Evaluating Malware Detection System using Machine Learning Algorithms

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
S. Bhaskara Naik ◽  
B. Mahesh
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Complete Work ◽  
Matthew Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Mlp Classifier

Malware, is any program or document that is unsafe to a PC client. Kinds of malware can incorporate PC infections, worms, Trojan ponies and spyware. These noxious projects can play out an assortment of capacities like taking, scrambling or erasing touchy information, adjusting or commandeering center processing capacities and observing clients' PC action. Malware identification is the way toward checking the PC and documents to distinguish malware. It is viable at distinguishing malware on the grounds that it includes numerous instruments and approaches. It's anything but a single direction measure, it's very intricate. The beneficial thing is malware identification and evacuation take under 50 seconds as it were. The outstanding development of malware is representing an extraordinary risk to the security of classified data. The issue with a significant number of the current order calculations is their small presentation in term of their capacity to identify and forestall malware from tainting the PC framework. There is a critical need to assess the exhibition of the current Machine Learning characterization calculations utilized for malware identification. This will help in making more hearty and productive calculations that have the ability to conquer the shortcomings of the current calculations. As of late, AI methods have been the main focus of the security specialists to distinguish malware and foresee their families powerfully. Yet, to the best of our information, there exists no complete work that looks at and assesses a sufficient number of machine learning strategies for characterizing malware and favorable examples. In this work, we led a set of examinations to assess AI strategies for distinguishing malware and their classification into respective families powerfully. This investigation did the presentation assessment of some characterization calculations like J45, LMT, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, MLP Classifier, Random Tree, AdaBoost, KStar. The presentation of the calculations was assessed as far as Accuracy, Precision, Recall, Kappa Statistics, F-Measure, Matthew Correlation Coefficient, Receiver Operator Characteristics Area and Root Mean Squared Error utilizing WEKA AI and information mining recreation device. Our test results showed that Random Forest calculation delivered the best exactness of 99.2%. This decidedly shows that the Random Forest calculation accomplishes great precision rates in identifying malware.

scholarly journals Predicting Future Products Rate using Machine Learning Algorithms

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Shaimaa Mahmoud ◽  
◽  
Mahmoud Hussein ◽  
Arabi Keshk
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Random Forest Regression ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Squared Error

Opinion mining in social networks data is considered as one of most important research areas because a large number of users interact with different topics on it. This paper discusses the problem of predicting future products rate according to users’ comments. Researchers interacted with this problem by using machine learning algorithms (e.g. Logistic Regression, Random Forest Regression, Support Vector Regression, Simple Linear Regression, Multiple Linear Regression, Polynomial Regression and Decision Tree). However, the accuracy of these techniques still needs to be improved. In this study, we introduce an approach for predicting future products rate using LR, RFR, and SVR. Our data set consists of tweets and its rate from 1:5. The main goal of our approach is improving the prediction accuracy about existing techniques. SVR can predict future product rate with a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.4122, Linear Regression model predict with a Mean Squared Error of 0.4986 and Random Forest Regression can predict with a Mean Squared Error of 0.4770. This is better than the existing approaches accuracy.

Machine Learning Assisted Design for Active Cathode Materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihan Yong ◽  
Zhuoyuan Zheng ◽  
Pingfeng Wang ◽  
Yumeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Crystal System ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The traditional way of designing materials, including experimental measurement and computational simulation, are not efficient. Machine learning is considered a promising solution for material design in the recent years. By observing from previous data, machine learning finds patterns, learns from the patterns and predict the material properties. In this study, machine learning methods are used for discovering new cathode with better properties, includes crystal system learning and the property prediction. K-Folder cross-validation is used for finding the best training data with a limited dataset, nevertheless increasing the percentage of training data would ultimately result in better performance on prediction. It is found that, random forest gives the highest average accuracy in crystal system classification, meanwhile, extra randomized tree algorithm provides a higher averaged coefficient of determination and lower mean squared error in the regression model predicting electrical properties of cathodes. The random forest algorithm is chosen from a wide range of machine learning algorithms with the implementation of Monte Carlo validation. Based on the feature importance evaluation, oxygen contents are found to have the highest effects in determining capacity gravity and volume change in properties prediction.

