scholarly journals Geological Lineament Pattern and Geomorphic Indices Characteristic Related To Geothermal Manifestation Appearance: A Case Study from Gunung Talang District and Its Surroundings, Solok Regency, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia

Author(s):  
Jordi Andrifa ◽  
Nana Sulaksana ◽  
Dewi Gentana ◽  
Murni Sulastri

The study area is located in Gunung Talang District and its surroundings, Solok Regency, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This area has a potential volcanic geothermal system and is generally covered by the Quarternary rocks which are deformed due to the tectonic activity of the Sumatran Fault System. Geological structure traces are not well preserved in such an area. This study aims to determine the geological lineament pattern associated with geological structure, the geomorphic indices characteristic related to the tectonic activity and rock permeability, and the geothermal manifestation appearance based on these two factors. Geological lineament pattern is identified using the remote sensing method. Geomorphic indices characteristic is calculated through the quantitative analysis of bifurcation ratio (Rb), drainage density (Dd), mountain front sinuosity (Smf), and lineament density (Ld). Geothermal manifestation appearance is evaluated through geospatial analysis using the overlay method on the geological lineament pattern and the geomorphic indices characteristic, which are then correlated with the distribution of geothermal manifestations. The main geological lineament patterns associated with the geological structures in the study area are north-northwest–south-southeast (NNW-SSE) and northeast-southwest (NE-SW). These lineament patterns indicate synthetic and antithetic strike-slip faults around the Sumani Segment of Sumatran Fault System successively. The geomorphic indices characteristics imply deformed areas (Rb values: 1.14-5.45), rough (Dd values: 2.00-2.66 km/km2), moderate (Dd values: 3.14-4.00 km/km2), and slightly fine landform textures (Dd values: 4.32-5.51 km/km2), active (Smf values: 1.05-1.64) and moderate to slightly active tectonisms (Smf values: 1.74-2.52), low (Ld values: 0.00-0.84 km-1), moderate (Ld values: 0.84-1.68 km-1), and high lineament densities (Ld values: 1.68-2.52 km-1) over the study area. The geothermal manifestations in the study area are divided into four groups based on their appearance characteristics, namely group I (Songsang and Garara hot springs), group II (Padang Damar, Bukit Gadang, and Batu Bajanjang hot springs), group III (Bukit Kili and Bawah Gunuang hot springs), and group IV (Gabuo Atas and Bawah Betung hot springs).

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-137
Author(s):  
Hari Wiki Utama ◽  
Rahmi Mulyasari ◽  
Yulia Morsa Said

Sumatra Island is an island that is traversed an active ring of fire at Barisan Range which is related to the active Sumatra fault system and geothermal manifestations. It is associated with geothermal manifestations in Cubadak, Talu, Bonjol, and Rimbo Panti, Pasaman Regency, and West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra Province, as an indication of a geothermal system connected to the Sumatra Fault System from the Sianok Segment and the Talamau Volcano Complex. Sustainable geotourism has become effective for sustainable development of geotourism, the geothermal energy direct utilization. The purpose of this study is to provide sustainable geotourism from geothermal potential in the fault system, taking into account aspects of village geotourism, ecotourism, ecoculture, and education. The methodology used in this study is to collect data on geothermal manifestations from regional geological maps and field observations in geothermal manifestation areas by considering sustainable geotourism. A simple model of sustainable geotourism is made. Study results indicate several locations of potential geothermal manifestations to be used as sustainable geotourism associated with the Sumatra Fault System and the Talamau Volcano Complex.


