Efficacy of Chocolate on Hypercholestrolemic Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 332-340
Author(s):  
Nisha. S. M ◽  
Sujatha. T ◽  
Thilagavathi
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cocoa Butter ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Cocoa Products ◽  
Experimental Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Cocoa Tree ◽  
Chocolate Sample

Chocolate comprises number of raw and processed foods produced from the seed of the tropical cocoa tree. Chocolate is produced from cocoa mass added with sugar and cocoa butter. Chocolate has been promoted for its health benefits, as it seems to possess substantial amount of antioxidant that reduces the formation of free radicals. Researchers concluded that chocolate containing higher amount of cocoa have higher procyanidins content, so higher antioxidant capacities. Evidence suggests that regular consumption of cocoa products containing flavanol may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the present study was carried out to assess the effect of chocolate on lipid profile of hypercholesterolemic rats. The rats were grouped under three categories; Triton 400mg was injected to experimental rats to make it hypercholesterolemia. Based on the objectives a cocoa rich chocolate sample was developed using cocoa seed, cocoa butter, sugar and lecithin and the experimental hypercholesterolemia rates were feed with chocolate sample for duration of 20 days, and the lipid profile was analysed at initial and at final days of supplementation. During the period of supplementation, the Cholesterol and LDL level were decreased gradually which may be due to the supplementation of chocolate. Significant reduction was observed at 5% level. Thus, it was concluded that in the present study there was a significant effect on lipid profile of chocolate supplemented with hypercholesterolemic rats.

Age-related blood biochemical changes (lipid metabolism) in healthy young and mature men living under the North conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 728-732
Author(s):  
Inessa Vladislavovna Averyanova
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Photometric Method ◽  
The North ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Younger Men

Metabolic disorders (dyslipidemias) are currently crucial since they develop cardiovascular diseases. The work was aimed at studying age dynamics and its correlation with severity of dyslipidemia in basic lipid metabolism variables (in different age groups). Materials and methods: Examinees were Caucasians born and permanently residing in Magadan region: 55 mature men and 147 young men (mean ages were 36.8±0.8 and 18.7±0.8 yr, respectively). Blood serum lipid metabolism was examined by colorimetric and photometric method using AU 680 (Beckman Coulter, USA). Results: The data of obtained lipidogram showed dependence of rise in all indicators on subjective older age with higher percentage of dyslipidemia and increase in calculated indices reflecting degree of the lipid profile atherogenicity. Conclusion: Overall, the North study revealed a safer lipid profile in group of younger men, while biochemical picture of older residents demonstrated increased values. Lipid atherogenicity is a very alarming factor in developing cardiovascular diseases, and a predictor of risks for metabolic syndrome.

The impact of multiple blood donations on the risk of cardiovascular diseases: Insight of lipid profile

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Bani-Ahmad ◽  
O.F. Khabour ◽  
M.Y. Gharibeh ◽  
K.N. Alshlool
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Blood Donations ◽  
Multiple Blood ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Plasma Lipid Profile of Moderate and Severe Hypertensive Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibikunle Akinlua ◽  
Akinwumi T. Ogundajo ◽  
Olufisayo G. Oyebanji ◽  
Babajide O. Arobasalu
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Mild Hypertensive

Hypertension is the most prevalent and treatable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Elevated levels of lipid in the blood also known as hyperlipideamia or dyslipidemia have been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis and most cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. This study was designed to evaluate the plasma level of lipid profile in mild and severe hypertensive patients with a view to provide information on the link between these parameters and the development and severity of hypertension. Blood samples were collected from 120 freshly diagnosed hypertensive patients consisting of 60 mild and 60 severe hypertensive patients at Wesley Guide Hospital of Obafemi Awolowo University teaching Hospital Ilesa Osun state and 60 relatively healthy subjects as control. Plasma level of lipid profile [namely High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC)] in the blood sample of both patients and control subjects were analyzed using standard methods. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis (p<0.05).The results of lipid profile in mild and severe hypertensive patients was compared to the control subjects. The results in mild hypertensive patients were also compared with the severe ones. There was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the plasma level of TC and LDLc in both mild and severe hypertensive patients when compared with the control subjects. Similarly a significant increase (p<0.05) was recorded in the plasma level of the both TC and LDLc in severe hypertensive patients when compared with mild hypertensive patients. However, the plasma level of HDLc in moderate and severe hypertensive patients was slightly lowered but not significant (p<0.05) while plasma TG level was not significantly different when compared with the control subjects. This study reveals a progressive increase in the plasma level of TC and LDLc from mild to severe hypertensive patients which could be a pointer to the fact that abnormalities in lipid metabolism might plays a significant role in the development and severity of hypertension.