Supervised Classifier Approach for Intrusion Detection on KDD with Optimal MapReduce Framework Model in Cloud Computing

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ilayaraja ◽  
S. Hemalatha ◽  
P. Manickam ◽  
K. Sathesh Kumar ◽  
K. Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Detection System ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Mapreduce Model ◽  
The Web

Cloud computing is characterized as the arrangement of assets or administrations accessible through the web to the clients on their request by cloud providers. It communicates everything as administrations over the web in view of the client request, for example operating system, organize equipment, storage, assets, and software. Nowadays, Intrusion Detection System (IDS) plays a powerful system, which deals with the influence of experts to get actions when the system is hacked under some intrusions. Most intrusion detection frameworks are created in light of machine learning strategies. Since the datasets, this utilized as a part of intrusion detection is Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD). In this paper detect or classify the intruded data utilizing Machine Learning (ML) with the MapReduce model. The primary face considers Hadoop MapReduce model to reduce the extent of database ideal weight decided for reducer model and second stage utilizing Decision Tree (DT) classifier to detect the data. This DT classifier comprises utilizing an appropriate classifier to decide the class labels for the non-homogeneous leaf nodes. The decision tree fragment gives a coarse section profile while the leaf level classifier can give data about the qualities that influence the label inside a portion. From the proposed result accuracy for detection is 96.21% contrasted with existing classifiers, for example, Neural Network (NN), Naive Bayes (NB) and K Nearest Neighbor (KNN).

Development of Prediction Models Using Machine Learning Algorithms for Girls with Suspected Central Precocious Puberty: Retrospective Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyan Pan ◽  
Guangjian Liu ◽  
Xiaojian Mao ◽  
Huixian Li ◽  
Jiexin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Central Precocious Puberty ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Stimulation Test ◽  
Gnrh Analogue ◽  
Prediction Probability

BACKGROUND Central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls seriously affects their physical and mental development in childhood. The method of diagnosis—gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)–stimulation test or GnRH analogue (GnRHa)–stimulation test—is expensive and makes patients uncomfortable due to the need for repeated blood sampling. OBJECTIVE We aimed to combine multiple CPP–related features and construct machine learning models to predict response to the GnRHa-stimulation test. METHODS In this retrospective study, we analyzed clinical and laboratory data of 1757 girls who underwent a GnRHa test in order to develop XGBoost and random forest classifiers for prediction of response to the GnRHa test. The local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) algorithm was used with the black-box classifiers to increase their interpretability. We measured sensitivity, specificity, and area under receiver operating characteristic (AUC) of the models. RESULTS Both the XGBoost and random forest models achieved good performance in distinguishing between positive and negative responses, with the AUC ranging from 0.88 to 0.90, sensitivity ranging from 77.91% to 77.94%, and specificity ranging from 84.32% to 87.66%. Basal serum luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-I levels were found to be the three most important factors. In the interpretable models of LIME, the abovementioned variables made high contributions to the prediction probability. CONCLUSIONS The prediction models we developed can help diagnose CPP and may be used as a prescreening tool before the GnRHa-stimulation test.

scholarly journals Exploratory Analysis of Driving Force of Wildfires in Australia: An Application of Machine Learning within Google Earth Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Andrea Sulova ◽  
Jamal Jokar Arsanjani
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Google Earth Engine

Recent studies have suggested that due to climate change, the number of wildfires across the globe have been increasing and continue to grow even more. The recent massive wildfires, which hit Australia during the 2019–2020 summer season, raised questions to what extent the risk of wildfires can be linked to various climate, environmental, topographical, and social factors and how to predict fire occurrences to take preventive measures. Hence, the main objective of this study was to develop an automatized and cloud-based workflow for generating a training dataset of fire events at a continental level using freely available remote sensing data with a reasonable computational expense for injecting into machine learning models. As a result, a data-driven model was set up in Google Earth Engine platform, which is publicly accessible and open for further adjustments. The training dataset was applied to different machine learning algorithms, i.e., Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, and Classification and Regression Tree. The findings show that Random Forest outperformed other algorithms and hence it was used further to explore the driving factors using variable importance analysis. The study indicates the probability of fire occurrences across Australia as well as identifies the potential driving factors of Australian wildfires for the 2019–2020 summer season. The methodical approach and achieved results and drawn conclusions can be of great importance to policymakers, environmentalists, and climate change researchers, among others.

scholarly journals An IoT-Focused Intrusion Detection System Approach Based on Preprocessing Characterization for Cybersecurity Datasets