Author(s):  
Wahyu Hidayat ◽  
Hafiz Hamdalah ◽  
Hana Aulia K

<p><span style="font-size: medium;">Satu daerah yang diduga terdapat sistem panasbumi adalah daerah Gunung Pancar, Bogor, Jawa Barat.<em> </em>Beberapa mata air panas yang muncul di sekitar daerah penelitian memperkuat dugaan adanya sistem panasbumi di daerah tersebut<em>.</em> Metode geofisika yang dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi sistem panasbumi adalah Metode Audio Magnetotelurik (AMT). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode AMT untuk mendapatkan gambaran bawah permukaan dengan pemodelan 1D dan pemodelan 2D. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan <em>software</em> MT Editor, Interpex, dan Petrel. <em>Geoelectrical</em> <em>strike</em> digunakan untuk mengetahui arah <em>strike</em> bawah permukaan dimana nilai kontras resistivitasnya dapat diindikasikan sebagai gangguan geologi. Data yang digunakan adalah data <em>angle</em> dan <em>radius</em> pada <em>software</em> MT Editor. Sementara <em>software</em> yang digunakan untuk membuat diagram roset adalah <em>software</em> GeoRose. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan adanya komponen panasbumi berupa <em>claycap </em>(1 Ω.m – 10 Ω.m) dan <em>reservoir </em>(10 Ω.m – 20 Ω.m) pada kedalaman 300 m hingga 2000 m. Lapisan <em>young sedimentary rock </em>diinterpretasikan sebagai zona aliran air panas dengan nilai tahanan jenis sebesar 10 Ω.m – 100 Ω.m. Sistem panasbumi di daerah penelitian diduga dikontrol oleh struktur geologi berupa sesar mendatar, antiklin, dan sinklin yang berkembang di bagian timurlaut daerah penelitian. </span></p><p><em style="font-size: medium;">T</em><em style="font-size: medium;">he areas that possibly had geothermal system is Mount Pancar, Bogor, West Java. There are several hot springs found around the study area. The geophysical method that can be used to identify the geothermal system and geological structure is the Audio-Magnetotelluric Method (AMT). AMT method is used to obtain subsurface overview with 1D modeling and 2D modeling. Data processing is done by using MT Editor, Interpex, and Petrel software. Geoelectrical strike is used to determine the direction of the subsurface strike by resistivity value. The most dominant angle and radius data from software MT Editor is used to make rosette diagram to show the geoelectrical strike. The results of 1D modeling showed the geothermal component such as claycap (1 Ω.m - 10 Ω.m) and reservoir (10 Ω.m - 20 Ω.m) at a depth of 300 m to 2000 m. The young sedimentary rock layer is interpreted as a discharge zone with a resistance value of 10 Ω.m - 100 Ω.m. The geothermal systems in the study area might be controlled by geological structures in the northeast of the study area.</em></p>


Author(s):  
Anjar Pranggawan Azhari ◽  
Sukir Maryanto ◽  
Arief Rachmansyah

This paper presented used remote sensing method for identification geological structure on Blawan-Ijengeothermal field and its system. Remote sensing data, specifically Landsat 8 and DEM SRTM, provide lineaments from the 753 multispectral band and the land surface temperature (LST) from single thermal infra red band using a retrieval method. Surface emissivity was determined based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of study area. Remote sensing analysis is good approach to identification of geological structure from surface that control thermal manifestation in Blawan geothermal field. It shows Blawan fault is the main structure in geothermal field which associated with high LST and hot springs. Interpretation indicated reservoir of Blawan-Ijen geothermal system spread from Plalangan to southwest area. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi struktur geologi dan gambaran sistem panasbumi Blawan-Ijen dengan aplikasi penginderaan jauh. Data penginderaan jauh khususnya citra multispektral komposit 753 Landsat 8 dan DEM SRTM digunakan sebagai data untuk mendelineasi struktur patahan di permukaan. Suhu permukaan tanah diperoleh dari pengolahan citra thermal inframerah Landsat 8 dengan bantuan metode semi empiris. Emisivitas permukaan diperoleh berdasarkan klasifikasi indeks vegetasi NDVI daerah penelitian. Analisis data penginderaan jauh merupakan pendekatan yang cukup baik dalam mengidentifikasi struktur geologi yang mengontrol manifestasi panasbumi Blawan. Hasil interpretasi menunjukkan patahan Blawan adalah struktur utama di daerah geothermal Blawan yang berasosiasi dengan suhu permukaan tanah yang tinggi dan deretan mata air panas. Interpretasi mengindikasikan reservoir sistem panasbumi Blawan berada di bawah permukaan Plalangan dan menerus dari Plalangan menuju arah barat daya daerah penelitian.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carbajal-Martínez Daniel ◽  
Loïc Peiffer ◽  
Larryn W. Diamond ◽  
John M. Fletcher ◽  
Claudio Inguaggiato ◽  
...  

