽  
Muayad Jouda ◽  
Yahia Albobali ◽  
Manal Osman Abouelseoud ◽  
Aouatef Souid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Previous research has established an association between pandemic fears and the development of obsessive-compulsive symptoms mainly in the general population. Aim: To explore whether COVID-19 pandemic fears are associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms and vice versa in adolescents with preexisting mental and behavioural disorders. Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study among adolescents with pre-existing mental disorders. The extent of worrying related to the COVID-19 pandemic was measured using the COVID-19 inventory whereas obsessive-compulsive symptoms were assessed using the obsessive-compulsive inventory-revised (OCI-R). Pearson correlation coefficient ( r) was used to explore the relationship between COVID-19 pandemic fears and the development of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Results: A total of 57 patients out of 63 participants (90.4%) had a COVID-19 inventory score of 12 or higher suggesting that a vast majority of young people with mental disorders had significant pandemic-related worries. Out of these 57 patients, over half (31) had an OCI-R modified score of 17 or higher indicating significant obsessive-compulsive symptoms. A positive correlation was found between the means of the two scores. This relationship was statistically significant – { r = 0.405, Sig. (two-tailed) = 0.001}. Conclusion: Adolescents with mental disorders can exhibit significant pandemic fears and this is likely to be associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

scholarly journals Drug Abuse Prevalence Among 10th - 12th-Grade Students of Kerman, Iran in 2017 - 2018 Academic Year

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Mazhari ◽  
Hassan Ziaaddini ◽  
Nozar Nakhaee ◽  
Azam Kermanian
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Substance Involvement ◽  
Academic Year

Background: It is generally accepted that due to various reasons, the age of drug abuse prevalence continues to decline, which imposes numerous personal and social dysfunctions. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of drug abuse among adolescents in Kerman, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,000 10th - 12th-grade students in the academic year of 2017 - 2018 selected by random cluster sampling. Data collection tools included demographic characteristics checklist and alcohol smoking and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST). Data were analyzed using chi-square test. Results: The results showed that the highest prevalence of substance abuse among students was related to tobacco, alcohol, and sedatives. It was also demonstrated that the use of cigarettes, sedatives, cannabis, and amphetamine was significantly higher among male subjects compared to female participants (P < 0.05). Moreover, 16.4, 12.9, and 5.1% of the tobacco, alcohol, and sedative users required low interventions, respectively, whereas 1.5, 0.8, and 0.4% of them required high interventions, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, there was higher drug abuse prevalence in male students compared to female students. As such, it seems that consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and narcotics in adolescents requires serious intervention.

scholarly journals Overweight and obesity in 16–18 years old teenagers in South Jakarta and the relationship with academic performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Marie Christabelle ◽  
Bernie Endyarni Medise
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Academic Year

Objective: In different parts of the world, Indonesia included, overweight and obese people are seen to have worse performance compared to their healthy counterparts. Although there were research that had been done to observe the relationship between overweight, obesity, and academic performance, the results obtained were still divided into significantly and non-significantly related.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done to 373 students from two different schools in South Jakarta on December 2017–January 2018. Data was obtained by measuring height and weight of the participant to get his/her nutritional status and the average of participant’s odd semester Continual Assessment and Semestral Assessment of Academic Year 2017/2018 to see if the result was higher or equal to the passing grade.Results: Data analysis with chi square test shows that there was no significant relationship between overweight, obesity, and academic performance (p = 0.452 for Indonesian Language and p = 0.476 for Mathematics) although overweight and obese students tend to have better performance in some exam.Conclusion: The events that lead to overweight, obesity, and one’s academic performance are all multifactorial that the relationship between the two is difficult to be determined.

scholarly journals The relationship between social media use, eating attitude and body mass index among nutrition and dietetic female students: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Fatma Esra Güneş ◽  
Şule Aktaç ◽  
Dicle Kargin
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Eating Attitude ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Abnormal Eating Attitudes ◽  
Abnormal Eating ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between media using habits, frequency and duration, and body mass index on eating attitudes. Material and methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted with female students who received nutrition and dietetics education in Istanbul. A questionnaire consisting of a socio-demographic questionnaire, Eating Attitude Test (EAT-40), and Social Media Attitude Scale was applied to 1248 female volunteers by the face-to-face interview method.Results: It was found that 35.7% of the participants had abnormal eating attitudes and 89.6% showed a positive attitude towards social media. 93.7% of the group with abnormal eating attitudes indicated a positive attitude towards social media, 0.4% had a negative attitude and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). It was observed that a significant difference between EAT-40 and thought of an eating problem, having a social media membership, and spending time on social media (p<0.05).Conclusions: Social media have an effect on nutrition dietetics students on abnormal eating attitude; it did not show a significant effect on BMI.