Antioxidants as Functional Foods in Metabolic Syndrome

2017 ◽  
pp. 149-165
Author(s):  
Abishek B. Santhakumar ◽  
Indu Singh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Foods

In the recent years, there has been a great deal of attention in investigating the disease preventive properties of functional foods. Particularly, impact of the antioxidant property of functional foods in reducing the risk or progression of chronic diseases has gained considerable interest amongst researchers and practitioners. Free radicals such as reactive oxygen species are generated in the body by exposure to a number of physiochemical or pathological mechanisms. It is imperative to preserve a balance between the levels of free radicals and antioxidants for routine physiological function, a disparity of which would accelerate oxidative stress. Increased oxidative stress and associated consequences in metabolic disorders such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes has warranted the need for exogenous antioxidant concentrates derived from natural foods to alleviate the adverse effects. This chapter provides an overview on the efficacy of functional foods in reducing free radical-mediated damage in metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penerapan Bea Keluar Biji Kakao Terhadap Daya Saing Serta Ekspor Produk Kakao Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-152
Author(s):  
Maria Trisanti Saragih ◽  
Harianto Harianto ◽  
Heny Kuswanti
Keyword(s):  
Cocoa Butter ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Export Duty ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Cocoa Products ◽  
Export Destination ◽  
Domestic Stock

The development of Indonesia's cocoa beans before the export duty policy shows that almost 90 per cent of cocoa beans exports were exported from total production, therefore makes Indonesia as known as one of the biggest cocoa beans exporters in the world. Cocoa exports to destination countries cause the domestic stock of raw materials for cocoa beans Domestic stock has decreased. Afterwards, the Indonesian government implemented a cocoa bean export duty policy. This research aimed to analyze the effect of export duties policy for the competitiveness and exports of Indonesian cocoa products to export destination countries. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) method is used to measure competitiveness, while Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) is used to analyze the long-term effect of export duties on cocoa beans on competitiveness and exports of cocoa products. Based on the analysis result, all cocoa products have competitiveness, Indonesian cocoa butter has the highest competitiveness in export destination countries. Export duties policy has a long-term effect on competitiveness and exports of cocoa paste and powder, but have no long-term effect on competitiveness and exports of cocoa butter. Therefore, the overall increase in competitiveness and export of cocoa products is due to the implementation of the cocoa bean export duty policy.

scholarly journals Features of the Lipid Profile in Patients with Arterial Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases According to Smoking Status

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Gaisenok ◽  
Sergey Yu. Martsevich ◽  
Marina V. Leonova
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Rank Analysis

Introduction:Smoking is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The direct influence of smoking status on the lipid profile was highlighted in patients with arterial hypertension and associated cardiovascular disease.Objective:We aimed to evaluate lipid profile among patients related to smoking status in a registry-based cohort study.Methods:The data of registry of National Research Сenter of Preventive Medicine were conducted. Patients filled in the special questionnaire in order to identify their smoking status, statins therapy.Results:274 patients were included; main nosologic disease was arterial hypertension (230 patients), 14.8% were smokers, 62.9% non-smokers, and 22.2% past-smokers. The rank analysis of variations by Kruskal-Wallis (H) test for multiple comparisons between groups revealed significant differences in lipid levels for patients according to smoking status: total cholesterol H (2, n=234) =9.119,p=0.0105; LDL-cholesterol H (2, n=225) =6.2615,p=0.0437; triglycerides H (2, n=216) =9.8485,p=0.0073; these indicators of lipid profile among non-smoking patients were lower than among smokers, these indices among past-smokers were lower than among smokers. The absence of statistically significant differences between groups was confirmed in statin therapy (χ2=3.169, df=4,p=0.529). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors that influence achievement target lipid levels. Only 2 statistically significant signs were identified in this model: smoking (OR 0.1; 95%CI [0.13;4.87];p=0.03) and statin therapy (OR 8.2;95%CI [-3.6; -,078];p=0.002).Conclusion:Significantly higher lipid levels have been observed in smokers compared to non-smokers in patients with arterial hypertension and associated cardiovascular disease. Smoking is a great factor disincentive to achieve target lipid levels.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress in Hemodialysis Patients: Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Clinical Consequences and Basic Principles of Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Antić ◽  
Nevena Draginić ◽  
Tomislav Nikolić ◽  
Nevena Jeremić ◽  
Dejan Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Dialysis Membrane ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Regular Hemodialysis