&lt;p&gt;Non-magmatic, orogenic geothermal systems are recognized as significant energy resources for electricity production or direct uses. This study focuses on the non-magmatic geothermal system hosted by the Agua Blanca fault, Ensenada, Mexico. The Agua Blanca fault is a 140 km long transtensional structure with segments recording up to 11 km of dextral strike-slip displacement and normal throws of up to 0.65 km. We have identified at least seven geothermal areas manifested by hot springs discharging at temperatures ranging from 38 &amp;#176;C to 107 &amp;#176;C. These systems involve topography-driven infiltration of meteoric water deep into the Agua Blanca fault and exfiltration of the heated water at valley floors and along a local beach known as La Jolla.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For this contribution, we present recent and ongoing exploration activities aiming to (i) obtain a fundamental understanding of the governing thermal-hydraulic-chemical processes controlling the circulation of meteoric water in the hydrothermally active fault system and (ii) quantify the natural discharge rate and its respective advective heat output. Chemical and isotopic analyses of thermal springs and seismic epicenters' location reveal that meteoric water penetrates between 5 to 10 km deep into the brittle orogenic crystalline basement and thereby attains temperatures between 105 and 215 &amp;#176;C. Interestingly, the deepest circulation and hottest reservoir temperatures occur where the extensional displacement along the fault shows maximum values. However, our data provide no evidence that meteoric water infiltrates beyond the brittle-ductile zone in the crust (12-18 km).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For the La Jolla beach thermal area, we have quantified the advective heat output from thermal images acquired with an unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with a thermal camera and from water flow and direct temperature measurements. The total thermal water discharge is 330 &amp;#177; 44 L s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; and occurs over a surface area of 2804 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; at temperatures up to 52 &amp;#176;C. At 20 cm depth, the temperature is as high as 93 &amp;#176;C. These observations collectively imply a current heat output of 40.5 &amp;#177; 5.2 MW&lt;sub&gt;t &lt;/sub&gt;(Carbajal-Mart&amp;#237;nez et al., 2020). We are currently estimating the shape and magnitude of the subsurface thermal anomaly at La Jolla beach by performing coupled thermal-hydraulic-chemical simulations using the code Toughreact.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We conclude that meteoric water circulation through the Agua Blanca fault system reflects the interplay between the permeability distribution along the fault system and the rugged regional topography. Under ideal conditions such as at La Jolla beach, such circulation generates rather large thermal outputs that could supply the thermal energy for a multi-effect distillation desalinization plant and contribute to cover the shortage of fresh water in Ensenada.&lt;/p&gt;


2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Lara Ferrero ◽  
Laura Perucca ◽  
Martin Rothis ◽  
Ana Pantano ◽  
Mauro Saez