scholarly journals Examining the Relationship between Cellphone Use Behavior, Perceived Exercise Benefit and Physical Exercise Level among University Students in Taiwan

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Mei-Ling Lin ◽  
Wen-Yi Wang ◽  
Chun-Chin Liao ◽  
Yu-Jy Luo ◽  
Chun-Chieh Kao
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
University Students ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Use Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated how perceived exercise benefit affects the relationship between cellphone usage and physical activity level. This cross-sectional study performed a survey of Taiwanese university students selected using cluster sampling. A total of 975 students were recruited (male = 367, female = 608, average age = 20.10 ± 1.42). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression. The results show that cellphone usage was negatively correlated with physical activity level, whereas perceived exercise benefit was negatively correlated with cellphone usage and positively correlated with physical activity level. In hierarchical regression, the main effects of cellphone usage and perceived exercise benefit explained 22% of the variance in physical activity level. After controlling for the main effect, the interaction term accounted for an additional 1% of the variance. Cellphone usage and perceived exercise benefit thus had significant power to explain physical activity level. The results of this study reveal a novel phenomenon—that students who perceived the benefits of exercise to be greater are more physically active.

The relationship between anxiety and social support in male and female students in high schools in the southeast of Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Batool Pouraboli ◽  
Faroukh Abazari ◽  
Tahere Abbasi ◽  
Ali Mehdizadeh ◽  
Yunes Jahani
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Social Support Scale ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Adolescence is associated with physical, social and personality changes. Adolescents usually face some fears during this period, the removal and adjustment of which requires family and teachers’ support and the lack of attention to the issues of maturity will have negative effects on their health, awareness and self-esteem. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety and social support among male and femaille students in high schools in the southeast of Iran. Materials and methods In this cross-sectional study that was conducted as a descriptive comparison, 452 students who were studying in the first period of high school in Kerman (junior high schools) were selected as the entire population by the cluster sampling method and the data collection instruments were: a demographic questionnaire, Philips Social Support Scale and the Cattle Anxiety Scale. As well as descriptive statistics, to test the hypothesis of this study by SPSS software, and in the case of abnormal distribution of each variable, non-parametric tests were used. Results The results showed that anxiety in girls is great than in boys, also data analysis through Pearson’s test showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between anxiety and social support in girls (r = −0.428, n = 226, p < 0.001) and boys (r = −0.378, n = 226, p < 0.001). Conclusion The results of research showed that by increasing perceptions of social support in students, their anxiety decreases. Therefore, paying attention to the social determinants of health such as social support is important and necessary to reduce the anxiety of students.

scholarly journals Body dissatisfaction in Brazilian schoolchildren: prevalence and associated factors

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Poyastro Pinheiro ◽  
Elsa Regina Justo Giugliani
Keyword(s):  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of body dissatisfaction and associated factors in 8- to 11-year-old schoolchildren. METHODS: A cross-sectional study including children aged 8- to 11-years enrolled in public and private schools in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil, was carried out from August to December, 2001. A total of 901 subjects were selected through cluster sampling. Participants answered a questionnaire aimed at measuring body dissatisfaction and self-esteem and questions about family and social pressures on weight change. Height and weight were measured. The relationship between body dissatisfaction and the variables studied was measured by logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of body dissatisfaction was 82%. Fifty-five percent of the girls wanted a thinner body size, and 28% desired a larger one; the estimates for the boys were 43% and 38%, respectively. Children with the lowest self-esteem (OR=1.80; 95% CI: 1.13-2.89) and who thought their parents (OR=6.10; 95% CI: 2.95-12.60) and friends (OR=1.81; 95% CI: 1.02-3.20) expected them to be thinner showed a higher chance of presenting body dissatisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Body dissatisfaction was highly prevalent among the evaluated schoolchildren, especially in those with lower self-esteem and who thought their parents and friends expected them to be thinner.

scholarly journals Relations Between Executive Functions and Different Symptomatic Dimensions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (61) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Pedron ◽  
Ygor Arzeno Ferrão ◽  
Léia Gonçalves Gurgel ◽  
Caroline Tozzi Reppold
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Relationship

There is no consensus in the literature as to neuropsychological functioning, the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and the definitions of the OCS dimensions. We conducted a cross-sectional study investigating the relationship between executive function and OCS severity in the various dimensions, according to the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale criteria. We evaluated 28 patients with OCS, using eight neuropsychological instruments to evaluate executive function. We found that OCS severity in the contamination/cleaning dimension correlates negatively with executive function, inhibitory control and attentional control. Severity in the hoarding dimension correlated positively with cognitive flexibility, visual processing and logical reasoning, whereas it correlated negatively with the capacity to develop efficient complex problem-solving strategies. There was also a positive correlation between severity in the symmetry/ordering dimension and attentional control. Our findings suggest that the profile of executive function in OCD is defined by the severity of the various OCS dimensions.

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