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in patients who undergo regular hemodialysis. Oxidative stress is a non-traditional risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases in this population of patients. It is defined as tissue damage caused by balance disturbance between the formation of free radicals and the function of protective antioxidative systems. The superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide are precursors in the formation of stronger oxidants, such as: hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrite and hypochloric acid. Superoxide dismutase is the first line of antioxidant protection while catalase, glutathione peroxidase, trace elements, vitamin C, vitamin E, N-acetylcysteine and coenzyme Q10 also have a significant antioxidative role. Hemo-dialysis is itself a trigger for the increased formation of oxygen free radicals. The two main pathophysiological mechanisms of the increased formation of free oxygen radicals during the hemo-dialysis session are: bionicompatibility of the dialysis membrane and the presence of endotoxins in the hemodialysis solution. The measurement of myeloperoxidase concentration in a patient’s serum during hemodialysis is an indicator of the severity of oxidative stress induced by the dialysis membrane (an indicator of the biocompatibility of the dialysis membrane). The main clinical consequences of oxidative stress include: atherosclerosis, erythropoietin resistance, malnutrition and amyloidosis associated with hemodialysis. The evaluation of oxidative stress in patients undergoing hemodialysis is performed by measuring the concentration of lipid peroxidation products (malonyldialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, TBARS, F2-isoprostane, oxLDL), protein oxidation (AOPP), protein gelling (AGE), and oxidation of nucleic acids (8-OHdG). The antioxidant treatment strategy consists of replenishing vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, N-acetylcysteine and coenzyme Q10. On-line hemodialysis, a biocompatible vitamin E-coated dialysis membrane, an ultra-pure solution for hemodialysis, prevent oxidative stress, reduce the rate of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and improve life quality of patients treated with regular hemodialysis.

scholarly journals The effect of the regular consumption of lard from fats of crossbreed Mangalitsa and breed of meat type pig on the lipid profile of consumers

10.5219/957 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Mrázová ◽  
Ondřej Bučko ◽  
Martina Gažarová ◽  
Anna Kolesárová ◽  
Jana Kopčeková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Meat Type

scholarly journals Squalene: More than a Step toward Sterols

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Micera ◽  
Alfonso Botto ◽  
Federica Geddo ◽  
Susanna Antoniotti ◽  
Cinzia Margherita Bertea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Metabolic Intermediate ◽  
Cellular Models

Squalene (SQ) is a natural triterpene widely distributed in nature. It is a metabolic intermediate of the sterol biosynthetic pathway and represents a possible target in different metabolic and oxidative stress-related disorders. Growing interest has been focused on SQ’s antioxidant properties, derived from its chemical structure. Strong evidence provided by ex vivo models underline its scavenging activity towards free radicals, whereas only a few studies have highlighted its effect in cellular models of oxidative stress. Given the role of unbalanced free radicals in both the onset and progression of several cardiovascular diseases, an in depth evaluation of SQ’s contribution to antioxidant defense mechanisms could represent a strategic approach in dealing with these pathological conditions. At present experimental results overall show a double-edged sword role of squalene in cardiovascular diseases and its function has to be better elucidated in order to establish intervention lines focused on its features. This review aims to summarize current knowledge about endogenous and exogenous sources of SQ and to point out the controversial role of SQ in cardiovascular physiology.

Fruit and vegetable consumption among older adults: influence of urban food environment in a medium-sized Brazilian city

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Luciene Fátima Fernandes Almeida ◽  
Taiane Gonçalves Novaes ◽  
Milene Cristine Pessoa ◽  
Ariene Silva do Carmo ◽  
Larissa Loures Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Objective: To examine the association between urban food environment and regular consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) by older adults from a medium-sized Brazilian city. Design: Cross-sectional study based on data related to (1) objective assessment of establishments with predominant sale of unprocessed/minimally processed foods, mixed establishments and establishments with predominant sale of ultra-processed foods; (2) regular consumption of FV (≥ 5 times/week), health and socio-demographic variables of community-dwelling older adults. Tertiles of proximity between food establishments and older adults’ residence were calculated. Poisson generalised estimating equations with robust variance, adjusted for individual and contextual variables, were used to estimate the independent association between the proximity of establishments and regular consumption of FV. Setting: Medium-sized Brazilian city. Subjects: Representative sample of community-dwelling older adults (n 549). Results: Older adults travelled the longest distances to establishments with predominant sale of unprocessed/minimally processed foods. The longer the distance to establishments with predominant sale of unprocessed/minimally processed foods, the lower the prevalence of regular consumption of FV (tertile 2: prevalence ratio (PR) = 0·86; 95 % CI = 0·74, 0·99; tertile 3: PR = 0·84; 95 % CI = 0·72, 0·97). Older adults living larger distance tertiles from establishments with predominant sale of ultra-processed foods, mixed establishments or all categories of establishments had 16 % (PR = 0·84; 95 % CI = 0·73, 0·96), 19 % (PR = 0·81; 95 % CI = 0·71, 0·93) and 19 % (PR = 0·81; 95 % CI = 0·70, 0·94) lower prevalence of regular consumption of FV, respectively. Conclusion: The food environment is associated with regular consumption of FV among older adults. Longer distances from the residence of older adults to food establishments are independently associated with lower prevalence of regular consumption of FV.

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