Several parallel east verging thrusts with Quaternary tectonic activity have been identified in the eastern piedmont of Cordón de Las Osamentas, Central Precordillera of Argentina. We grouped these structures into the Maradona Fault System (MFS). The main morphostructural units, called mountainous and transitional, were analyzed. The form and evolution of these units are closely related to the geological structure of the area. With the morphotectonic analysis, we estimated the length of MFS and the affected alluvial levels. Besides, the morphology of the escarpments was determined through detailed transversal topographic profiles made in a sector where the alluvial levels are affected by the faults. This analysis allowed the recognition of several fault segments and the selection of the points that would present the best natural exposures of the fault- sedimentary deposits relationships. Topographic profiles performed with differential GPS let to identify centimetric fault scarps through slope changes observed in each transect orthogonal to the direction of the structures. Five natural exposures were identified allowing determination of the kinematics of the different fault sections and the deposits affected by these structures. In all the analyzed exposures, faults are reverse with low angle (thrust), dipping to the west and affecting Neogene deposits and alluvial units assigned to the late Pleistocene-Holocene. The Maradona fault system affects younger alluvial levels to the east, showing the gradual migration of the Andean deformation eastward. The progression of the deformation in this sector of Central Precordillera would have evolved according to a pattern of thrusts with angles in surface near 45°, with sequences of internal deformation and reactivation during the Pleistocene-Holocene. Finally, the SFM is regarded as a potential seismogenic source capable to produce earthquakes with magnitude >Mw 6 and hit the main populated centers of the province of San Juan (>700,000 inhabitants), and several dams built along the San Juan River.


2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
E. Kokinou ◽  
H. D. Skilodimou ◽  
G. D. Bathrellos

In the present study, geomorphological, geological data and morphotectonic analysis were combined in order to investigate the relation between the tectonic activity and the geomorphology in the Heraklion basin (Crete). GIS techniques were used for mapping the various topographic, geological and tectonic features of the study area. The digital elevation model (DEΜ) of the study area was created. The slope angle and aspect maps were derived from DEM and combined with fault system orientation. The influence of tectonism on the development of drainage system was examined by the comparison of fault and stream directions. Moreover, geomorphic indices are useful tools in evaluating tectonic activity, relating the sensitivity to rock resistance, climatic change and tectonic processes with the production of a certain landscape. The applied geomorphic indices, in the present study, are the mountain front sinuosity index (Smf) and the valley floor width to valley height ratio (Vf). The fault zones of the study area are generally oriented N-S, NE-SW, NW-SE and E-W. According to the morphological analysis, steep slopes and sudden changes corresponding to the azimuth of the slope direction, are mainly related to N-S, NNE-SSW and NNW-SSE oriented faulting. The main channel directions of the drainage system are mainly controlled by faults striking N-S. The E-W, NE-SW and NW-SE general trending fault systems affect the low order streams. The Smf and Vf values are low, implying that the tectonic activity influences the morphology of the study area. The above methodology was proved successful to examine the impact of the tectonic activity in the study area.


EKSPLORIUM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Rasi Prasetio ◽  
Neneng Laksminingpuri ◽  
Evarista Ristin Pujiindiyati

