Non-observed Economy in the CIS Countries

2009 ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Yu. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
International Standards ◽  
General Level ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
System Of National Accounts ◽  
The World ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Key Indicators

The article contains a review of underlying concepts and definitions of non-observed economy which are formulated in the international standards on this topic and used by the CIS countries for computation of GDP and other key indicators of the System of National Accounts. The article considers the methods used for measuring non-observed economy and some figures on the share of non-observed economy in GDP of the CIS countries and other selected countries of the world. Perfection of methods of measuring non-observed economy and raising reliability of its estimates requires improvement of general level of work on compilation of national accounts.

scholarly journals Implementation of International Standards in Russia's Foreign Trade Statistics

2015 ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
N. E. Grigoruk ◽  
S. A. Galkin
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
External Trade ◽  
System Of National Accounts ◽  
Methodological Problems

The article analyzes the basic documents of international organizations in recent years, which have become the global standard for the development and improvement of statistics of foreign economic relations of most countries, including the Russian Federation. The article describes the key features of the theory and practice of modern foreign trade statistics in Russia and abroad, with an emphasis on the methodological problems of its main parts - the external trade statistics. It shows their interpretation in the most recent recommendations by UN statistical apparatus and other international organizations; considers a range of problems associated with the implementation of the national statistical practices of countries, including Russia and the countries of the Customs Union, the main international standard of foreign trade statistics - UN document "International Merchandise Trade Statistics". The main attention is paid to methodological issues such as: the criteria for selecting the objects of statistical accounting in accordance with international standards, quantitative and cost parameters of foreign trade statistics, statistical methods and estimates of commodity exports and imports, the problems of comparability of data; to a comparison of international standards in 2010 with documents on key precursor methodology of foreign trade statistics, characterized by the practice of introducing these standards in the foreign trade statistics of Russia and the countries of the Customs Union. The article analyzes the content given in the official statistical manuals of Russia foreign trade and foreign countries, covers the main methodological problems of World Trade in conjunction with the major current international statistical standards - System of National Accounts, Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services and other documents; provides specific data describing the current structure of Russian foreign trade and especially its position in international trade in goods and services.

scholarly journals Measuring Electoral Integrity around the World: A New Dataset

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (04) ◽  
pp. 789-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pippa Norris ◽  
Richard W. Frank ◽  
Ferran Martínez i Coma
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Point Index ◽  
Electoral Cycle ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
New Evidence

ABSTRACTMany contentious elections end in disputes about alleged fraud, irregularities, and malpractices. How do we know when these claims are valid and when they are false complaints from sore losers? This article describes a new dataset developed by the Electoral Integrity Project. Based on a survey of election experts, the research provides new evidence to compare how national contests around the world are meeting international standards of electoral integrity. The questionnaire includes 49 key indicators clustered into 11 stages of the electoral cycle, as well as generating an overall summary Perception of Electoral Integrity (PEI) 100-point index. The evidence displays high levels of external validity, internal validity, and legitimacy. The PEI datasets allow researchers to gauge the perceived quality of elections worldwide. This study summarizes the PEI’s research design, compares the quality of elections around the globe, and illustrates how electoral integrity is linked with both democracy and development.

scholarly journals Use of terms of a conceptual framework of economy in various branches of the right

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Oleg Shumilin ◽  
Nikolay Kuzin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
System Of National Accounts ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The World ◽  
Model Of Management ◽  
The Media ◽  
Correct Application ◽  
The Right

Entering into the world economic system required the Russian economy to transform the administrative model of management and certain efforts to introduce and use economic classifications used by the countries of the world in their daily activities. First of all, the introduction of new terms into modern economic activity is associated with the introduction in our country of the system of national accounts with all related classifiers. In statistical materials and in scientific circulation, such terms as the type of economic activity and the economic sector are now used. These economic terms are enshrined in regulatory legal acts. However, in the media, regulatory legal documents, and in a number of economic publications, either outdated economic terms are used to refer to the industry, or the term, the economic sector, is incorrectly interpreted. The article proposes to draw the attention of lawyers and economists to the correct application of economic terms. The presented material also draws attention to the unjustifiably wide use of the term «audit» in modern domestic legal and economic literature and in regulatory legal documents.