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Xavier Larriva-Novo ◽  
Víctor A. Villagrá ◽  
Mario Vega-Barbas ◽  
Diego Rivera ◽  
Mario Sanz Rodrigo
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Benchmark Datasets

Security in IoT networks is currently mandatory, due to the high amount of data that has to be handled. These systems are vulnerable to several cybersecurity attacks, which are increasing in number and sophistication. Due to this reason, new intrusion detection techniques have to be developed, being as accurate as possible for these scenarios. Intrusion detection systems based on machine learning algorithms have already shown a high performance in terms of accuracy. This research proposes the study and evaluation of several preprocessing techniques based on traffic categorization for a machine learning neural network algorithm. This research uses for its evaluation two benchmark datasets, namely UGR16 and the UNSW-NB15, and one of the most used datasets, KDD99. The preprocessing techniques were evaluated in accordance with scalar and normalization functions. All of these preprocessing models were applied through different sets of characteristics based on a categorization composed by four groups of features: basic connection features, content characteristics, statistical characteristics and finally, a group which is composed by traffic-based features and connection direction-based traffic characteristics. The objective of this research is to evaluate this categorization by using various data preprocessing techniques to obtain the most accurate model. Our proposal shows that, by applying the categorization of network traffic and several preprocessing techniques, the accuracy can be enhanced by up to 45%. The preprocessing of a specific group of characteristics allows for greater accuracy, allowing the machine learning algorithm to correctly classify these parameters related to possible attacks.

scholarly journals A novel framework for designing a multi-DoF prosthetic wrist control using machine learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinmay P. Swami ◽  
Nicholas Lenhard ◽  
Jiyeon Kang
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Random Forest Regression ◽  
Prosthetic Devices ◽  
Upper Limb Function ◽  
The Neural Network

AbstractProsthetic arms can significantly increase the upper limb function of individuals with upper limb loss, however despite the development of various multi-DoF prosthetic arms the rate of prosthesis abandonment is still high. One of the major challenges is to design a multi-DoF controller that has high precision, robustness, and intuitiveness for daily use. The present study demonstrates a novel framework for developing a controller leveraging machine learning algorithms and movement synergies to implement natural control of a 2-DoF prosthetic wrist for activities of daily living (ADL). The data was collected during ADL tasks of ten individuals with a wrist brace emulating the absence of wrist function. Using this data, the neural network classifies the movement and then random forest regression computes the desired velocity of the prosthetic wrist. The models were trained/tested with ADLs where their robustness was tested using cross-validation and holdout data sets. The proposed framework demonstrated high accuracy (F-1 score of 99% for the classifier and Pearson’s correlation of 0.98 for the regression). Additionally, the interpretable nature of random forest regression was used to verify the targeted movement synergies. The present work provides a novel and effective framework to develop an intuitive control for multi-DoF prosthetic devices.

scholarly journals PredNTS: Improved and Robust Prediction of Nitrotyrosine Sites by Integrating Multiple Sequence Features

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2704
Author(s):  
Andi Nur Nilamyani ◽  
Firda Nurul Auliah ◽  
Mohammad Ali Moni ◽  
Watshara Shoombuatong ◽  
Md Mehedi Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Computational Prediction ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Recursive Feature Elimination ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Sequence Features

Nitrotyrosine, which is generated by numerous reactive nitrogen species, is a type of protein post-translational modification. Identification of site-specific nitration modification on tyrosine is a prerequisite to understanding the molecular function of nitrated proteins. Thanks to the progress of machine learning, computational prediction can play a vital role before the biological experimentation. Herein, we developed a computational predictor PredNTS by integrating multiple sequence features including K-mer, composition of k-spaced amino acid pairs (CKSAAP), AAindex, and binary encoding schemes. The important features were selected by the recursive feature elimination approach using a random forest classifier. Finally, we linearly combined the successive random forest (RF) probability scores generated by the different, single encoding-employing RF models. The resultant PredNTS predictor achieved an area under a curve (AUC) of 0.910 using five-fold cross validation. It outperformed the existing predictors on a comprehensive and independent dataset. Furthermore, we investigated several machine learning algorithms to demonstrate the superiority of the employed RF algorithm. The PredNTS is a useful computational resource for the prediction of nitrotyrosine sites. The web-application with the curated datasets of the PredNTS is publicly available.

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