ABSTRAK Daerah upflow dalam sistem panas bumi merupakan daerah dengan permeabilitas yang tinggi sebagai lintasan naiknya fluida panas bumi ke permukaan, yang umumnya ditandai dengan adanya fumarol di permukaan. Gunung Tampomas, Jawa Barat, merupakan salah satu lokasi potensi panas bumi yang memiliki manifestasi berupa mata air panas, namun tidak memiliki fumarol atau steam vent. Zona permeabel atau upflow sulit untuk diidentifikasi. Isotop 222Rn merupakan isotop geogenik yang konsentrasinya di dalam gas tanah dapat menunjukkan permeabilitas, baik permeabilitas primer maupun sekunder (struktur). Serangkaian pengukuran 222Rn dalam gas tanah telah dilakukan pada 56 titik di sekitar Gunung Tampomas untuk melihat anomali kandungan 222Rn dengan menggunakan metode statistik, serta relasinya antara daerah dengan permeabilitas tinggi dengan struktur geologi dan manifestasi panas bumi. Hasil pengukuran dan evaluasi statistik menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi 222Rn terbagi menjadi konsentrasi rendah (latar), konsentrasi tinggi, dan anomali. Nilai latar berada di 16 lokasi berada di bawah 825 Bq/m3, sementara konsentrasi tinggi di 32 lokasi antara 825–7688 Bq/m3 dan anomali di 8 lokasi di atas 7688 Bq/m3. Sebagian besar lokasi dengan konsentrasi 222Rn tinggi dan anomali letaknya tidak berdekatan dengan kelurusan struktur, Seluruh pengukuran yang berdekatan dengan mata air panas memiliki konsentrasi 222Rn tinggi dan anomali. Mata air panas Ciseupan merupakan pengecualian yang mengindikasikan air panas tersebut keluar secara lateral (outflow). Selain itu, tidak ada indikasi korelasi antara konsentrasi 222Rn dengan elevasi lokasi pengukuran. Proses perpindahan 222Rn dari reservoir ke permukaan diperkirakan melalui mekanisme gas pembawa yang berasal dari reservoir panas bumi melalui zona permeabel.ABSTRACT Upflow zone in the geothermal system is a zone with high permeability that serves as a path for geothermal fluid to ascend to the surface, which usually marked with fumarole at the surface. Mount Tampomas, West Java, is a potential geothermal site with some thermal manifestation in the form of hot springs, but no fumarole or steam vent exists. The up-flow or the permeable zone is difficult to identify. 222Rn isotope is a radiogenic isotope that its concentration in soil gas can infer primary permeability as well as secondary permeability (structure). Series of 222Rn measurement in soil gas has been performed from 56 sampling positions around Mount Tampomas to evaluate 222Rn anomaly by a statistical method and its relation with high permeability area, geological structure, and geothermal manifestation. The measurement and statistical evaluation results show that 222Rn concentration clustered into low (background), high, and anomaly concentration. The background values in 16 places are below 825 Bq/m3, while a high level in 32 areas between 825–7688 Bq/m3 and anomaly in 8 places above 7688 Bq/m3. Most of the locations with high and anomaly 222Rn concentrations did not locate near a structure lineament. All measurements near hot springs have a high 222Rn and anomaly. Ciseupan hot spring is an exception which may indicate that the hot spring is discharged laterally (outflow). Furthermore, there is no indication of a correlation between 222Rn with the elevation of the measurement location. The process of 222Rn transfer from the reservoir to the surface is considered by the geothermal reservoir's gas carrier mechanism through permeable zones. 