The Tenth Anniversary of the System of National Accounts in the CIS Countries (the Results and Problems)

2004 ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
Yu. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
System Of National Accounts ◽  
Cis Countries

The article summarizes major results of the work carried out in Russia and other CIS countries during the last ten years on introduction into regular statistical practice of the System of National Accounts, the concepts and definitions of which have been designed for description and analysis of the market economy. The progress achieved by the countries in this area makes it possible for the governments to use the SNA data for formulating economic policy. At the same time the article discusses the problems which require further efforts by the statistical services of the CIS countries; the solution of these problems is essential for enhancing reliability and analytical usefulness of the principle indicators of the SNA.

On the Origin and Development of the System of National Accounts

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Ivanov ◽  
B. T. Ryabushkin
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
International Standards ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
International Standard ◽  
System Of National Accounts ◽  
Major Market ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
New Treatment

The article covers milestones of the system of national accounts (SNA) development. In particular, it is noted that the SNA was developed in response to the need of governments of the major market economies in macroeconomic statistics to guide decision-making for combatting the effects of the Great Economic Depression of 1929–1933. The authors address the SNA evolution in a context of the development of concepts, definitions, and classifications, furnishing the basis for a system of interrelated and mutually agreed measures of economic development at the macro level.Development of the SNA theory and methodology was closely linked with real change in a global economy, reflected the emergence of new forms of organization of economic process, new methods of financing investments, the growing role of foreign investments, globalization.The authors note a valuable contribution of a galaxy of eminent economists of the last century to the SNA theory and methodology elaboration. The article discusses at some length the role of international organizations in the development of theoretical and methodological foundations of the SNA. After the Second World War, these organizations released several critical documents with recommendations on the SNA compilation, recognized as international standards. The authors analyze the current international standard – the SNA 2008. In particular, the new treatment of expenditures on research and development and weapons systems. This treatment introduces a very noticeable adjustment in understanding important structural characteristics of the modern economy in many countries.The final part of the article considers issues of developing the SNA in national statistics, previously focused on the balance of the national economy (BNH). There are specific features of the transition from the world’s first developed system of interrelated macroeconomic indicators, the BNH, to the international standard, the SNA, adapted to modern realities of unctioning of market economy in Russia.

TO THE QUESTION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR TORTURE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
ASTEMIR ZHURTOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Life ◽  
International Standards ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Russian Federation

Cruel and inhumane acts that harm human life and health, as well as humiliate the dignity, are prohibited in most countries of the world, and Russia is no exception in this issue. The article presents an analysis of the institution of responsibility for torture in the Russian Federation. The author comes to the conclusion that the current criminal law of Russia superficially and fragmentally regulates liability for torture, in connection with which the author formulated the proposals to define such act as an independent crime. In the frame of modern globalization, the world community pays special attention to the protection of human rights, in connection with which large-scale international standards have been created a long time ago. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international acts enshrine prohibitions of cruel and inhumane acts that harm human life and health, as well as degrade the dignity.Considering the historical experience of the past, these standards focus on the prohibition of any kind of torture, regardless of the purpose of their implementation.

Evaluation and Review of Sport in the Context of Current Social Trends

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Dragan Koković
Keyword(s):  
General Level ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Body Culture ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Reasonable Use

AbstractGeneral level of culture does not mean that everyone is expected to become, for example, a writer, an artist, a poet, an actor or a painter but it assumes enabling people to enjoy culture and arts, and expand the range of possible enjoyments in life and the world. Likewise, introduction of children, boys and girls into the world of body culture should enrich them in this regard. Ethical and moral changes will significantly change the form of physical culture and education, and the sports life in general. Aggressiveness, false prestige, self‐centredness, foul motive of achievement will be found under review. There may come a time when the sports victory will be considered and respected primarily as a result of successful mastering the strengths of one's own nature and their reasonable use. Any violence against one's own body will be considered as educational and sports misfortune or accident, as something that belongs to the ethical despise and not to the established and existing ethical norms.

State Marketing as a Factor in the Strengthening of Macroeconomic Indicators

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anara Kamalova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Public Services ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
External Market ◽  
The World ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Internal Potential

This article deals with the state of marketing and its role in strengthening macroeconomic indicators of the Kyrgyz Republic, but it does not apply in the country properly. The need for the use of state marketing is intensifying with the entering of Kyrgyzstan to EEU as a member. To improve the structure of foreign trade, it is proposed marketing initiatives and research on the study of the external market, the internal potential of the country, specialization of production, the creation of "umbrella brand" for the country, the best way of satisfying consumers of public services, effective control of the quality and safety of products, regulation of the relevant parameters, that meet international standards, the fight against counterfeit, creating a positive image of Kyrgyzstan in the world and others.

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