Author(s):  
С.А. Мамаев ◽  
А.Р. Юсупов ◽  
А.С. Мамаев ◽  
З.А. Юсупов

В данной статье даны особенности геологического строения района газопроявления «Цущар» в Кулинском районе на отложениях среднеюрского возраста, предлагается геолого-структурная схема возможного формирования залежи нефти и газа. Незначительные проявления газоносности, связанные обычно с минеральными источниками и подчиненные мощной толще юрских сланцев, развитых на значительных площадях нагорного Дагестана, начали обращать на себя внимание с 1931 г., в связи с поисками месторождений легких редких газов. Анализы газов показывают повышенное содержание легких редких газов в целом ряде месторождений нагорного Дагестана. Кроме группы месторождений Южного Дагестана известен пока только один выход горючего газа в Центральном Дагестане – Кулинском районе. На него указывает в своем рукописном отчете Дагестанскому Совнархозу геолог Н. М. Леднев. Этот выход подчинен юрским сланцам, связан с нарушениями неотектонического характера, образованными в результате сейсмической активизации региона. Цель исследования. Целью наших исследований является обоснование перспектив газоносности Горного Дагестана. На изучаемой территории отмечается наличие неправильных куполовидных складок с неожиданными направлениями их осей, пересекающими основное направление складчатости, частичными местными уклонениями в залегании пластов. Методы исследования. Основными методами исследования при изучении перспектив газоносности Горного Дагестана являлись геолого-структурный, стратиграфический, морфологический, тектонический и дешифрирование аэрофотоснимков. Результаты исследования. По сравнению с Предгорным Дагестаном и Прикумским районом, Горный Дагестан был подвержен более интенсивным геотектоническим движениям, неоднократно подвергался складчатости, испытал инверсию, со значительно большей амплитудой, что привело к усиленной денудации, развитию трещиноватости и разрывов, метаморфизму пород и органических образований. Все это отрицательно влияло на сохранение нефти и газа. Можно предполагать, что многие залежи, сформировавшиеся при прохождении продуцирующими толщами главной фазы нефтеобразования, были разрушены в периоды активизации тектонической деятельности на рубеже юры и мела, мела и палеогена. В дальнейшем шла генерация, преимущественно, газообразных углеводородов, которые при особенно благоприятных условиях могли сохраниться до настоящего времени. По результатам исследований можно утверждать, что газовое проявление Цущар могло проявиться в 1622, 1652 гг. в результате сильных землетрясений, эпицентр которых располагался в пределахисследуемого района This article describes the features of the geological structure of the Tsushar gas show area in the Kulinsky region on the Middle Jurassic deposits, and proposes a geological-structural diagram of the possible formation of oil and gas deposits. Minor manifestations of gas content, usually associated with mineral springs and subordinate to a thick stratum of Jurassic shales, developed over large areas of highland Dagestan, began to attract attention from 1931, in connection with the search for deposits of light rare gases. Gas analyzes show an increased content of light rare gases in a number of fields in highland Dagestan. In addition to the group of fields in Southern Dagestan, only one outlet of combustible gas in Central Dagestan is known – the Kulinsky region. It is pointed out in his handwritten report to the Dagestan Economic Council by the geologist N. M. Lednev. This outlet is subordinate to the Jurassic shale and is associated with neotectonic disturbances formed as a result of seismic activation of the region. Aim. The purpose of our research is to substantiate the prospects for gas content in Gorny Dagestan. In the study area, there are irregular dome-shaped folds with unexpected directions of their axes crossing the main direction of folding, partial local deviations in bedding. Methods. The main research methods in the study of the prospects for the gas content of Mountainous Dagestan were geological-structural, stratigraphic, morphological, tectonic and additional aerial photographs. Research results. Compared to Piedmont Dagestan and Prikumskiy region, Gorny Dagestan was subject to more intense geotectonic movements, repeatedly underwent folding, experienced inversion, with a much higher amplitude, which led to increased denudation, the development of fracturing and fractures, metamorphism of rocks and organic formations. All of this negatively affected the conservation of oil and gas. It can be assumed that many deposits, formed during the passage of the producing strata of the main phase of oil formation, were destroyed during periods of intensified tectonic activity at the boundary between the Jurassic and Cretaceous, Cretaceous and Paleogene. In the future, there was the generation of mainly gaseous hydrocarbons, which, under especially favorable conditions, could persist to the present day. According to the research results, it can be argued that the gas manifestation of Tsushar could have manifested itself in 1622, 1652. as a result of strong earthquakes, the epicenter, which was located within the study area


Author(s):  
Sh. Qiu ◽  
N. A. Kasyanova

Background. In terms of oil and gas, the territory of the Chezhen depression has been studied insufficiently compared to the neighbouring same-range depressions. These depressions complicate the first-order Jiyang depression, geographically coinciding with the largest Shengli hydrocarbon field. In recent years, much geological and geophysical information about the oil geologyof the Chezhen depression has been accumulated, which allows its prospecting oil and gas potential to be assessed.Aim. To reveal regular features of the geological structure and location of oil deposits in the Chezhen depression in order to support the prospecting and exploration work within the Chezhen block of the Shengli field.Materials and methods. A comprehensive analysis of literature data and collected materials was conducted. A historical and geodynamic study of the evolution of the studied area according to literature data was carried out, along with an analysis of the most recent geological and geophysical information and exploration data based on the materials of the “Shengli AKOO Sinopek” oil company. The analysis was based on the data from 52 drilling wells and the results of seismic surveys performed in the central part of the Chezhen depression.Results. Specific features of the block geological structure of the area under study were established, which formed under the repeated influence of large-scale horizontal tectonic movements occurring at different periods of geological history. The role of the most recent fault system in the modern spatial distribution of oil deposits was determined.Conclusions. Our studies demonstrate a great prospecting potential of the Chezhen depression territory, where the discovery of new industrial oil deposits can be expected.


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